• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.145-163
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• 1994

This study was done to determine differences in effect of postoperative pain control in patients receiving auricular electroacustimulation vs transcutaneous electrical nerve stimualtion following total knee replacement surgery. Thirty-one cases referred to physical therapy department after treated by total knee replacement surgery by orthopedic surgery department at the Pohang St. Mary's Hospital from January 1993 through June 1994. Of 31 total knee replacement cases, 13 cases were auricular electroacustimulation group, 11 cases were transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group, and 7 cases were control group. The results of the study summerized are as follows: Thirty-one total knee replacement cases(male in 12 cases, female in 19 cases), ranging in age from 34 to 61 years(mean${\pm}$SD=49.90 7.56) with diagnoses of degenerative arthritis(20 cases), rheumatoid arthritis(9 cases), and other(2 cases). In auricular electroacustimulation group, there was a significant change of pain intensity, unpleasantness, and active range of motion after treatment(p<0.01). In transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group, there was a significant change of pain intensity, unpleasantness, and active range of motion after treatment(p<0.01). In control group, did not show significant pre-posttreatment differences in pain intensity, unpleasantness, active range of motion(p>0.05). The mean change in pain intensity and unpleasantness, active range of motion from pretreatment baseline for the 3 groups. Auricular electroacustimulation group showed the large magnitude of increase in pain intensity and unpleasantness, active range of motion when compared to its own pretreatment cycle. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group showed small magnitude of increase in pain intensity and unpleasantness, active range of motion when compared to its own pretreatment cycle. No significant changes were observed in control group. Highly significant differences in pain intensity, unpleasantness, and active rage of motion were found using an ANOVA measures between treatment groups and control group(p<0.01). The squares correlation coefficients of pain and function measures pretreatment-posttreatment differences for each group. In treatment group, there was significant correlation between pain scale and function(p<0.001). In control group, there was no correlation between the pain scale and function (p>0.05). The continuous study is needd for many interesting issues of auricular electroacustimulation in new future.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2002

In this study, emotion changes were induced by four imaginations- pleasantness, unpleasantness, arousal, relaxation and it was examined using subjective evaluation and analysis of the physiological signals of the central and autonomic nerve systems whether the intended emotions were appropriately achieved, and whether these emotion changes could be distinguished from the analysis of physiological signals. Each of the four imaginations was implemented on 32 subjects for 30 seconds, while that Electroencephalogram (EEG), Eelectrocardiogram (RSP) were measured, and a subjective evaluation was implemented following the completion of the measurement. The analysis of the subjective evaluation revealed that the subjects underwent the four clearly differentiated imaginations, and the pleasantness level was classified into four imagination stages, pleasantness>relaxation>arousal=comfort>unpleasantness, and arousal level was classified into four imagination stages in the order of arousal>unpleasantness${\approx}$pleasantness>comfort>relaxation. The analysis of the EEG revealed that three stages of pleasantness level, pleasantness>relaxation=arousal=comfort>unpleasantness were classified from the values of ${\alpha}/{\alpha}+{\beta}\;and\;{\beta}/{\alpha}+{\beta}$, and about tour distinguishable stages of arousal level were obtained from the autonomic nervous system responses following the order of arousal>unpleasantness${\approx}$pleasantness> comfort> relaxation. It was found that intended emotion could be induced from the imagination, and these induced emotion changes could be differentiated using the physiological signals of the EEG and autonomic nervous system.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.359-371
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of the therapeutic sports massage(TSM) applied to the patients with delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) by measuring, assessing and analyzing the changes in intensity and unpleasantness of muscle pains before and after TSM. In the therapeutic sports massage program, such methods as effleurage, petrissage and deep transverse friction were selected as traditional massage treatments frequently used for muscles with pain and spasm. Effleurage and petrissage were applied for 20 minutes in total before and after deep transverse friction treatment. After TSM, the McGill pain questionnaire word list(MPQWL), verbal rating scale(VRS), visual analogue scale(VAS) were used to measure the degree of the pain on the patients. The major findings from this study are as follows; 1. The surveyed patients range from 15 to 63 in age, with highest numbers of 18(37.50%) registered in the twenties and next ones of 14(29.17%) in the thirties. Divided by sex, 27 are men and 21 are women totalling 48 with average age of 25.7. 2. There was significant decrease in the numerical values of VAS & VRS and MPQWL immediately after TSM(p<.05). There was also significant decrease in the numerical values of MPQWL, VRS and VAS after the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th TSM(p<.05). 3. There was significant decrease in the intensity and unpleasantness of pains after TSM(p<.05). 4. From the analysis into chronological changes in the intensity and unpleasantness of pains before and after TSM with ANOVA, it became evident that the longer the period of treatment was, the higher the pains decreases drastically, while significant difference was shown in the intensity and unpleasantness of pains(p<.05). Summed up, it can be generally concluded that TSM is an effective treatment to rid the patients with DOMS of pains safely and promptly.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 1984

The main purpose of this study is to observe patterns of pain of surgical patients following surgery The postoperative pain was checked with the interval of every 2 hours from 6 hours to 80 hours after surgery. Graphic rating scale from unidimensional concept of pain and sensory intensity scale and unpleasantness scale from two dimensional concept of pain were used for pain measurement. Thirty two patients were participated in this study in which 22 were undergone upper abdominal surgery, 7 thyroid or neck surgery and 3 other surgeries. The findings obtained from this study were as follows: 1) In all cases of using 3 different pain measurement tools, postoperative pain was markedly decreased since 36 hours after surgery. In case of patient's less cooperation, either sensory intensity scale or graphic rating scale may be chosen for the measurement of pain. 2) Pain amounts measured by sensory intensity scale were highly correlated with those measured by unpleasantness scale in all situations except several situations having few cases included. Unpleasantness scale may be separately used for themeasurement of affective response due to pain. 3) Almost 90% of total amount of analgesics used for relief of pain were used within 36 hours after surgery. 4) Mean frequency of analgesics used by every patient during 80 hours following surgery was 0.84.

• 소음진동
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.706-714
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to analyse the main factors and attributes of psychological evaluation to noise. For this purpose, a psycho-acustic experiment was conducted by using the method of rating scale. 52 subjects were participated in the experiment, 20 stimuli were presented to subjects in random order with 23 adjectives. As a result of factor analysis, it was found that the primary factors for evaluating the quality of noise subjectively are four factors of unpleasantness, intensity, irregularity, and sharpness. And, as a result of MDPREF(multi-dimensional analysis of preference data), it was found that the noise sources including the factors of unpleasantness, intensity, and irregularity are related to the sounds of hammering in construction field, car horn, road traffic, idling of car, and printing by computer printer, and the factor of sharpness are the sounds of car siren, claps of thunder, car horn, and snowstorm etc.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.42-47
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• 2005

When the train travels quickly, in the center of city subway tunnel the strong wind blows caused by its piston effect, and the train wind blows while train enter the subway station with this effect. The train wind brings unpleasantness which passenger's hair wavering and the skirts of passengers flapping severely, and critical situations to the old and the weak people. It considers seriously like this, the research is meant to find extent of subway train wind influence on the passengers from the part Seoul subway stations.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 1994

This paper analyzes clothing symbolism of mood and emotion described in master pieces of Charles dickens(2812∼1870), who is a well-known writer of England, and thus tries to clarify symbolic characteristics of clothing woven into all human lives.. The result show that clothing symbolizes in various ways such mood and emotion as bless, wrath, friendliness, respect, surprise, excitement, embarrassment, uneasiness, sadness, melancholy, anxiety, hostility, unpleasantness, deliveration, shyness, blessing, gratitude, despair, shame, sympathy, boasting, etc.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4045-4052
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• 2012

본 연구는 냉각 통증 모델을 이용해 간섭파전류와 경피신경전기자극간에 진통 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 16명의 대상자는 6주기의 냉각 통증 모델 검사를 수행하였다. 대상자는 각 주기에서 차가운 물에 손을 담근 후 통증을 호소하는데 걸리는 시간을 이용하여 통증 역치와 시각적통증강도를 이용하여 통증 강도 및 통증 불편감을 측정하였다. 대상자에게 무작위로 각각 간섭파전류 주파수 50 Hz와 100 Hz, 경피신경전기자극 주파수 50 Hz와 100 Hz를 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 4가지 전기자극은 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 통증 역치가 증가하였으나 전기자극간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그리고 통증 강도와 통증 불편감에서는 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 현재의 실험 조건에서 4가지 전기자극간에는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 주파수 50 Hz의 간섭파전류가 다른 전기자극보다 적용시 더 편안하였다.

• 인지과학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.299-326
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• 2011

소설, 블로그, 채팅 메시지, 상품평 등의 텍스트는 전반적인 정서의 흐름을 가지고 있다. 텍스트 간의 정서 흐름의 유사도를 비교하면 유사한 정서 흐름을 갖는 텍스트를 분류할 수 있고, 상품 추천이나 의견 수집 등에 활용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 텍스트에서 정서 단어를 순차적으로 추출하고 쾌-불쾌, 활성화의 2차원으로 분석하여 텍스트의 정서 흐름을 파악하였다. 또한 텍스트의 순차적인 흐름을 시간 차원으로 설정하여 텍스트의 전반적인 정서 흐름인 '지배 정서(dominant emotion)'를 파악하기 위하여 쾌-불쾌, 활성화, 시간의 3차원 공간에서 정서 흐름을 탐색하였다. 또한 이 3차원 공간 안에서 유클리드 거리를 사용하여 지배 정서 흐름의 유사도를 계산함으로써 유사한 정서 흐름을 가지는 텍스트를 분류하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법을 통해 한국 근대 단편 소설들을 분석하여 지배 정서를 분석하였고 유사한 지배 정서를 가지는 소설들을 분류하였다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.396-405
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• 2014

This study demonstrates how VM attributes and VM personality influence VM attitude based on regulatory focus and how VM attitude influences revisiting intention. We used 303 copies of the survey form for the analysis. SPSS 19.0 for Windows Package was used to perform frequency analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis. The results of the study: First, direction and arrangement of VM attributes had a significantly positive (+) influence on VM attitude. Second, fervor and trust of VM personality had a significantly positive (+) influence on VM attitude, while unpleasantness had a negative (-) influence. Third, VM attitude had a significant influence on visiting intention. Fourth, in terms of promotion focus, direction, arrangement, and promotion of VM attributes had a significantly positive (+) influence on VM attitude. In regards to prevention focus, image of VM attributes had a significant influence on VM attitude. In promotion focus, fervor and trust of VM personality had a significantly positive (+) influence on VM attitude, while unpleasantness had a negative (-) influence. In prevention focus, refinement and fervor of VM personality had a statistically significant influence on VM attitude. Only promotion focus showed a significant influence of VM attitude on revisiting intention.