• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.600-613
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide Torso pattern for Korean middle-aged women using 3D human body scan data. 155 women in their 40's or 50's were measured by Martin's anthropometry. Merging the data of 914 middle aged women provided by Korean agency for technology and standards, total of 1,069 subjects' data were analyzed. For data analysis, ANOVA, factor analysis and cluster analysis were done using SPSS PC+. And representative subject of each cluster was selected and they participated in 3D scanning and Torso pattern suggested for middle-aged women Torso pattern which investing the amount of ease according to each group for diffuse front interscye 30%, armscye circumference 30%, back interscye 40% using 3D human body scan data. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, as a result of the factor analysis, the first factor was 'obesity index of body', The second factor was 'verticality size of body', The third factor was 'verticality length of upper bodice', The fourth factor was 'drop value to represent silhouette', and the fifth factor was 'physique of upper bodice'. And, middle-aged women type were classified 3 types according to the cluster analysis. Type 1(Y-type) was the long upper Torso with wide shoulder. Type 2(H-type) was flat-body type with comparatively thin upper bodice and thin lower bodice. And type 3(A-type) was the obese type with comparatively thin upper bodice and fat lower bodice. Secondly, using CAD program, point filtering was performed and approximated surface model was made. It used that generated surface smoothing corrected for abnormally extruded points and scattered points based on the curvature information. And 3D surfaces were flatted onto the plane by the internal tools of CAD program. Difference ratios of outline length and area between 3D curves and 2D plane were 0.42% and 0.54%, respectively. Third, wearing test by the sensory evaluation showed that distinct difference almost every category. The movement functionality test shows that, in all the tests which reveal significant differences, especially, 'comparison pattern A' experienced inconvenience to neck width and neck depth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.852-859
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• 1996

The factors and mechanism of arm surface changes were analyzed by regression analysis for the relationship between changes in arm joint angle and arm surface changes, according to the direction of upper extremity motion. Body surface change patterns among subjects were tested also. Experiments were carried out on 3 female subjects of different body types to examine 26 motions in 4 directions for 4 upper extremity parts. The major conclusions of the study are as follows: 1. The expansion or contraction of arm surface length depends on the direction of upper extremity motion. 2. Arm surface length changes by linear expansion or contraction according to the joint angle of the direction of motion. The mechanism of arm surface changes is represented by a linear relation between arm surface changes and the (actors of the direction of upper extremity motion and arm joint angle. 3. Arm surface length shows the same pattern of body surface changes regardless of body type. A quantitative model of body surface changes at upper extremity should be developed for functional sleeve design.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 1998

This study was carried out on 132 obese women who satisfied both of the conditions for the obesity: over 1.6 in Rohrer index and over 90cm in bust girth. The purpose of the study was to classify the body types of the obese women and find out their respective characteristics. The characteristics of the body shape were as follows. The one was that the height of the front waist was higher than that of the back waist. The other was that the depth of the front abdomen was high, which implies the protruding of the abdominal region. Five factors were extracted as the result of the factor analysis. Body types were classified 4 types(type 1 : long upper torso, type 2 : obese torso, type 3 : short and less upper torso, type 4 : obese arms and legs) according to the cluster analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1547-1557
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find the profitable clothes design of middle-aged men by examining visual effects in physical design. The methode of study is experimentation. The sample of this study is people who live in Kwangiu, Korea and 20-50 age's 719. The difference of physical design effect by arrangement, pattern and the shape of body. There are partly resemblance difference in physical design visual effect by the shape of body and clothes design(arrangement and pattern)In weak type, single suit with striped pattern and double suit with check pattern make the upper body look short. Otherwise, double suit with striped pattern have man look tall. In standard type, single arrangement suit with striped pattern make the lower half of body long, so make man look tall. And double arrangement suit with striped pattern have man look tall. The suit without pattern have one's shoulder look wide. In pyknic type, striped pattern make the lower half of one's body look long. But single arrangement with striped pattern have the upper body look big. sing1e suit with striped pattern make lower half of body look long and check pattern make it look short. Totally, arrangement, and pattern are very important clothes due to give an effect on whole visual effect man's suit. Also, these dues were felt differently by each types of body. So, it is confirmed that the type of body is important fluent to make people perceive.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.269-276
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to develop clothing size system according to each size interval for obese girls aged 10~12 by classifying the upper bodies. The criteria for subjects in this study were girls who had over 1.46 of the R$\ddot{o}$hrer Index. A total of 229 schoolgirls who met these criteria were enrolled. Results are as follows; 1st, 5 factors were extracted by factor analysis and 3 clusters were categorized by cluster analysis, cylinder-type, inverted triangle-type and inverted trapezoid-type. And 2nd, as a consequence of size system establishment, the basic body sizes and reference body sizes were different according to types even in commonly-appeared size names at sections of respective types. The research findings above suggest that it is necessary to figure out the obesity types according to height and bust girth sizes representing basic sizes and to design the patterns in consideration of the characteristics of obese body shapes. And it may be used as a basic data to decide the desirable output of production according to respective body types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.1 s.160
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• pp.44-56
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to provide fundamental data on the development of dress shirts pattern appropriate for the body types of athletes. The research subjects are 257 athletes from wrestling, bodybuilding, weight lifting, Judo, canoe, rowing. In regards to the category used in the measurement of bust somatotype, there are 48 types directly measured, 4 types indirectly measured, 7 types calculated and 1 bodyweight of type, making it 60 categories in total. The bust somatotype of a sports athlete and general person were compared together and after examining the characteristics of the bust somatotype, the somatotype of sports athlete was divided according to drop. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Questionnaire Results of the questionnaire showed that 63.4% of the respondents chose dress shirt as the most uncomfortable upper garment for athletes. And as for the result of the most uncomfortable body part turned out to be 'the neck is tight'. 2. Somatotype Analysis Results of direct, indirect measurement and the average somatotype of 97 National standard physique were compared. The characteristics of somatotype of athletes with well-developed upper body are that they are taller and have longer upper body and arms than the general person. And also the width of the trunk is wider, the girth bigger and the waist measure relatively slimmer. Looking at sports by category, it we could see that wrestlers were the largest neck parameter and width. Bodybuilders were the largest body parts for most categories. Weight lifting and Judo athletes were the largest waist and buttock. Canoe and rowing athletes were the largest height and arm parts. Dividing the somatotype of athletes according to drop, 72.8% of the research group belonged to the body type that resembled the letter Y.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to classify the somatotype around a upper body of 30's men. The subjects were 202 working men aged from 30 to 39 and the data of 33 items including computed items were analysed by factor analysis and cluster analysis. Re results were as follows: As a factor of somatotype in evaluating males in 30's, the horizontal area represented the chest circumference at scye and the breadth items, the vortical region indicated hit length posterior, front length, back length, the breadth difference and the length difference. The somatotype by cluster analysis was classified with 3 type. Type I as the Roher's index 1.21 indicating the smallest in the circumference and weight item was classified as the thin and long featuring bending somatotype. Type 2 with the Rohrer's index 1.35 showing the mid-group between type 1 and 3 had the highest distribution rate as the balanced featuring the standard somatotype. Type 3 as the rohrer's index 1.40 was the largest physical condition group in the obesity featuring the turning over somatotype.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.99-110
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• 2020

In terms of junior high school girls' growth patterns during early adolescence, are unlike childhood when relatively balanced growth patterns are found and high school years in which the normal adult body type is nearly reached, growth patterns displayed are imbalanced and rapid. In fact, diverse size changes by body part growth occur significantly different from individual to individual. Therefore, it has been hard for junior high school students to select their proper size when buying school uniforms. This study attempted to acquire basic data needed to address adolescent body shapes and school uniform patterns for junior high school girls, using the data from the 7th Size Korea Survey (2015). Specifically, it provides basic data for the development of school uniform patterns through the classification of their body into particular types, After extracting body shape components and a cluster analysis using ANOVA. According to a factor analysis conducted to determine body shape components, six factors were obtained: Factor 1: bulk and horizontal size, Factor 2: body height and length, Factor 3: shoulder shape and length, Factor 4: shape of upper body, Factor 5: lower drop, Factor 6: upper drop with a variance of 81.46%. To classify junior high school girls' body shape and determine their characteristics, a cluster analysis was performed with the variables obtained using factor analysis. Body shape was classified into three different types: Type 1 accounted for 30.7%. This was a short, slender body with the smallest bulk, size, and upper drop. Type 2 accounted for 24.9%. This was the largest in bulk and horizontal size and highest and length as well. Type 3 accounted for 44.5%. This type was close to average in terms of horizontal size, length and height, and high drop values. To develop school uniforms with great accuracy and body fit for junior high school students, there should be further studies on changes in body shape and their causes. The study results can serve as basic data for comparing branded school uniform patterns for junior high school girls and developing school uniform patterns based on body shape, using 3D virtual clothing simulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.311-323
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• 2012

This study establishes the initial data to develop a well-fitted underwear pattern by categorizing and analyzing torso types based on body measurements of women in their 50s and 60s. The results are as follows: First, the statistical assessment on the body measurements showed meaningful differences among age groups in twenty seven items (except for bust breadth, hip width armscye depth, hip depth, neck base circumference, armscye circumference, chest circumference, hip circumference, bishoulder length, shoulder length, front interscye, back interscye, weight and inclined angle of left shoulder). Women in their early 50s and late 60s (respectively) showed the highest values in height and depth. Second, there are five body factors according to the results of the factor analysis: Factor 1 (circumference, width, and depth of upper body measurements) - the degree of body depth and obesity, Factor 2 (height and vertical length) - The vertical torso length, Factor 3 - the size of shoulder, Factor 4 - the vertical upper body length, and Factor 5 - the size of shoulder angle. Third, the results of the cluster analysis showed that there are four distinctive body types. The largest number of the study subjects was related to Type 3 (30.69%), followed by Type 2 (26.78%), Type 1 (25.84%), and Type 4 (16.69%), respectively. For distribution of age groups by body type, Type 3 was the most common among the 60s group while Type 2 appeared most frequently among the 50s.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.230-237
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• 2022

It is difficult to predict industrial accidents in the construction industry because many accident factors, such as human-related factors and environment-related factors, affect the accidents. Many studies have analyzed the severity of injuries and types of accidents; however, there were few studies on the prediction of injured body parts. This study aims to develop a classification model to predict the part of the injured body based on accident-related factors. Construction accident cases from June 2018 to July 2021 provided by the Korea Construction Safety Management Integrated Information were collected through web crawling and then preprocessed. A naïve Bayes classifier, one of the supervised learning algorithms, was employed to construct a classification model of the injured body part, which has four categories: 1) torso, 2) upper extremity, 3) head, and 4) lower extremity. The predictor variables are accident type, type of work, facility type, injury source, and activity type. As a result, the average accuracy for each injured body part was 50.4%. The accuracy of the upper extremity and lower extremity was relatively higher than the cases of the torso and head. Unlike the other classifications, such as spam mail filtering, a naïve Bayes classifier does not provide a good classification performance in construction accidents. The reasons are discussed in the study. Based on the results of this study, more detailed guidelines for construction safety management can be provided, which help establish safety measures at the construction site.