• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2005

The coverage of soft tissue defects around the knee joint or upper one third of lower leg presents a difficult challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Various reconstructive choices are available depending on the location, size and depth of the defect. The authors present their clinical application of a medial sural artery perforator island flap as a useful alternative method for upper one third of lower leg and knee reconstruction. From 2002 to 2004, we operated total 4 patients (total 4 flaps) using the medial sural artey perforator island flap for coverage of the defect on upper one third of lower leg and knee, of 4 patients, 3 patients was men and one was woman. Average patient age was 54.6 years. The largest flap obtained was 10x8cm2. Postoperative follow up of the patients ranged from two to 33 months. In two cases, defects was located on upper one third of lower leg and in other two cases, defects were on the knee. All four cases had bone exposure open wound. In angiography, 2 cases had injured in the anterior tibial artery, 1 case had injured in the posterior tibial artery. There were no diabetes or other vascular disease. All 4 flaps were survived completely, without minor complications such as venous congestion and hematoma. Donor morbidity was restricted substantially to the donor linear scar. There were no functional impairment. As the main advantages of the medial sural perforator island flap, it ensures constant location and reliable blood supply without sacrificing any main source artery or damaging underlying muscle. This procedure is valuable extension of local flap for defect coverage with minimal functional deficit donor site and good aesthetic result on the defect. We consider it as one of the useful methods of the upper one third of lower leg and knee reconstruction.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 2024

Purpose: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in Korea, and the proportion of upper-third gastric cancers has been steadily increasing over the last two decades. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tumor location on gastric cancer prognosis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 2,466 patients who underwent gastrectomy for pathologically proven gastric cancer between January 2011 and December 2016. The patients were divided into an upper-third group (U group; n=419, 17.0%) and a middle- and lower-third group (ML group; n=2,047, 83.0%). Clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) after surgery were compared. Results: The U group had more advanced disease than the ML group and a higher incidence of N3b disease for T3 (12.0% vs. 4.9%, p=0.023) and T4 tumors (33.3% vs. 17.5%, p=0.001). The 5-year RFS rate for stage III disease was marginally lower in the U group than that in the ML group (47.1% vs. 56.7%, p=0.082). The upper third location was an independent prognostic factor for both OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.350; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.065-1.711) and RFS (HR, 1.430; 95% CI, 1.080-1.823). Conclusions: Upper-third gastric cancer shows extensive node metastasis compared to those located more distally in ≥T3 tumors. The upper third location is an independent prognostic factor for both OS and RFS and may have an adverse impact on RFS, particularly in patients with stage III gastric cancer.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-43
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• 1963

A rare case of a fused teeth on the side of upper left third molar was observed from a 28 years old Korean male. The characteristics were as follows: 1)The upper third molar fusrd with the suppernumerary tooth .2)The crown part of the fused teeth were separated and the root were fused. 3)On the x-ray finding. the pulp chamber was two , but it had only one pulp canal.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.543-545
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• 2008

The Inner Arch developed several softwares: $\circ$ One dedicated to solid propulsion project : APSOL $\circ$ One dedicated to liquid propulsion projects ELIS A third one, PERFOL, is used to optimize the trajectory and the propulsion parameters The paper will describe the main software used for this study and illustrate the interest of these tools to make the first design of a new version of a launch vehicle with optimisation both of intrinsic propulsion parameters and of the trajectory.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1989

Celiac plexus block is recommended in patients with intractable upper abdominal cancer pain. The success rate of a celiac plexus block is variable among the authors. One of the causes of this is the anatomical variations of the celiac plexus. There has not been a study concerning anatomical observations of the celiac plexus in Korean cadavers. So, anatomical dissections were performed and observations were made of the celiac plexus and related structures in Korean cadavers. The results were as follows: 1) The subjects were 21 male bodies and 5 female bodies. The mean age at death was $69.9{\pm}15.5$ years (range 37~93). The mean height was $155.5{\pm}8.3\;cm$ (range 143~172). 2) The number of celiac ganglia ranged from 1~4. The mean numbers were $2.3{\pm}1.9$ in the right plexus and $1.9{\pm}0.8$ in the left, and the mean sizes were $18.9{\pm}7.7{\times}8.0{\pm}3.8\;mm^2$ and $18.5{\pm}8.3{\times}9.5{\pm}3.9\;mm^2$ respectively. 3) Celiac ganglia were most frequently located at the level of the upper third and middle third of L1 in both sides (65.5% in right, 64.0% in left). The vertical range of celiac ganglia ranged from 1 space, which is one third the height of one vertebral body, to 4 spaces. Mean vertical ranges were $1.5{\pm}0.6$ spaces in the right plexus and $1.6{\pm}0.7$ spaces in the left. The celiac ganglia located at the level of the upper third of L1 in the right and the lower third of L1 in the left side, had the largest vertical ranges respectively ($1.8{\pm}0.5$ spaces in right, $2.3{\pm}0.6$ spaces in left) 4) Right side celiac ganglia were located near the midline of the vertebrae compared to the left ones (mean 5.0 mm) The horizontal dimension was greater in the right ganglia ($24.2{\pm}9.2\;mm$) than in the left ganglia ($l8.8{\pm}7.0\;mm$). 5) There was no vertebral level difference between both celiac ganglia in most cases (60%). However, of the 40% of cases at different levels, in half of these (20%) the right ganglia were located higher than the left ganglia; and in the other 20%, this was reversed. 6) The origin sites of the celiac artery were most frequently in the upper third and middle third of L1 (61.6%). The celiac ganglia were usually located at the same level as the site of origin of the celiac artery (61.6% in right, 52.0% in left). 7) The vertebral level of the splanchnic nerves piercing the abdominal surface of the diaphragm was most frequently in the upper third and middle third of L1 (66.6% in right, 66.7% in left). 8) The level of the origin of diaphragmatic crura from the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies varied from the L1-L2 interspace to the L3-L4 interspace. Right crura most frequently originated at the level of the lower third of L2 to the upper third of L3 (57.6%), while left crura originated from the level of the L2-L3 interspace to the middle third of L3 (69.3%). From the above results, we realized that there were some anatomical variations of the celiac plexus and its relations to adjacent structures in Korean bodies. However, when the needle point is behind the anterior margin of the upper third of L1, it is possible to perform a successful retrocrural splanchnic nerve block.

• 복식
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2001

This study, dealing with obese bodily figures from the viewpoint of garment shape, was conducted with obese male children of late school ages(nine to eleven years old) to provide data for making ready-made clothing for obese children by directly measuring and analysing the bodily figure of the upper body of them. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. According to the basic statistics, for most of obese children the values of the measuring items by ages appeared to be large, and the results of comparison with the National Anthropometric Survey of Korea made in 1997 showed that the values were more large than those of standard physical conditions. 2. It was shown that in the correlation between items the upper breast circumference had a high correlation with all items, and the weight did with the following items such as circumference, height, width and thickness. 3. The results of the principal component analysis showed that six main components hand an explainable power of more than 75.60% for all materials. The first factor was thickness and obesity of the upper body, the second one the height, the third one the length of front and rear sides, the fourth one the width of neck, the fifth one the length of shoulder, and the sixth one the breast width and the wrist circumference.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2010

Objectives and Methods: The present study was performed to investigate acupuncture point location of SI11 through reviewing literatures. Results: 1. The first description of the location of SI11 appeared in "ChimGuGabEulGyong(ZhenjiuJiayiJing)", however the point description was not precise. 2. The first proportional measurement for SI11 showed up after Ching dynasty, which describes "SI11 is the point obliquely superiour 1.7 B-cun and transeversly interior to SI9" however this does not match the present WHO's standard location of SI11. 3. The WHO standard location of SI11 is in the scapular region, in the depression between the upper one third and lower two thirds of the line connecting the midpoint of the spine of the scapula with the inferior angle of the scapula, but there is no evidence to support this in classical literatures. 4. Based on myology and theories of meridian, we suggest that it is more reasonable to locate SI11 at the point in the depression between the upper two third and lower one thirds, not the upper one third and lower two thirds, of the line connecting the midpoint of the spine of the scapula with the inferior angle of the scapula. Conclusions: More studies are needed for the more reliable standard location of SI11.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose is to present an useful and simple surgical method to improve the aging of upper third face in patients with high frontal hairline as well as low frontal hairline. Methods: Forty eight female patients were treated with subcutaneous forehead lift using an anterior hairline incision over 14 years. This surgical technique is performed under direct vision utilizing a beveled incision made 4 to 5 mm into the anterior hairline with subcutaneous dissection, which is continued near to eyebrow, sometimes extended to supraorbital rim to remove corrugator and procerus muscles. In patients with high frontal hairline, excess forehead skin anterior to incision line is removed. On the contrary in the patients with low frontal hairline, scalp posterior to incision line is removed. Results: This technique provided constant and good results with the forty six patients, who were satisfied with eyebrow elevation and removal of wrinkles in forehead and glabellar region. However two patients were undercorrected, and focal alopecia developed in another two patients. One patient complained of pruritus over one year, but subsided spontaneously without any treatment. Temporary paresthesia developed in the forehead and frontal scalp of all cases after operation but permanent sensory loss never occurred in all the patients. Conclusion: Subcutaneous forehead lift using an anterior hairline incision is suggested to be one of the effective surgical methods to improve the aging of upper third face in the patients with high frontal hairline as well as low frontal hairline.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2012

An industrial safety helmet primarily intended to protect the wearer's head. It is to prevent or reduce the danger due to flying or dropping objects, falling and prevent the danger due to an electric shock given to the head. However, thermal discomfort of the head is one of the main complaints in the case of wearing safety helmet. Ventilation holes are not allowed in safety helmets on domestic regulations except for industrial safety helmets which are to protect wearer's head against flying or dropping objects. This paper is to produce the need for enlargement of allowing on ventilation holes' regulation to class B. This study reviewed foreign standards' regulations on ventilation holes of safety helmets. Some standards recommend that ventilation may be improved when fresh air is able to enter the helmet around its lower edge and to exit via holes in the helmet located in the upper one third of the helmet. And in the experiments, relationships of ventilation holes and the temperature over the head are analyzed. The experimental results show that the cooling effect of ventilation holes in the upper one third of the helmet is meaningful.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.194-203
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• 2024

The anatomical variations of coracobrachialis muscle (CBM) are of great clinical importance. This study aimed to elucidate the morphological variations, innervation patterns and musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) relation to CBM. Upper limbs of fifty cadavers (30 males and 20 females) were examined for proximal and distal attachments, innervation pattern of CBM and its relation to MCN. Four morphological types of CBM were identified according to number of its heads. The commonest type was the two-headed (63.0%) followed by the single belly (22.0%), three-headed (12.0%) and lastly four-headed (3.0%) type. Moreover, an abnormal insertion of CBM was observed in four left limbs (4.0%); one inserting into the medial humeral epicondyle, the second into the upper third of humeral shaft, the third one in the common tendon of biceps, and the fourth one showing a bifurcated insertion. Also, four different innervation patterns of CBM were identified including MCN (80.0%), lateral cord (14.0%), lateral root of median nerve (4.0%), and median nerve itself (2.0%). The course of MCN was superficial to the single belly CBM (19.0%) and in-between the heads in the other types (71.0%). Measurements of the length and original distance of CBM muscular branches originating from MCN revealed no sex or side significant difference. Awareness of the anatomic variations, innervation patterns, and MCN relation of CBM is imperative in recent diagnostic and surgical procedures to obtain definite diagnosis, effective management and good outcome.