• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2017

This study was performed to verify the relationships among selection attribute, restaurant trust, experiential value, and recommendation focusing on sport center consumers. The data were collected from visitors who registered more than three months in the sport center in South Korea. Total 500 survey was distributed and 330 participants were used for further statistical analysis. SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 21.0 for Windows were used for statistical analysis. Five factors of selection attribute (menu, interior, exterior, staff, convenience) were extracted, and measured by using 15 questions. According to the results of this study, interior, exterior, and staff factors have positive effects on restaurant trust, and interior and menu were significant predictors of the experiential value. In addition, present study confirmed the theoretical relationship among trust, experiential value, and recommend intention as perceived by sport center visitors. Although there are many studies which demonstrated the relationships among selection attribute and other outcome variables, little research explained the relationships among the variables from sport center consumers. Therefore, this study will contribute to provide meaningful results and some practical implications for both academia and the related foodservice industry.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the center of mass and lower extremity kinematic patterns between carved and basic paralell turn during alpine skiing. Six experienced skiers (age: $20.67{\pm}4.72yrs$, body mass: $72.67{\pm}7.15kg$, height: $171.00{\pm}5.51cm$) participated in this study. Each skier were asked to perform carved and basic paralell turn on a $22.95^{\circ}$ groomed slope. Each turn was divided into the initiation phase, steering phase 1 and 2. The results of this study show that the carved turn spent significantly less running time than basic paralell turn at all three phases (p<.05). Also vertical displacement of the center of mass was significantly greater in carved turn at all three phases, whereas inward leaning angle of the center of mass was significantly greater in carved turn at the steering phase 1 and 2 (p<.05). Bilateral knee and hip joint angle were significantly greater in basic paralell turn at the initiation phase and the steering phase 2 (p<.05). On the other hand, left knee and hip joint angle were significantly greater in basic paralell turn at the steering phase 1 (p<.05). In order to perform successful carved turn, we suggest that skiers should coordinate bilateral knee and hip joint angles to adjust the center of mass, depending on three ski turn phases.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2011

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the use of senior center and health-related quality of life in Korean older adults. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to two types of older adults who lived in Busan, Korea: 154 older adults who used a senior center and 137 older adults who did not use a senior center. The Korean version of short-form 36-item health survey was administered to assess the health-related quality of life. Demographic variables were obtained from a questionnaire. These were gender, age, family status, marital status, education, monthly income, present illness, body mass index and physical activity. Results: The 8-domain scales of physical function and role-physical were significantly higher in the users of the senior center compared with the non-users (F=4.87, p=0.027 and F=7.02, p=0.009, respectively). The 8-domain scales of vitality was also significantly higher in the users of the senior center compared with the non-users (F=7.48, p=0.007). Conclusions: The present study showed that the users of the senior center have higher physical function, role-physical and vitality compared with the non-users. These findings suggest that although the results are unable to specify causal relationships using the senior center may lead to some improvement in health-related quality of life.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.395-409
• /
• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to optimize the number and positions of foot pressure sensors using the reliability analysis of the center of pressure (COP) in smart shoes. Background: Foot pressure can be different according to foot region, and it is important which region of the foot pressure needs to be measured. Method: Thirty adults (age: $20.5{\pm}1.8years$, body weight: $71.4{\pm}6.5kg$, height: $1.76{\pm}0.04m$) participated in this study. The foot pressure data were collected using the insole of Pedar-X system (Novel GmbH, USA) with a sampling frequency of 100Hz during 1.3m/s speed walking on the treadmill (Instrumented treadmill, Bertec, USA). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated between the COP positions using 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 99 sensors, while one-way repeated measure ANOVA was performed between the standard deviation (SD) of the COP positions. Results: The medio-lateral (M/L) COP position using 99 sensors was positively correlated with the M/L COP positions using 6, 7, and 8 sensors; however, it was not correlated with the M/L COP positions using 4 and 5 sensors during landing phase (1~4%) (p<.05). The antero-posterior (A/P) COP position using 99 sensors was positively correlated with the A/P COP positions using 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 sensors (p<.05). The SD of the COP position using 99 sensors was smaller than the SD of the M/L COP positions using 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 sensors (p<.05). Conclusion: Based on our findings, it is desirable to arrange at least 6 sensors in smart shoes. Application: The study of optimizing the number and positions of foot pressure sensors would contribute to developing more effective smart shoes using foot pressure technology.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the falls on the center of pressure (CoP) complexity during gait using non-linear approximate entropy (ApEn). Method: 20 elderly women with experience of falling ($age=72.55{\pm}5.42yrs$; $height=154.40{\pm}4.26cm$; $body\;weight=57.40{\pm}6.21kg$; $preferred\;gait\;speed=0.52{\pm}0.17m/s$) and 20 elderly women with no experience of falling ($age=71.90{\pm}2.90yrs$; $height=155.28{\pm}4.73cm$; $body\;weight=56.70{\pm}5.241kg$; $preferred\;gait\;speed=0.56{\pm}0.13m/s$) were recruited for the study. While they were walking at their preferred gait speed on a treadmill (instrumented dual belt treadmills, Bertec, USA) with a force plate CoP data were collected for the 20 strides. The complexity of the CoP was analyzed using the ApEn technique. Results: The ApEn of the medial-lateral CoP in the fallers showed smaller about 16% compared to the non-fallers (p<.05). The ApEn of the antero-posterior CoP of the fallers showed smaller about 12% compared to the non-fallers, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the reduction of the medio-lateral CoP complexity in the elderly gait would be an index to determine the potential fall.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.221-228
• /
• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in gait parameters and symmetry between walking speed by using the Froude number and preferred walking speed. Method: Fifty adults (age: $21.0{\pm}1.7years$, body weight: $71.0{\pm}9.2kg$, height: $1.75{\pm}0.07m$, leg length: $0.89{\pm}0.05m$) participated in this study. Leg length-applied walking speed was calculated by using the Froude number, defined as Fr = ${\upsilon}^2$/gL, where v is the velocity, g is the gravitational acceleration, and L is the leg length. Video data were collected by using eight infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualysis, Sweden) and the Qualisys Track Manager software (Qualisys, Sweden), with a 200-Hz sampling frequency during two-speed walking (preferred walking speed [PS] and leg length-applied walking speed [LS]) on a treadmill (Instrumented Treadmill, Bertec, USA). The step length, stride length, support percentage, cadence, lower joint angle, range of motion (ROM), and symmetry index were then calculated by using the Matlab R2009a software. Results: Step and stride lengths were greater in LS than in PS (p < 0.05). The right single-support percentage was greater in LS than in PS (p < 0.05). The hip joint angle at heel contact and toe-off were greater in LS than in PS (p < 0.05). The hip and knee joint ROM were greater in LS than in PS (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on our findings, we suggest that increased walking speed had a significant effect on step length, stride length, support percentage, and lower joint ROM.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze muscle activation of the lower extremities as a function of changes of the center of pressure (CoP) of the foot during squats in order to provide quantitative information to trainers who would like to teach correct movements for developing muscles. Method: Ten men with over three years of weight training experience participated in this study (age: $26.1{\pm}0.8yrs$, height: $171.2{\pm}3.9cm$, body mass: $71.1{\pm}5.7kg$, 60%RM: $84{\pm}9kg$, career: $4.0{\pm}0.7yrs$). The participants were instructed to perform a squat in each of 3 conditions, with different CoP's (the front, middle, and rear of the foot). Results: The position of the CoP showed significant differences according to instructions in both the eccentric and concentric contraction phases (p < .05). The range of movement of the hip and ankle joints showed significant differences corresponding to changes of the CoP position (p < .05). The rectus femoris and gluteus maximus muscle showed significant differences for different CoP positions only in the concentric contraction phase, while the gastrocnemius and anterior tibialis were significantly different in both the concentric and eccentric contraction phase (p < .05). Conclusion: When the target muscle of squat training is the gastrocnemius, the CoP should be located in the front of the foot for effective muscle training. When the target muscles of squat training are the gluteus maximus and quadriceps femoris, the CoP should be located on the rear of the foot.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the balance differences between skilled players and less-skilled players during Hakdariseogi motion of Keumgang Poomsae in Taekwondo. To achieve the study goal, total of 10 Taekwondo athletes; 5 skilled players(S, body mass: $67.0{\pm}5.7$ kg, height: $174.0{\pm}4.8$ cm, age: $20.0{\pm}2.0$ yrs) and 5 less-skilled players(LS, body mass: $73.0{\pm}4.9$ kg, height: $176.4{\pm}6.1$ cm, age: $20.8{\pm}1.3$ yrs) participated in this study. A three-dimensional motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and one force plate whose sampling frequency as 30 Hz and 300 Hz, respectively, were performed. Participants' motion were divided into three phases which were preparation phase(P1), performing phase(P2) and maintaining phase(P3). The range and velocities of COP, the range and RMS of ground reaction torque and displacement between COM and center of BOS of each phase were computed. In this study, at P1 and P3 which were double and single stance, respectively, the range and M-L velocities of COP revealed significantly higher in LS compared with those of S(p<.05). At P2 which was single stance, LS indicated significantly higher in range of COP and ground reaction torque, and M-L velocities of COP than those of S(p<.05). The significantly shorter displacement between COM and center of BOS, however, was found in LS compared with that of S(p<.05). The results from our study indicated that S revealed more stable performance and a better posture control ability during performing Hakdariseogi motion.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.51-69
• /
• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study is to suggest new terminology for the ninety-five hand techniques based on the significance of their angular momentum, determined by analyzing each technique's influence or impact on the compartmentalized angular momentum of the trunk, upper arm, and forearm in the Taekwondo Poomsae. Method: An athlete who won the 2014 World Taekwondo Poomsae championship was selected and agreed to participate in the data collection phase of our investigation. The video data was collected using eight infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualysis, Sweden) and the Qualisys Track Manager software (Qualisys, Sweden). The angular momentum of each movement was then calculated using the Matlab R2009a software (The Mathworks, Inc., USA). Results: The classification of the ninety-five hand techniques in the Taekwondo Poomsae based on the significance of each segment's momentum is as follows. Makgi (blocking) is classified into fourteen categories, jireugi (punching) is classified into three categories, chigi (hitting) was classified into six categories, palgupchigi (elbow hitting) was classified into four categories, and jjireugi (thrusting) was classified two categories. Conclusion: This study offers a new approach, based on a biomechanical method, to the classification of the hand techniques that reflect kinesthetic motions in the Taekwondo Poomsae.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.261-266
• /
• 2010

Human body is hard to be in perfect balance during walking. Most of time the trunk is supported by one leg and the center of mass(COM) falls to the contralateral side. Thus, dynamic variables such as the velocity of the COM should be considered when gait stability is evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the extrapolated center of mass(XCom) which utilized the COM position and its velocity, is appropriate to evaluate gait stability. Ten healthy adults participated in this study and performed 3 different types of gaits(normal(NG), hands on waists(HWG), and hands on shoulders(HSG)) onto 4 different types of obstacle(obstacle height: 0%, 30%, 40% and 50% of leg length). Medio-lateral Com-CoP and XCom-CoP inclination angle were calculated during support phase. For all condition, greater M-L XCoM-CoP inclination angles were found(p<.05) compared with those of matched obstacle height CoM-CoP. Especially, M-L XCoM-CoP inclination angle at 50% height revealed the best condition for monitoring dynamic stability. Significantly increased in M-L XCoM-CoP inclination angle was found(p<.05) as obstacle height increased on NG and HWG.