• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2005

The range of hardware implementation increases in communication systems as high-speed processing is required for high data rate. In the broadband wireless access (BWA) system based on IEEE standard 802.16 the functions of higher part in the MAC layer to Provide data needed for generating MAC PDU are implemented in software, and the tasks from formatting MAC PDUs by using those data to transmitting the messages in a modem are implemented in hardware. In this paper, the interface hardware for efficient message exchange between MAC and PHY layers in the BWA system is designed. The hardware performs the following functions including those of the transmission convergence(TC) sublayer; (1) formatting TC PDU(Protocol data unit) from/to MAC PDU, (2) Reed-solomon(RS) encoding/decoding, and (3) resolving DL MAP and UL MAP, so that it controls transmission slot and uplink and downlink traffic according to the modulation scheme of burst profile. Also, it provides various control signal for PHY modem. In addition, the truncated binary exponential backoff (TBEB) algorithm is implemented in a subscriber station to avoid collision on contention-based transmission of messages. The VLSI architecture performing all these functions is implemented and verified in VHDL.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.4C
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• pp.341-348
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a grouping technique for the SDD(Synchronous Digital Duplexing) based on OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access). The SDD has advantages of increasing data efficiency and flexibility of resource since SDD can transmit uplink signals and downlink signals simultaneously by using mutual time information and mutual channel information, obtained during mutual ranging process. However, the SDD has a disadvantage of requiring additional CS to maintain orthogonality of OFDMA symbols when the sum of mutual time difference and mutual channel length between AP(access point) and SS(subscriber station) or among SSs are larger than CP length. In order to minimize the length of CS for the case of requiring additional CS in SDD, we proposes a grouping technique which controls transmit timing and receive timing of AP and SS in a cell by classifying them into groups. Performances of the proposed grouping technique are evaluated by computer simulation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.8C
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• pp.742-749
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose mitigation techniques using time-domain shortening filter (TSF) and frequency-domain shortening filter (FSF) to overcome inter-block interference (IBn and inter-carrier interference (ICn due to the time difference of arrival (TDoA) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) between downlink and uplink signals from access point (AP) and subscriber station (SS) in synchronous digital duplexing (SDD)/orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems for indoor wireless communication. The proposed TSF and FSF maximize SIR for shortening in time (SIRST) and SINR for shortening in frequency (SINRSF), respectively, by using channel impulse responses and timing information among stations, obtained from mutual ranging procedure. It is verified by computer simulation that the proposed TSF and FSF reduce effectively the effects of IBI and ICI in the SDD/OFDMA systems.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.518-532
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• 2008

Broadcast scheme has been widely researched for efficient data delivery in the mobile environment because the downlink capacity of a mobile client is much greater than the uplink capacity, and the power of a mobile client is limited. In the proposed scheme, the index lets the client know when data items would be broadcasted and enables the client to minimize the tuning time and power consumption. Single channel index schemes are fit to flat broadcast that performs well when all the broadcasted data items are accessed with the same probability whereas the multi-disk broadcast scheme is proper when the data access distribution is skewed. The existing index schemes, however, cannot work on the Multi-disk broadcast scheme because they cannot point the replicating data items in a broadcast cycle. This paper proposes a Multi-disk Exponential Index (MDEI) which is a single channel index scheme fit to Multi-disk broadcast scheme. Because MDEI scheme organizes a separate index for each disk, it functions with multi-disk broadcast, resulting in a greater reduction of average access latency than that of other flat-broadcast index schemes when the data access distribution is skewed. The performance evaluation showed that MDEI has a good performance when data access distribution is skewed. MDEI has short average access latency and not much average tuning time when the data access distribution is skewed.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 2005

The integration of 3G networks and WLANs as complementary has been begun to attract much attention in industry as well as academia. This topic is becoming a burning issue, and one of the key questions which it raises is how to support a seamless vertical handoff. This paper introduces a new network interface selection algorithm for energy-efficient vertical handoff in tightly coupled systems capable of supporting seamless handoff. Our proposed scheme, Wise Interface Selection (WISE) switches the active network interface, after taking into consideration the characteristics of the network interface cards and the current level of data traffic, with the cooperation of the mobile terminals and network. Network interface switching operates independently on both the downlink and the uplink for the purpose of energy conservation. We show through simulation that less energy is consumed with WISE than when only a 3G network or WLAN interface is used, resulting in a longer lifetime for the mobile terminals. In the case of TCP connections, additional throughput gain can also be obtained.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.804-810
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• 2002

The code division multiple access(CDMA) system capacity is limited by the amount of interference of the system. To reduce the unnecessary interference, this paper proposes optimized cell identification codes for site selection diversity transmission(SSDT) power control in wideband code division multiple access system of third generation partnership project(3GPP). The main objective of SSDT power control is to transmit on the downlink from the primary cell, and thus reducing the interference caused by the multiple transmission. In order to select a primary cell, each cell is assigned a temporary identification(ID) and user equipment(UE) periodically informs a primary cell ID to the connecting cells during soft handover. The non-primary cells selected by UE do not transmit the dedicated physical data channel(DPDCH) to reduce the interference. A major issue with the SSDT technology is the impact of uplink symbol errors on its performance. These errors can corrupt the primary ID code and this may lead to wrong decoding in the base station receivers. The proposed SSDT cell ID codes are designed to minimize the problem and to be easily decoded using simple fast Hadamard transformation(FHT) decoder.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.108-116
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a Ethernet based audio distribution system with a new L1/L2 hybrid switching scheme, and evaluate its performance. The proposed scheme not only offers guaranteed low latency and jitter characteristics that are essentially required for the distribution of high-quality uncompressed audio traffic, and but also provide an efficient transmission of data traffic on the Ethernet environment. The audio distribution system with a proposed scheme consists of a master node and a number of relay nodes, and all nodes are mutually connected as a daisy-chain topology through up and downlinks. The master node generates an audio frame for each cycle of 125us, and the audio frame has 24 time slotted audio channels for carrying stereo 24 channels of 16-bit PCM sampled audio. On receiving the audio frame from its upstream node via the downlink, each intermediate node inserts its audio traffic to the reserved time slot for itself, then relays again to next node through its physical layer(L1) transmission - repeating. After reaching the end node, the audio frame is loopbacked through the uplink. On repeating through the uplink, each node makes a copy of audio slot that node has to receive, then play the audio. When the audio transmission is completed, each node works as a normal L2 switch, thus data frames are switched during the remaining period. For supporting this L1/L2 hybrid switching capability, we insert a glue logic for parsing and multiplexing audio and data frames at MII(Media Independent Interlace) between the physical and data link layers. The proposed scheme can provide a good delay performance and transmission efficiency than legacy Ethernet based audio distribution systems. For verifying the feasibility of the proposed L1/L2 hybrid switching scheme, we use OMNeT++ as a simulation tool with various parameters. From the simulation results, one can find that the proposed scheme can provides outstanding characteristics in terms of both jitter characteristic for audio traffic and transmission efficiency of data traffics.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.156-167
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a digital transceiver unit design for in-building of 5G optical repeaters that extends the coverage of 5G mobile communication network services and connects to a stable wireless network in a building. The digital transceiver unit for driving the proposed 5G optical repeater is composed of 4 blocks: a signal processing unit, an RF transceiver unit, an optical input/output unit, and a clock generation unit. The signal processing unit plays an important role, such as a combination of a basic operation of the CPRI interface, a 4-channel antenna signal, and response to external control commands. It also transmits and receives high-quality IQ data through the JESD204B interface. CFR and DPD blocks operate to protect the power amplifier. The RF transmitter/receiver converts the RF signal received from the antenna to AD, is transmitted to the signal processing unit through the JESD204B interface, and DA converts the digital signal transmitted from the signal processing unit to the JESD204B interface and transmits the RF signal to the antenna. The optical input/output unit converts an electric signal into an optical signal and transmits it, and converts the optical signal into an electric signal and receives it. The clock generator suppresses jitter of the synchronous clock supplied from the CPRI interface of the optical input/output unit, and supplies a stable synchronous clock to the signal processing unit and the RF transceiver. Before CPRI connection, a local clock is supplied to operate in a CPRI connection ready state. XCZU9CG-2FFVC900I of Xilinx's MPSoC series was used to evaluate the accuracy of the digital transceiver unit for driving the 5G optical repeater proposed in this paper, and Vivado 2018.3 was used as the design tool. The 5G optical repeater digital transceiver unit proposed in this paper converts the 5G RF signal input to the ADC into digital and transmits it to the JIG through CPRI and outputs the downlink data signal received from the JIG through the CPRI to the DAC. And evaluated the performance. The experimental results showed that flatness, Return Loss, Channel Power, ACLR, EVM, Frequency Error, etc. exceeded the target set value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.902-909
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• 2023

This study evaluated the performance test of a small-sized LTE-Maritime(LTE-M) transceiver that was developed and promoted to expand the use of intelligent maritime traf ic information services led by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries with the aim of supporting the prevention of maritime accidents. Accoriding to statistics, approximately 30% of all marine accidents in Korean water occur with ships weighing less than 3 tons. Therefore, the blind spots of maritime safety must be supplemented through the development of small-sized transceivers. The small transceiver may be used in fishing boats that are active near coastal waters and in water leisure equipment near the coastline. Therefore, verifying whether sufficient performance and stable communication quality are provided is necessary, considering the environment of their real usage. In this study, we reviewed the communication quality goals of the LTE-M network and the performance requirements of small-sized transceivers suggested by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, and proposed a test plan to appropriately evaluate the performance of small-sized transceivers. The validity of the proposed test method was verified for six real-sea areas with a high frequency of marine accidents. Consequently, the downlink and uplink transmission speeds of the small-sized LTE-M transceiver showed performances of 9 Mbps or more and 3 Mbps or more, respectively. In addition, using the coverage analysis system, coverage of more than 95% and 100% were confirmed in the intensive management zone (0-30 km) and interesting zone (30-50 km), respectively. The performance evaluation method and test results proposed in this paper are expected to be used as reference materials for verifying the performance of transceivers, contributing to the spread of government-promoted e-navigation services and small-sized transceivers.