• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to present controversial point and reform measurements by analysing factors haying important effect on selection of upper gastrointestinal study in total health promotion. We examined 200 persons for this study, who visited for upper gastrointestinal study from January to February in 1999. We classified this group into Endoscopy, Upper gastrointestinal series, and sleeping endoscopy. We also investigated standard of satisfaction and factors having effect on selection of each study. As a results, in the motive of selection, Item of 'making accurate observation' and 'without pain' was 39.3% and 34.7%, respectively. In this study, sleeping endoscopy was 45.7%, but on the other side upper gastrointestinal series was low 22.6%(P<0.05). In the standard of preference of study, the man was 55.7% in the endoscopy, and the woman was 61.8% in the upper gastrointestinal series(P<0.05). The standard of preference of upper gastrointestinal series show that it was satisfied on the whole irrespective of sex, dwelling place, age, occupation, and level of education. In the selection of study, one's own will was showed the highest frequency, and family inducement was showed second(P<0.05). Persons over 60% were examined before the same study. Selection of upper gastrointestinal series was 47.9% of person with normal findings, and endoscopy and sleeping endoscopy was over 70% with gastritis, gastric and duodenal(P<0.01). For one's accurate selection of examination, it is important that objective and credible information should be given to a recipient for examination.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.987-992
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• 2008

This study was carried out to understand the macroscopic aspects of the digestive system symptoms occurring after taking oriental herb complex decoction as observing morphological changes in esophagus, stomach and duodenal bulb by endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract when these symptoms developed. The subjects of this study were 46 patients (male 22, female 24, mean age : $54.72{\pm}14.26$ years) who were chosen among ones who took oriental herb complex decoction for medical care and developed symptoms related to the gastrointestinal tract while taking an oriental herb decoction, which were assumed that the digestive symptoms were newly developed because of administration. The subjects were given morphological examination by endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. As a result of the endoscopy operated due to the digestive symptoms developed during the administration of oriental herb decoction, there were 2 cases of esophagitis, 5 cases of acute gastritis, 1 case of chronic gastritis A type, 15 cases of chronic gastritis B type, 1 case of duodenitis, 1 case of gastric ulcer, 1 case of gastric polyp, 2 cases of intestinal metaplasia, 1 case of gastric ptosis and 17 cases of normal findings which didn't have any abnormality macroscopically with endoscopy. With regards to the patients who complained of the digestive symptoms after taking oriental herb decoction, it has been found that the symptoms occurred as the oriental herbal medicine taken by the patients who had the digestive symptoms at ordinary times influenced on the gastrointestinal tract. Especially, many of them were had chronic gastritis and functional dyspepsia in the past. The disease accompanying macroscopic lesions at endoscopy which occurred due to the oriental herb decoction as direct cause, was acute gastritis, and it was the prescription to cure the pains and inflammations of skeletomuscular disease.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine a distribution of sasang constitution among dyspepsia patients, and to weigh their symptoms score. Methods : We surveyed symptoms of dyspepsia and QSCCII in one hundred dyspepsia patients who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Results : In distribution of sasang constitution in total dyspepsia patients group and distribution according to the result of endoscopy, ratio and symptoms score of So-Eum-tn were higher than the others. However the differences were not statistically significant. According to symptoms score by age, symptoms score of Tae-Eum-In in patients above 35 years old group was higher than the others. In patients group under 35 years old, symptoms score of So- Yang-In is higher than the others. However in neither group was this statistically significant.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.414-423
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• 2019

Purpose: This study evaluates the effect of behavioral relaxation training on distress and cancer screening intention of patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods: The research was conducted in a non-equivalent control group posttest design. Data were collected from endoscopy subjects in B city from October to November of 2018. Fifteen minutes of behavioral relaxation training were provided to the experimental group (n=40) and traditional relaxation therapy methods were provided to the control group (n=40). Outcome measures were distress and cancer screening intention of patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Data were analyzed with a ${\chi}^2$-test, independent t-test, Fisher's exact test with SPSS/PC version 23.0. Results: The objective discomfort (t=8.81, p<.001) of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group; there were no significant differences in the subjective discomfort (t=1.73, p=.088). The cancer screening intention (t=-5.85, p<.001) of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: Behavioral relaxation training was effective in heightening cancer screening intention. Therefore it can be usefully applied to increase cancer screening intention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2533-2540
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• 2013

Background: Although screening is necessary where gastric cancer is particularly common in Asia, the performance outcomes of mass screening programs have remained unclear. This study was conducted to evaluate cost-effectiveness outcomes of the national cancer screening program (NCSP) for gastric cancer in South Korea. Materials and Methods: People aged 40 years or over during 2002-2003 (baseline) were the target population. Screening recipients and patients diagnosed with gastric cancers were identified using the NCSP and Korea Central Cancer Registry databases. Clinical outcomes were measured in terms of mortality and life-years saved (LYS) of gastric cancer patients during 7 years based on merged data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation and National Statistical Office. We considered direct, indirect, and productivity-loss costs associated with screening attendance. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) estimates were produced according to screening method, sex, and age group compared to non-screening. Results: The age-adjusted ICER for survival was 260,201,000-371,011,000 Korean Won (KW; 1USD=1,088 KW) for the upper-gastrointestinal (UGI) tract over non-screening. Endoscopy ICERs were lower (119,099,000-178,700,000 KW/survival) than UGI. To increase 1 life-year, additional costs of approximately 14,466,000-15,014,000 KW and 8,817,000-9,755,000 KW were required for UGI and endoscopy, respectively. Endoscopy was the most cost-effective strategy for males and females. With regard to sensitivity analyses varying based on the upper age limit, endoscopy NCSP was dominant for both males and females. For males, an upper limit of age 75 or 80 years could be considered. ICER estimates for LYS indicate that the gastric cancer screening program in Korea is cost-effective. Conclusion: Endoscopy should be recommended as a first-line method in Korea because it is beneficial among the Korean population.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2003

Caustic ingestion can produce a progressive and devastating injury to the esophagus and stomach, In the acute stage, perforation and necrosis may occur. Long-term complications include esophageal stricture, antral stenosis and the development of esophageal cancer. Endoscopy should be performed as soon as possible in all cases to evaluate the extent and severity of damage, unless there is evidence of perforation. Endoscopy is the diagnostic procedure of choice. However, when the endoscopy cannot be passed through due to esophageal stricture, upper GI barium studies may be useful as a follow-up measure and in the evaluation of complications. A 44-year-old man visited our hospital complaining frequent vomiting 1 hour after ingestion of unknown amount of hydrochloric acid. At the time of arrival, the patient's oral cavity was slightly swollen and erythematous. On the endoscopic examination fourteen hour after the caustic ingestion, marked swelling of the arytenoids and circumferential ulceration with brown and black pigmentation at the upper esophagus were observed. Four weeks after the caustic injury, upper esophageal narrowing was observed and then the scope could not be advanced to the stomach. Upper GI barium study performed at that time revealed diffuse luminal narrowing of the esophagus and concentric luminal narrowing from prepyloric antrum to pylorus with disturbance of barium passage. At a week after the Upper GI study, through endoscopic examination after bougie dilatation of the esophagus, barium impaction in the stomach and the pylorus was noticed.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.558-562
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• 2018

Background/Aims: While the occurrence of multiple whitish flat elevated lesions (MWFL) was first reported in 2007, no studies on MWFL have been published to date. The present retrospective observational study aimed to clarify the endoscopic findings and clinicopathological features of MWFL. Methods: Subjects were consecutive patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as part of routine screening between April 2014 and March 2015. The conventional white-light, non-magnifying and magnifying narrow-band images were reviewed. Clinical features were compared between patients with and without MWFL. Results: The conventional endoscopic findings of MWFL include multiple whitish, flat, and slightly elevated lesions of various sizes, mainly located in the gastric body and fundus. Narrow-band imaging enhanced the contrast of MWFL and background mucosa, and magnifying narrow-band imaging depicted a uniformly long, narrow, and elliptical marginal crypt epithelium with an unclear microvascular pattern. Histopathological findings revealed hyperplastic changes of the foveolar epithelium, and parietal cell protrusions and oxyntic gland dilatations were observed in the fundic glands, without any intestinal metaplasia. The rate of acid-reducing drug use was significantly higher in patients with MWFL than in those without (100% [13/13] vs. 53.7% [88/164], p<0.001). Conclusions: The present study indicated a relationship between the presence and endoscopic features of MWFL and history of acid-reducing drug use.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.66-76
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• 2023

Endoscopy is an important noninvasive procedure for patients with gastrointestinal problems. However, surgical techniques are shifting to laparoscopic surgery, and changes in endoscopic findings after laparoscopic surgery differ from those after previous surgical methods. Postoperative endoscopic findings differ from normal anatomical structures, and findings reportedly vary depending on the type of surgical technique. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the surgical and endoscopic findings for each surgical method from the surgeon's point of view. The causes of gastric emptying delay, bleeding, afferent loop syndrome, or anastomosis leakage occurring after gastric cancer surgery can be identified via upper gastrointestinal endoscopy that is relatively less invasive than the surgical method. Regarding postoperative anastomosis leakage, endoscopy can directly evaluate the degree of leakage at the anastomosis site more accurately than computed tomography and enable immediate intervention. As endoscopy is less invasive than the surgical method, patients can be evaluated and treated more safely. However, coordination between the surgeon and the endoscopist is necessary to perform the procedures effectively. Therefore, reviewing the changes in surgical and endoscopic findings is important.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.274-287
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was aimed to figure out an agreement between the diagnosis of nasal endoscopy and a preexisting questionnaire focusing on Cold-Heat pattern. Methods: 52 patients with cough who met the criteria filled out a pattern questionnaire and the examiner looked at their nasal cavities through nasal endoscopy. According to the checked questionnaire results, the subjects were identified by 6 patterns. After examining subject's mucous membrane of oropharynx and nasal cavity through nasal endoscopy, we classified each to the Cold or Heat group. Correlation between questionnaire and nasal endoscopy results was analyzed. Results: In diagnosing Cold-Heat, there was no significant difference by McNemar test (p=0.227) between nasal endoscopy and the questionnaire, and the two methods agreed moderately (${\kappa}=0.428$). The color of mucous membrane of oropharynx and the Cold-Heat pattern on questionnaire agreed slightly (${\kappa}=0.133$). The color of mucous membrane of nasal cavity and the Cold-Heat pattern on questionnaire agreed fairly (${\kappa}=0.384$). In the patients with cough related to upper respiratory tract, they got higher diagnosis accuracy than the patients with cough related to lower respiratory tract did. Similarly, external cough patients got higher diagnosis accuracy than internal cough patients did. Conclusions: To identify Cold or Heat, examining oropharynx and nasal cavity using nasal endoscopy is a meaningful method in patients with cough, showing that two diagnosis methods which use nasal endoscopy and questionnaire agreed moderately. Especially, it is more useful diagnosing patients with cough related to the upper respiratory tract than diagnosing the patients with cough related to the lower respiratory tract.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.512-522
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• 2023

Purpose: Dental floss clip (DFC) traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely performed owing to its simplicity. This study aimed to clarify the appropriate indications for the DFC traction method in early gastric cancer when ESD is performed by less-experienced endoscopists. Methods and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1,014 consecutive patients who had undergone gastric ESD performed by less-experienced endoscopists between January 2015 and December 2020. Gastric ESD was performed without DFC in all cases before December 2017 [DFC (-) group, 376 cases], and ESD was performed with DFC in all cases after January 2018 [DFC (+) group, 436 cases]. The procedure time and rates of en bloc resection, complete resection, and adverse events of the groups were compared. Results: The procedure time did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. However, when comparing lesions >20 mm, the procedure time in the DFC (+) group was significantly shorter than that in the DFC (-) group (95±46 vs. 75±31, P<0.01). The procedure time for lesions located in the greater curvature of the upper or middle stomach and lesions >20 mm located in the lesser curvature side of the stomach in the DFC (+) group was significantly shorter than that in the DFC (-) group. Conclusions: The indications for DFC during gastric ESD by less-experienced endoscopists include lesions located in the greater curvature of the upper or middle stomach, and lesions >20 mm located in the lesser curvature of the stomach.