• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.185-198
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to obtain information necessary for the development of patient clothes that can reduce physical fatigue of caregivers by quantitatively measuring the muscle load and fatigue. The patient clothes used in this study can be broken down into three types: A type (back center zipper open suit), B type (top-to bottom separated patient clothes), and C type (front zipper open suit). The EMG measurement sites are as follows: hand muscle (brachioradialis), upper arm (biceps, triceps), shoulder (anterior deltoid, medial deltoid, posterior deltoid, upper trapezius), and waist (erector spinae); additionally, the EMG signals were measured. Through this experiment, muscle load, muscle energy consumption, and muscle fatigue generation tendency were analyzed. The results of the study revealed that the C type patient clothes required the most strength in the muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, hands, and back when being put on and taken off compared to other patient clothes. The A type clothes required a relatively large force in opening the zipper. In terms of muscle energy consumption, B type generally called for more strength when it came to the zip-up and putarmsup motions. With regard to the cover the body and put legs/hips up motions, C type used the highest amount of muscle energy, whereas A type used relatively little energy. In terms of the occurrence of muscle fatigue during the putting on and taking off of the patient's clothing, there was a difference in the area and degree of muscle fatigue in the A, B, and C types, and there was also a tendency for muscle fatigue to occur when performing repetitive movements.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.1619-1626
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• 2024

In order to optimize the operational safety and reliability of the upper launcher for the CFETR ECRH system, a design of the launcher for NTM control based on the remote steering concept is currently being carried out for comparison with the front steering equivalent. This paper presents the layout design and analysis of the quasi-optical system in the remote steering launcher. A 3D visual quasi-optical design tool has been developed for the quasi-optical system, which can parameterize modeling, perform general astigmatic beam calculation and show the accurate beam propagation path in the upper port. Three identical sets of quasi-optical modules are arranged in the launcher, and each one consists of two fixed double-curvature focusing mirrors, which focus and reflect the steering beams (- 12°-12°) from two square corrugated waveguides. The beam characteristics at the resonance layer are described, and the average beam radius is < 100 mm. The peak head loads on the surfaces of the two fixed mirrors are 1.63 MW/m² and 1.52 MW/m². The position and size of the beam channel in the blanket are obtained, and the opening apertures on the launcher-facing and plasma-facing sides of the blanket module are 0.54 m² and 0.4 m², respectively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.299-313
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• 1990

The author analysed tomographic and cephalometric radiographs of 82 temporomandibular joints from 41 symptomatic patients and 40 temporomandibular joints from 20 asymptomatic young adults. The results were as follows; 1. The mean condylar angulation in control group and patient group was 21.72±6.48° 20.13±9.14° respectively and there was no significant difference between two groups. 2. The mean depth of cut was 6.63±0.38㎝ in control group and 6.57±0.46㎝ in patient group. 3. Mean height and width of condylar head were 6.66±1.83㎜, 12.42±0.49㎜ in control group and 6.22±1.36㎜, 11.93±l.92㎜ in patient group. 4. The mean height of articular fossa was 10.20±2.04㎜ in control group and 9.89±1.98㎜ in patient group. The mean width of articular fossa was 21.08±2.08㎜ in control group and 21.24±3.03㎜ in patient group. 5. In centric occlusion the superior joint space was largest (4.15±0.93㎜), followed by the posterior joint space (2.99±0.97㎜) and the anterior joint space (2.70±0.73㎜) in control group. The superior joint space (3.47±1.31㎜) and posterior joint space (3.47±7.07㎜) were same in patient group. There was significant difference in left superior joint spaces between two groups (p<0.05). 6. The condylar position in articular fossa was displaced anteroinferiorly (0.99±3.65㎜ anteriorly, 1.75±1.01㎜ inferiorly) in control group and posteroinferiorly (3.20±4.69㎜ posteriorly, 1.25±1.87㎜ inferiorly) in patient group with 1 inch opening. In maximum opening, it was displaced anteroinferiorly (6.09±3.55㎜ anteriorly, 1.38±2.47㎜ inferiorly) in control group and anteroinferiorly (1.70±5.96㎜ anteriorly, 1.37±1.85㎜ inferiorly) in patient group. There was significant difference in anteroposterior position of both condyles with 1 inch opening and maximum opening between two groups (p<0.01). 7. The mean inclination of upper central incisor and the posterior inclination of articular eminence in control group was 65.60±6.04° 58.88±9.18° in control group, and 67.14±8.41°, 59.70±9.08° in patient group respectively. There was no significant correlation between two groups.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1999

Developmental morphology of the red alga, Osmundea crispa (Hollenberg) Nam from California was studied on the basis of liquid-preserved and herbarium specimens. Vegetative axial segment of the species produces two pericentral cells and one trichoblast. Spermatangial filaments (branches) are derived from apical and epidermal cells in pocket-shaped apical pit with an ostiole-like upper opening. Procarp-bearing segment of female trichoblast produces five pericentral cells, of which the fifth functions as supporting cell of carpogonial branch. Tetrasporangial production occurs in random epidermal cells in apical pit of branchlets, and two presporangial cover cells show parallel arrangement to stichidial axis. As this vegetative and reproductive development is included in the generic delineation of Osmundea Stackhouse, O. crispa among the known Osmundea species is characterized by habit forming compact cushion-like clump with angular to terete thallus. It is also distinguished from O. hybrida (AP. de Candolle) Nam without the compressed thallus by the number of pericentral cells in procarp-bearing segment and shape of spermatangial pit. Taxonomic implication of the shape of spermatangial pit is also included.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.379-385
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• 1998

A patient with TMJ osteoarthritis and anterior open bite was treated with an intermaxillary traction device. Pretreatment examination revelaed a pain in both TMJ during mouth opening, moderate tendernesso f left sternocleidomastoid and right trapezius muscles. Anterior open Bite was aobserved with interincisal distance of 2mm. Tomograms and MRI showed anterior disc displacement withouit reductoin of both temporomandibular joints, and the condyles were flattened and slightly eroded. A pair of full-coverage occlusal appliances was made on both maxillary and mandibular dentition, with pivoting fulcrum on the site of the second moalr. Traction force was gained by the intermaxillary orthodontic elastics which were hooked by orthodontic brackets on the labial surfaces of the upper and lower anterior and premolar teeth. After 8 weeks of traction treatment, the joint pain was subsided completely and the anterior open bite was closed to get an edge to edge relationship of anterior teeth.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 1998

A patient with TMJ osteoarthritis and anterior open bite was treated with an intermaxillary traction device. Pretreatment examination revelaed a pain in both TMJ during mouth opening, moderate tendernesso f left sternocleidomastoid and right trapezius muscles. Anterior open Bite was aobserved with interincisal distance of 2mm. Tomograms and MRI showed anterior disc displacement withouit reductoin of both temporomandibular joints, and the condyles were flattened and slightly eroded. A pair of full-coverage occlusal appliances was made on both maxillary and mandibular dentition, with pivoting fulcrum on the site of the second moalr. Traction force was gained by the intermaxillary orthodontic elastics which were hooked by orthodontic brackets on the labial surfaces of the upper and lower anterior and premolar teeth. After 8 weeks of traction treatment, the joint pain was subsided completely and the anterior open bite was closed to get an edge to edge relationship of anterior teeth.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.13-18
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• 1996

A general description of sprinkler activation time in compartment-fire-generated smoke layers is made. For calculation of the time hot layer temperature is obtained from two-layer zonal model and time constant of sprinkler is measured. Upper-layer thickness at the instant of sprinkler activation is also presented with changes of opening area. The output of the present study provide inputs for the interaction modeling of sprinkler spray and compartment fire environment, which simulates fire suppression phenomena. Futhermore, experiments are performed in mock-up with gasoline pool fire in order to evaluate the reliability of the model.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.624-629
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• 1987

Tuberculosis is one of the most common chronic disease. While the disease process may involve anywhere of the body, tuberculosis of anterior mediastinum which forming tumor like mass was not recognized commonly. We experienced a surgical case of tuberculous empyema thoracis at anterior mediastinum in 16 year old boy. Preoperatively, he was diagnosed to anterior mediastinal tumor such as teratoma or dermoid cyst by routine study. Operation was performed by midline sternotomy extending over right 4th intercostal space. The mass was elongated football shaped [20x16x15] and markedly adhered to right side of pericardium, upper 8< lower lobe of the right lung. Opening the mass, enormous pus-like material was evacuated and excised segmentally with decortication. Postoperative pathologic diagnosis was tuberculous empyema thoracis and granuloma.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.401-404
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• 2011

With the Westernization and opening of our society, adolescents' smoking is increasing and being popularized. Many adolescents start smoking at an early age out of curiosity and venturesomeness, and earlier start of smoking makes it more difficult to quit smoking. Adolescents' habitual smoking not only becomes a gateway to all kinds of substance abuse but also causes various health problems including upper respiratory infection, immature lung development, reduced maximum vital capacity, and lung cancer. Therefore, it is quite important to prevent adolescents from smoking. The lowering of adolescents' smoking rate cannot be achieved only through social restrictions such as stereotyped education on the harms of smoking and ID checking. In order to lower adolescents' smoking rate substantially, each area of society should develop standardized programs and make related efforts. As adolescents' smoking is highly influenced by home environment or school life, it is necessary to make efforts in effective education and social reinforcement in school, to establish related norms, and to execute preventive education using peer groups. When these efforts are spread throughout society in cooperation with homes and communities, they will be helpful to protect adolescents' health and improve their quality of life.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.1143-1156
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• 2016

This paper presents a comparative study of finite element method (FEM) and analytical method for the plane problem of a layered composite containing an internal perpendicular crack in literature. The layered composite consists of two elastic layers having different elastic constants and heights. External load is applied to the upper elastic layer by means o a rigid punch and the lower elastic layer rests on two simple supports. Numerical simulations are realized by the world wide code ANYS software. Two dimensional analysis of the problem is carried out and the results are verified by comparison with solutions reported in literature. Main goal of the numerical simulation is to investigate the normal stress ${\sigma}_x$(0, y), stress intensity factors at the crack factor and the crack opening displacements.