• 충청수학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 1992

We define a certain subgroup $E_n$ (X, K, G) of the relative homotopy groups of a transformation group ${\sigma}_n$(X, K, G). The algebraic properties of these groups are examined.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1279-1287
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• 2012

We established an efficient transformation method for thermophile Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 using conjugative transfer from Escherichia coli of host-mimicking plasmids that imitate DNA methylation of strain HTA426 to circumvent its DNA restriction barriers. Two conjugative plasmids, pSTE33T and pUCG18T, capable of shuttling between E. coli and Geobacillus spp., were constructed. The plasmids were first introduced into E. coli BR408, which expressed one inherent DNA methylase gene (dam) and two heterologous methylase genes from strain HTA426 (GK1380-GK1381 and GK0343-GK0344). The plasmids were then directly transferred from E. coli cells to strain HTA426 by conjugative transfer using pUB307 or pRK2013 as a helper plasmid. pUCG18T was introduced very efficiently (transfer efficiency, $10^{-5}-10^{-3}\;recipient^{-1}$). pSTE33T showed lower efficiency ($10^{-7}-10^{-6}\;recipient^{-1}$) but had a high copy number and high segregational stability. Methylase genes in the donor substantially affected the transfer efficiency, demonstrating that the host-mimicking strategy contributes to efficient transformation. The transformation method, along with the two distinguishing plasmids, increases the potential of G. kaustophilus HTA426 as a thermophilic host to be used in various applications and as a model for biological studies of this genus. Our results also demonstrate that conjugative transfer is a promising approach for introducing exogenous DNA into thermophiles.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 1984

To investigate the factors influencing the artifical transformation in Escherichia coli, E. coli C600 was transformed by pBR322 DNA with tetracycline and ampicillin resistant gene purified by CsCl-Etbr equilibrium density gradient centrifugation from E.coli HB 101. The influencing factors in the transformation such as concentration of calcium chloride, time of ice incubation, temperature and time of heat shock, time of gene expression, effects of plasmid DNA concentration and adding time were examined in these experiments. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The highest transformation frequency was observed in the treatments of 100 mM $CaCl_2$ before heat shock and the treatment of $CaCl_2$ was essential step in the process of E. coli transformation. 2. The highest transformation frequency was observed in the treatment of heat shock at $42^{\circ}C$ for 4 min. or $37^{\circ}C$ for 6 min., but the prolonged heat shock resulted a decreased transformation frequency. 3. Treatments of ice incubation at $0^{\circ}C$ for 45 min. before heat stocks or at $0^{\circ}C$ for 30min. after heat shock resulted an increased transformation frequency. 4. There was a linear relationship between DNA concentration and transformation frequency at the concentration of $8{\times}10^3$ recipient cells. The highest transformation frequency reached in carte of 7 mcg of donor DNA, but above 1 mcg of DNA concentration, transformation frequency was not remarkably increased. Addition of donor DNA just after the treatment of $CaCl_2$ was the best. 5. The best condition of gene expression at $37^{\circ}C$ were 40min. for TC-resistant gene and 100min. for AP-resistant gene. TC-resistant gene was higher in the transformation frequency and faster in the gene expression time than AP-resistant gene. In these results, the best conditions for the transformation of E. coli C 600 with pBR322 DNA were: treatment with 100mM $CaCl_2$, ice incubation at $0^{\circ}C$ for 45 min, heat shock at $42^{\circ}C$ for 4 min., 30 min. of ice incubation and incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 100min. for gene expression in that order.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.445-451
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• 2007

Translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a key regulator of protein synthesis. Abnormal regulation of eIF4E is closely linked to oncogenic transformation. Several regulatory mechanisms affecting eIF4E are discussed, including transcriptional regulation, phosphorylation and binding of an inhibitor protein. However it is not clear how the level of eIF4E protein is regulated under basal conditions. Here we demonstrate that Diap1 (Drosophila Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein), a cell death inhibitor, binds directly to eIF4E and poly-ubiquitinates it via its E3 ligase activity, promoting its proteasome-dependent degradation. Expression of Diap1 caused a reduction of Cyclin D1 protein level and inhibited the growth stimulation induced by overexpression of eIF4E. Taken together, our results suggest that the level of eIF4E protein is regulated by Diap1, and that IAPs may play a role in cap-dependent translation by regulating the level of eIF4E protein.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2004

The aim of this research is comparing the existing approximation models (e.g. Affine Transformation and Direct Linear Transformation) with Rational Function Model as a substitute of rigorous sensor model of linear array scanner, especially push-broom sensor. To do so, this research investigates the mathematical model of each approximation method. This is followed by the assessments of accuracy of transformation from object space to image space by using simulated data generated by collinearity equations which incorporate or depict the physical aspects of linear array sensor.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.345-348
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• 1985

Mannitol hypertonic regeneration media를 사용하는 PEG-induced protoplast transformation system을 이용해서 pUB110과 pE194의 recombinant plasmid로 B. subtilis BR151을 transformation 시킴으로써 두 plasmid에서 유래되는 각각의 Neo$^{R}$와 Em$^{R}$을 동일한 recipient cell 내에서 동시에 발현시킬 수 있었다. Neomycin과 erythromycin을 함께 함유하는 mannitol regeneration media상에서 recombinant plasmid의 transformation frequency는 6.5 $\times$ $10^{-5}$이었다. 한편 transformant cell 내에서 recombinant plasmid의 replication이 agarose gel electrophoresis로 확인되었다.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.269-289
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• 2008

전자정부 정보화 사업과 같은 규모와 그 범위가 거대하며, 한번에 모든 기존의 오프라인 프로세스가 온라인화 되지 않고 수년간에 걸쳐 그 효과가 나타나는 시스템의 파급효과에 대한 예측은 무척 난해한 문제이다. 이러한 e-transformation이 이루어지는 경우에는 지속적으로 모델의 수정 및 보완작업이 함께 이루어져야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전자정부 정보화사업 중 하나인 G2B 시스템의 효과평가를 위해 EEM (E-transformation Evaluation Model)으로 명명한 새로운 모델과 평가방법론을 제시하고자한다. EEM 모델은 G2B 시스템으로 인해 e-transformation화된 업무프로세스 영역(온라인 영역)의 효과를 화폐가치로 산출하는 정량평가 모델이다. 또한 아직 G2B 시스템이 적응되지 않은 업무프로세스 영역(오프라인 영역)을 정보화시켰을 때 예상되는 효과를 함께 추정할 수 있도록 해준다. EEM 모델에서는 기준모델, 검증모델, 예측모델을 설정하고, 평가년도, 측정영역, 데이터종류에 따라 설문데이터와 DB 데이터를 함께 활용하여 모델을 검증하며 효과를 예측한다. 본 연구에서는 온라인과 오프라인 효과를 효과적으로 평가하기 위해 5단계와 10개의 세부절차로 구성된 EEM평가방법론을 제시하였다. 또한 제시된 방법론을 활용하여 대한민국 전자조달 G2B 시스템에 대해서 평가분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 EEM 모델과 평가방볍론은 평가대상에 따라 다각적인 적응이 가능하므로 향후 전자정부 정보화사업의 효과평가와 정책수립에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. 뿐만 아니라 민간기업의 대형시스템 도입 효과평가에도 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2017

Fungi of the Metarhizium genus are a very versatile model for understanding pathogenicity in insects and their symbiotic relationship with plants. To establish a co-transformation system for the transformation of multiple M. robertsii genes using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, we evaluated whether the antibiotic nourseothricin has the same marker selection efficiency as phosphinothricin using separate vectors. Subsequently, in the two vectors containing the nourseothricin and phosphinothricin resistance cassettes were inserted eGFP and mCherry expression cassettes, respectively. These new vectors were then introduced independently into A. tumefaciens and used to transform M. robertsii either in independent events or in one single co-transformation event using an equimolar mixture of A. tumefaciens cultures. The number of transformants obtained by co-transformation was similar to that obtained by the individual transformation events. This method provides an additional strategy for the simultaneous insertion of multiple genes into M. robertsii.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.227-242
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify the critical factors for the successful implementation of e-business in the public sector. The paper reports on a case study of the 'Onbid' asset-management system developed by the Korean Asset Management Corporation (KAMCO). 'Onbid' system is an e-marketplace for trading in public assets, including the disposition by public sale of real estate. Through this case study, the paper: (i) explores the changes in organizational culture that are required for successful e-transformation in organizations of public sectors; and (ii) identifies the critical success factors for the implementation of e-business in the public sector.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제9A권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2002

기존의 순차 프로그램에서 병렬성을 추출하는 연구들은 하나의 프로시저 내 변환에 치중되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 프로그램들은 프로시저간 잠재된 병렬성을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 자료 종속성 제거방법을 이용하여 프로시저 호출을 가진 루프에서 병렬성 추출 방식을 제안한다. 프로시저 호출을 포함하는 루프의 병렬화는 대부분 자료종석거리가 uniform 형태의 코드에서만 연구되었다. 본 논문에서는 자료종속거리가 uniform 코드와 nonuniform 코드에 대해 모두 적용 가능한 프로시저 간 변환 방법을 제시하였으며, 제시된 알고리즘의 성능평가를 위하여 CRAY T3E에서 성능평가하였고, 제시된 방법이 효과적임을 보였다.