• Title/Summary/Keyword: Unmarried Women

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Impact on Job Satisfaction to Job Stress of Physician Assistant Nurses (Physician Assistant(PA)간호사의 직무스트레스가 직무만족도에 미치는 영향)

  • Yun, Soon-Young;Uhm, Dong-Choon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.12 no.11
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    • pp.4914-4923
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    • 2011
  • This study aims to investigate the factors influencing job satisfaction to job stress of physician assistant(PA) nurses. This research design was a descriptive study. The subjects in this study were 104 PA nurses. Data were collected from September 1, 2010 to January 10, 2011, and analyzed by SPSS PASW statistics 18.0 program. The mean score of men on the job stress was 43.47(${\pm}13.77$), The mean score of women was 45.07(${\pm}9.78$). The mean score of job satisfaction was 2.72(${\pm}0.30$). There was no statistical difference between general characteristics and job satisfaction. There were statistical difference between unmarried subjects and organizing system(p<.05), inadequate compensation(p<.01). In the results of multivariate regression analysis, adjusted $R^2$ value was 0.567. The model fit was 56.7%. Job satisfaction was low in the insufficient job control and inadequate organizing system. It is hospital policies for the reduction of job stress(particularly, insufficient job control, and organizing system stress).

Analysis of social factors influencing authenticity of suicide for patient who attempt to suicide in emergency department: Retrospective study based Post-suicidal Care Program data (응급실로 내원한 약물중독 자살시도자의 자살 진정성에 미치는 사회적 요인 분석: 응급실 기반 자살 시도자 관리시스템 자료를 이용한 후향적 연구)

  • Ji, Jae-Gu;Kim, Yang-Weon;Kang, Ji-Hun;Jang, Yun-Deok
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.8-16
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the social factors influencing the 'authenticity of suicidal ideation' based post-suicidal care programs in emergency departments (EDs). Methods: This retrospective study was an analysis using the data of patients who had attempted suicide and visited the ED in tertiary urban hospitals from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. The variables examined included gender, age, history of previous psychiatric disease, suicide method, and the number of previous attempts. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing the registration rate for the community-based post-suicide care program. Results: Overall,1,460 suicides were analyzed, 177 (1.16%) showed a high authenticity of suicide. The social factors influencing the authenticity of suicide intent were the unmarried status of men and women, joblessness, history of mental illnesses, more than two previous suicide attempts, the influence of alcohol, and an attempt to commit suicide after midnight more specifically between 24:00 to 6:00 hours in the morning (p<.05). The factors influencing the severity of the condition of high authenticity suicide patients were low Glasgow coma scores (12 points or less), lactate levels, and oxygen saturation observed in the patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment and died (p<.05). Conclusion: The need for evidence-based preventive measures and early assessment tools at the emergency medicine level is emphasized to reduce the rate of suicide attempts. If the results of this study are used in the management of suicide prevention, the evaluation of the authenticity of suicide intent will be more likely to be made at the emergency medicine level, allowing the severity to be assessed earlier.

A Qualitative Study on the Busyness and Subjective Pace of Life among Koreans in Early Adulthood (성인초기 한국인의 바쁨과 주관적인 삶의 속도에 대한 질적 연구)

  • Woo, Ami;Jung, Taeyun
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.529-559
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    • 2021
  • This study examines how people perceive and experience busyness, which is a great social pressure in the Korean society, and The socio-psychological motives that drive people's different paces of life, such as busyness or slowness, despite being in the same busy reality, were examined. Furthermore, an in-depth study was conducted on the adaptation factors in the real society according to the speed of individual life. The analysis of this study was based on an in-depth interview data of 21 unmarried men and women in their 20s and 30s, and was conducted using a phenomenological qualitative analysis method. As a result, the perception and experience of being busy had both positive and negative parts. The components of socio-psychological motivation that affect the speed of an individual's life are 'internalization of positive values of (busy/rest)', '(future/present) centric', 'selection & concentration/Inertial busyness', 'personality characteristics' were derived. In addition, 'self-selection', 'successful time management', and 'maintenance of psychological health' were derived as common factors among adaptation factors in real society, 'a sense of achievement' and 'understanding and accepting self-characteristics' were derived as discriminatory factors. became Based on these results, the value and meaning of being busy in Korean society was discussed from a social psychology perspective, and a new perspective was presented to existing studies and discussions related to the speed of life. In addition, several follow-up studies were proposed.

Sexuality, Contraception, and Induced Abortion among Adolescents and Young Adults in the Export Processing Zones of Korea (미혼여성의 성, 피임, 그리고 인공유산 - 수출공단지역의 사례연구)

  • 조성남
    • Korea journal of population studies
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.93-122
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    • 1996
  • This is a study of the determinants of sexual, contraceptive, and abortion behavior among unmarried female adolescents and young adults, which has emerged as a growing and serious health problem in Korea. As part of a larger project, data were gathered in three export zones: Kuro (Seoul), Kumi (Kyngbuk) Masan Changwon (Kyongnam) ; and the study samples are regrouped into three categories: 1) factory workers, i.e. , the reference group serving as program participants, 2) entertainment workers, and 3) ob-gyn patients. This study indicates that entertainment workers are at highest risk of experiencing premarital sex, STDs, contraceptive failure, unwanted pregnancies, and induced abortion. Of them, 20 percent had STDs as a result of first sexual experience: and about seven tenths had two or more pregnancies due to the adoption of low-efficacy methods. The proportion of those who had ever been pregnant was 60 percent for the group as a whole: 36 percent for the program participants: 64 percent for the entertainment workers ; and 91 percent four the ob-gyn patients. These proportions are exactly the same for abortion in each group, which means that all pregnancies ended in induced abortion. Of the respondents who said that they were sexually active at the time of survey, abortions were very high: 1.6 for the program participants, 2.3 for the entertainment workers, and 1.9 for the ob-gyn patients. About 80 percent of the women had abortions during the first trimester, and two thirds of the first abortions took place between the ages of 20 and 23. About one fourth experienced post-abortion complication, which was highest among the program participants (39 percent). Sixty percent of those with complications visited a hospital or took medicine to treat the problem. Even after the experience of induced abortion, the use of contraception was very low, except among the entertainment workers, whose level of use reached 53 percent. The most obvious recommendation, arising from this research, is that 'good-quality' counselling and family planning services be established under the auspices of both national and local government, particularly targeted for the entertainment workers as well as the factory workers in various textile, electronic, manufacturing, and other industrial sectors. We believe that entertainment sectors should be restructured radically so that young women who work for amusement bars and other entertainment sectors obtain protection from the risk of having unwanted pregnancies, STDs, and induced abortion.

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A Study of Effecting Factors on Job Satisfaction of the Elderly Care Social Workers (노인 돌봄 서비스관리자의 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 요인연구)

  • Kim, Keun-Hong;Park, Joon-Ki
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.195-220
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    • 2010
  • This study is to examine the job satisfaction of the social workers who manage the elderly care service in country, in order to find political alternatives and practical strategies for improving job satisfaction. The Factors to effect on job satisfaction are categorized as three groups ; personal factors, working environment factors and service related factors. The survey was conducted by 231 social workers who participated in a national seminar among 244 elderly care facilities in country, and 220 effective data were collected. Which factors effected on the job satisfaction of social workers and how much effected on it by them were mainly analyzed. The mean of job satisfaction status was 3.01, which was slightly higher than average(2.5). Men had higher job satisfaction than women. The unmarried than the married, permanent workers than contract workers, and workers who didn't execute other jobs had higher job satisfaction also. And The main factors which effected on job satisfaction were sex among personal factors, the manager willingness and not executing other jobs among working environment factors, and service attitude among service related factors. Particularly, the manager willingness was shown to effect on job satisfaction the most, and then service attitude, not executing other jobs and sex effected on it in order. The result showed that the elderly care facilities which had stronger manager willingness and better service attitude provided higher job satisfaction, and men who didn't execute other jobs than women had higher job satisfaction. The job satisfactions of payment and benefits, employment stability, appropriateness of working amount and working time, working environment and welfare conditions were lower than average. Therefore, the strategies to improve the lower job conditions are promptly required. Above all, the low payment strategy that has not been increased at all for 3 years has to be changed. In addition, it is important for the social workers not to execute other jobs as much as possible in order to reduce working amount and working time appropriately. In conclusion, it is required to try to improve the job satisfaction of the social workers who are the core of human service continually, which will make the elderly care service successful and effectiveness improved.

A Basic Study on the Health Status in Villages of Kum San Goon, Chung Cheong Nam Do Area (충남(忠南) 금산군내(錦山郡內) 보건시범부락(保健示範部落)에 대(對)한 기초조사(基礎調査))

  • Kho, Byung-Hoon
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.349-354
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    • 1974
  • Survey results concerning the general information on health status of 7,050 inhabitants (1,141 households) which have been selected within Keumsan Gun, Chung Choung Nam Do area are as follws: 1. The average family size is $6.18{\pm}2.17$ persons per household. Tertiary sex ratio is 105.5 population composition of Kumsan Gun shown a pyramidal form consisting of 51.6% of the inhabitants under 20 years of age. 2. Rate of illiteracy amounts to 12.1% and only 4.1% of villagers were graduated from high schools, 80% of the inhabitants have some kind of jobs: 46.1% of them are engaged in agriculture, 95.2% of villagers have their own houses, and remaining 4.8% do not have their own. 3. 72% of households made use of health services provided provided by health centre or subcentres during a period of 1 year from April 1, 1973 to March 31, 1974. 26.8% of them visited health centre of sub-centres 2-4 times annually for the following purposes: 1) Vaccination: 35.7% 2) Diagnosis or treatment: 26.7% 3) Family planning: 24.1% 4) Maternal and child health: 10.5% 4. Utilization rate of health facilities is on an average 4.4 times per household and 0.75 times per capita. 5. Birth rate in the area is 1.91% and death rate is 0.75%, indicating the natural increase rate is only 1.16% that is lower than the nationwide rate of 1.8-2.2% in 1970 and 1.5-1.9% in 1973. 6. 37.7% of fertile women (20-40 years old) in the area are still unmarried, Fertility rate is the highest in the age group of 63-40 years old showing a value of 17.1%. 7. The unmarried population in this area amounts to 61.4% : 61.4% in male and 57.6% in female. 8. Number of inhaibtants who practice family planning is 612 persons(22.6%) among the married (2.771). This value consists of 8.3% of married males and 34.8% of married females. Only 16.0% of the people who put family planning in practice undergo permanent contraceptive methods and remaining 84.0% of them do temporary measures. 9. Only 57.7% of the subjects took vaccinations as follows: 1) B.C.G. vaccination: 82.7% 2) D.P.T. vaccination: 76.2% 3) Poliomyelitis vaccination: 67.9% 4) Smallpox vaccination: 62.6% 10. In the utilization of medical facilities in case of sickness drug stores (32.15%) comes first and hospitals or clinics (28.65%), health centre of health sub-centres (17.96%), herb drug stores (7.36%) and herb gerneral practioners (6.31%), etc., in decreasing order. Sickness that people living in this area suffer from are neuralgia, disease digestive troubles, respiratory diseases and skin lesions, etc.

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Distributors' Preference for the Flextime System (유통업체 종사자의 유동근무제에 대한 선호성향에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Won-Haeng
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.13-20
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    • 2012
  • The "flextime" system, which was initially designed to maintain a balance between work and personal life, has recently received much attention as an alternative form of work, enabling employees to fully exert their creativity. Most studies show that the effects of flextime on performance, productivity, attitude toward the organization, absenteeism, and turnover differ between managerial and non-managerial workers. This suggests that workers' personal characteristics affect their preference for flextime by directly or indirectly influencing its result variables. As most Korean companies have not adopted the flextime system, little research has been conducted on it in Korea. Recently, Korean companies have been discussing flextime as one of several measures for enhancing international competitiveness. Therefore, this study aims to offer a theoretical framework for the introduction of the system by analyzing the effects of the precedent factors on the preference for flextime. Though not statistically significant, a higher preference for flextime is noted among workers over the age of 36. Older workers usually are more conservative and less adaptable to change but here the older Korean workers may be anxious and resistant. Additional research on workers in different types of businesses using improved research methods will lead to more meaningful results. Married workers display a lower preference to flextime than single workers. In Korea, the current atmosphere focused on a happy home encourages married workers to prefer regular work hours, enabling them to go to and from work on a regular schedule. This means that normal working hours, from morning to evening, are preferred as it is the most suitable system for families. However, this is not so in the case of single workers. Unmarried singles tend to prefer flextime for investing in self-development toward future prosperity, over the benefits of regular working-hours. Flextime is designed to meet their needs to some extent as it is helpful in maintaining a balance between work life and self-development. If flextime is selected, workers can spend mornings on self-development and work in the afternoons. Therefore, when flextime is introduced in Korea, it would be desirable to start with unmarried workers, to increase corporate creativity and productivity and develop individual potential. In particular, when the five-day workweek, the main concern for companies and labor unions, is adopted, synergy with flextime could be expected and a gradual implementation of flextime will be effective. Gender difference shows similar results to marital status with male workers displaying a higher preference for flextime. It is inferred that male workers' attitudes toward flextime are more favorable than female workers' because flextime enables self-development and work life to coexist. A relatively weak, though statistically significant, correlation exists between control position and flextime preference with inner-control-oriented workers displaying favorable attitudes toward flextime. Generally, inner-control-oriented workers tend to attribute the consequences caused by any person or partner relationship to themselves. Thus, when a new system is introduced they are likely to have less reluctance and fear than outer-control-oriented workers, because they think it is important to deal with the new system. A weak but slight correlation exists between the desire for achievement and flextime preference. People who have a higher desire for achievement are willing to consider the new system, especially if significant success is reasonably expected. This result is derived from a reasonable judgment that flextime offers an individual the time for self-development while the organization benefits from the resulting creativity and performance enhancements. Although not the primary analysis, a high correlation is found between control position and the desire for achievement, which is consistent with the results of previous research. The regression analysis not only supports the preceding ANOVA and correlation analysis but also shows the existence of a causal relationship. Married workers have a weak preference for flextime, which is consistent with the results of the preceding ANOVA. Relative to men, women have a weak preference for flextime. No statistically significant correlation was noticed for age. Inner-control-oriented workers prefer flextime more than outer-control-oriented workers as the former view the consequences of change to be their own responsibility. However, the preference for flextime seems to be weak. As expected, people with a higher desire for achievement have a stronger preference for flextime, presumably because the greater the desire for achievement, the stronger the spirit of challenging an uncertain future. No significant correlation exists between job satisfaction and flextime preference.

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The Psychological Characteristics of Women in the Obesity Clinic (비만클리닉에 내원한 여성의 심리적 특성)

  • Park, Sat-Byul;Yun, Kyu-Wol;Woo, Haing-Won
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.137-148
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    • 2003
  • Introduction: This research was performed to contract the attitude of dietary restriction and the psychological problems such as depressive mood and perceived stress and to investigate the relationship of these and obesity in women who visited the obesity clinic. Methods: During May 2001, sociodemographic variables, physical characteristics, Three Factor Eating Questionnaire(TFEQ), Symptom Check List-90-R(SCL-90-R) and Perceived Stress Scale were assessed from 150 female who visited the obesity clinics which were located at downtown, Seoul and the Hospital of Ajou University, Medical College. Hamilton depression rating scale(HDRS) was estimated by author. And then 116 female cases who filled up the questionnaire faithfully were included. Results: Obese group more than Body Mass Index(BMI) $25.0kg/m^2$ was 50% of the total subjects. BMI was increased as the age goes up(p<0.001). The frequency of unmarried cases in the under normal weight group was high rate of 48.8% while it in the obese group was 13.8%(p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the rate of smoking and alcohol drinking among subjects by BMI. There was no significant difference of TFEQ among subjects by BMI and the percent of body fat. Factor 2(r=0.27, p<0.01) and Factor 3(r=0.24, p<0.01) were significantly correlated with Global Severity Index(GSI). Only the paranoia scale among each estimated mean value of T scores of SCL-90-R by BMI was the significant difference between the overweight group and the obese group(p<0.05). T scores of scales of SCL-90-R were less than 50, but T scores of the under normal weight group and the obese group were higher than overweight group. GSI was significantly correlated with HDRS(r=0.75, p<0.01) and Perceived Stress Scale(r=0.32, p<0.01). Depressive mood in the obese group was significantly higher than non-obese group that HDRS was compared to two groups by the percent of body fat(p<0.05). Perceived Stress Scale was no significant correlation with BMI and the percent of body fat. All of the subject were in trouble of high stress. Stress affected dietary restriction owing that perceived stress had a relation with Factor 2(r=0.29, p<0.01) and Factor 3(r=0.37, p<0.01). Also, it affected psychological characteristics owing that perceived stress had a relation with the depression scale, GSI and HDRS(r=0.33, r=0.32, r=0.34, p<0.01). Conclusion: Obese women have more psychological difficulties including depression and high perceived stress, which closely related with the attitude of dietary restriction. Psychiatric intervention and aggressive assessment of psychological problems will be needed to the people who visit the obesity clinic in the future.

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Sasang Constitution Classification related to an aspect of distribution GCM(General Coordinative Manipulation) Body Type and Experimental Study based on the character of Static Posture and Dynamic Hyper/Hypo-mobility Pattern (사상의학의 4체질 분류에 따른 각 체질별 전신조정술 체형분포 양상과 그에 따른 정적 자세특성 및 동적 운동증감 양상에 관한 실증적 연구)

  • Moon, Sang-Eon;Joe, Hyun-Rae;Oh, Chang-Sun;Kim, Sung-Hyun
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.505-517
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    • 2005
  • The Purposes of this study were to find complementary connectible new factors that analyzed correlation relate of Sasang Constitution and GCM Body Type in Static Posture and Dynamic Hyper/Hypo-mobility Pattern. Method of this study was asymtomatic volunteers 232(unmarried man and women), conducted from September 1 to December 31. In this main study progressing step diagnosised first, Constitution of Sasang medicine after being classified into four groups of Soyangin, Taeumin, Soeumin, Taeyangin diagnosis of GCM Body Type and progressed that related Static Posture and Dynamic Hyper/Hypo mobility Pattern. The results are as follows. Distribution of Sasang Medicine Constitution proved to be Taeyangin 13, Soyangin 66, Taeumin 67, Soeumin 86 respectively. Distribution of GCM Body Type proved I Body Type 72(31.0%), II Body Type 54(23.3%), III Body Type 89(38.4%), IV Body Type 17(7.3%). The distribution of Sasang Constitution according to GCM Body Type was that; I Body Type was distributed in the order Soeumin 34.7%(25), Taeumin 31.9%(23), Soyangin 30.6%(22), Soeumin 34.7%(25) is the most people. II Body Type was distribution of in the order Soeumin 42.6%(23), Soyangin 5.9%(14), Taeumin 24.1%(13), Soeumin 42.6%(23) is the most people. III Body Type was distribution of in the order Soeumin 37.1%(33), Taeumin 30.3%(27), Soyangin 28.1%(25), Soeumin 37.1% is the most people. IV Body Type proved high distribution each of Soeumin 29.4%(5) and Soyangin 29.4%(5). In case of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about I Body Type 72 persons with left scapular and ilium forward tilted pattern proved in the order high distribution iliac crest thigh and scapular high 70(97.2%), gluteal fold high and scapular abduction 69(95.8%), lumbar scoliosis 65(90.3%). Also, in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution deep gluteal fold 69(95.8%), umbilical deviation 68(94.4%). Incase of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about n Body Type 54 persons proved in the: order high distribution knee hyperextension 50(92.6%), shoulder deviation 49(90.7%) etc. Also, in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution pelvic deviation 53(98.1%), iliac crest thigh 52(96.3%), hip flexion and ankle inversion 51(94.4%) etc. In case of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about III Body Type 89 persons proved in the order high distribution shoulder deviation 87(97.8%), scapular abduction 86(96.6%), scapular high 85(95.5%) etc. And in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution pelvic deviation and iliac crest thigh 86(96.6%) etc. In case of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about IV Body Type 17 persons proved in the order high distribution pelvic deviation, lumbar sciliosis and lumbar lordosis increase 15(88.2%) etc. Also, in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution wrist dorsiflexion 16(94.1%), thickened achilles tendon etc.

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Epidemiology of Psychosocial Distress in Korean Employees (우리나라 직장인 스트레스의 역학적 특성)

  • Chang, Sei-Jin;Kang, Myung-Gun;Cha, Bong-Suk;Park, Jong-Ku;Hyun, Sook-Jung;Park, Jun-Ho;Kim, Seong-Ah;Kang, Dong-Mug;Chang, Seong-Sil;Lee, Kyung-Jae;Ha, Eun-Hee;Ha, Mi-Na;Koh, Sang-Baek
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.25-37
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    • 2005
  • Objective : To estimate the magnitude of psychosocial distress and examine eligible factors associated with the development of psychosocial distress in Korean employees, using a nationwide sample. Methods : A total of 6,977 workers were recruited from 245 companies. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, health-related behaviors, job characteristics, social support at work, personality traits (locus of control, type A behavior pattern), self-esteem, and psychosocial distress. Results : The results showed that 23 % of workers were categorized as high stress, 73% as moderate, and 5% as normal. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that psychosocial distress was more common in younger workers, both male and female. Regular exercise was negatively associated with increase of psychosocial distress. In job characteristics, as expected, low decision latitude, high job insecurity, and low social support at work were related to high psychosocial distress. Personality traits such as locus of control and type A behavior pattern, and self-esteem were more powerful predictors of psychosocial distress than general characteristics, health-related behavior, and job characteristics. There were some gender differences. While men who are less educated and single (unmarried, divorced, and separated) experienced higher levels of psychosocial distress than those who are educated and married, women who feel high job demand experienced higher levels of psychosocial distress than those who feel low job demand. Conclusions : The proportion of the high stress group was higher than expected, and psychosocial factors like social support and personality characteristics (e. g. locus of control, type A behavior pattern and self-esteem) were more significant factors for psychosocial distress than other variables. This finding suggests that some psychosocial factors, especially inadequate social support, low self-esteem and lack of internal locus of control for the development of psychosocial distress, will also operate as an intervention strategy in the worksite stress reduction program. It is strongly required that worksite stress reduction programs should be established in at both occupational and level as well as in individual levels.