• 한국어류학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2010

파랑점자돔(Blue devil, Pomacentrus caeruleus, 혼용되고 있는 학명으로 Chrysiptera cyaneus)은 인도양과 태평양에 널리 분포하는 어종으로 전 세계 해수관상어 시장에서 가장 대중적으로 유통되고 있다. 그러나 파랑점자돔의 인공 생산 기술은 개발되어 있지 않다. 이 연구에서는 파랑점자돔의 성공적인 종묘생산 기술 개발을 목적으로 산란생태에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 확인된 산란 행동은 태양력과 태음력을 기준으로 분석하였다. 사육조건은 수온 $27^{\circ}C$, 염분 30 ppt 전후이며 사육수조의 수용량은 80에서 125 L의 크기였다. 성공적으로 이루어진 인공번식 기술개발 과정에서 파랑점자돔은 1마리의 수컷과 2마리 이상의 암컷이 하렘(harem) 을 형성하는 것이 관찰되었으며 12월부터 10월까지 11개 월간에 2무리의 파랑점자돔 하렘으로부터 44회의 산란이 확인되었고 113,580개의 수정란을 수거할 수 있었다. 특히 5월과 6월에 산란횟수와 산란량이 크게 증가하였다. 그리고 태음력의 달의 위상(모양)에 따라 파랑점자돔의 규칙적인 산란생태가 관찰되었는데 대조에 해당되는 삭과 망에는 전혀 산란행동이 관찰되지 않았지만 소조에 해당되는 상현과 하현에는 가장 높은 산란량과 산란횟수가 관찰되었다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.235-247
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• 2009

나로도를 중심으로 한 한국 남해안에서 발생하는 C. polykrikoides 적조의 원인 규명을 위해 1995년부터 2008년까지 국립수산과학원이 조사한 정선해양관측 및 위성정보 자료에 기초하여 동계 및 하계에 있어서의 수온염분 분포의 특징을 조사하였다. C. polykrikoides 적조는 나로도 주변 해역에서의 평균 수온이 약 $25.0{\sim}26.0^{\circ}C$, 염분이 약 31.00 psu 전후일 때 가장 많이 발생하였다. 한국남해 연안수와 외해수 사이에는 동계 및 하계에 각각 서로 다른 열염전선이 관측되었다. 즉, 동계에는 저온저염의 한국남해 연안수, 쓰시마 난류계의 중간수, 고온고염의 쓰시마 난류, 저온저염의 중국대륙 연안수 사이에 네 개의 전선이 관측되었다. 반면, 하계에는 저온고염의 한국남해 연안수, 고온저염의 쓰시마 난류, 고온고염의 중국대륙 연안수 사이에 두 개의 전선이 관측되었다. 이러한 열염전선은 서로 물리적 성질이 다른 수괴에 의해 형성된다는 사실이 T-S diagram을 통해서도 확인되었다. 이상으로부터, 나로도 주변해역에서 하계에 발생하는 C. polykrikoides 적조는 한국남해 연안수와 쓰시마 난류 사이에 형성되는 열염전선과 밀접한 연관을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.399-407
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• 2014

컨테이너터미널의 증가로 터미널 물량이 분산되어 기존 물동량 보존과 새로운 물동량 유치 경쟁이 치열해지고 있으며 이에 터미널 물동량 처리 능력과 유치에 다양한 방법을 모색하고 있다. 컨테이너터미널은 물동량처리 능력을 향상시키기 위해서 최신 장비 확충과 최신 터미널 시스템 개발을 통해 터미널의 생산성 향상과 효율성 극대화에 노력을 기울이고 있다. 컨테이너터미널의 생산성 향상에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인은 다양하게 존재 한다. 그중 야드 이송장비의 경우, 특정 선석크레인(GC, Gantry Crane)에 야드 트랙터(YT, Yard Tractor)가 고정 할당되는 방식에서 다수 선석크레인(GC, Gantry Crane)에 야드 트랙터(YT, Yard Tractor)가 적절하게 분산 할당 방식으로 처리하는 Pooling System으로 전환하게 되면 터미널 생산성과 YT의 가용성을 높일 수 있다. 컨테이너터미널에서 생산성 지표가 되는 KPI는 GC 생산성이고 GC 생산성은 물리적인 GC 작업 속도를 넘어설 수 없기에 Pooling System 적용하여 생산성을 높이는데 의미와 효과는 크다. 본 논문에서는 컨테이너터미널에서 생산성 향상을 위해 이송장비 운영을 더 효율적으로 할 수 있도록 Pooling System 알고리즘을 제시하고 실제로 컨테이너터미널에 적용하여 Non Pooling System과 Pooling System 생산성을 비교하였다. 이송장비 풀링시스템을 도입하여 타 터미널에 비해 생산성을 향상함으로써 터미널 비즈니스에 있어 지속적인 서비스 질과 수익성 향상을 위한 필수불가결한 요소가 될 수가 있다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1983

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 잣나무(Pinus Koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc,) 종비나무(Picea Koraiensis Nakai) 두 수종(樹種)의 침엽수(針葉樹)와 층층나무(Cornus Controversa Hemsley), 아카시아(Robinia Pseudoacacia Linne) 및 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica Fischer) 등(等) 3수종(樹種)의 활엽수(闊葉樹)를 선정(選定)하여 Urea formaldehyde resin, Melamine formaldehyde resin 및 Urea-melamine formaldehyde resin 를 사용(使用)하여 각(各) 제재판(製材板)에 일면도포(一面塗布)로 $200g/m^2$ 하고 압체압력(壓締壓力)은 $10kg/cm^2$, 상온(常溫)에서 48시간(時間) 압체(壓締)하여 전단강도(剪斷强度) 및 목파율(木破率), 인장강도(引張强度), 휨강도(强度) 등(等)을 측정(測定)하여 접착성능(接着性能)을 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 접착제별(接着劑別)의 차이(差異)는 없으나 각(各) 수종별(樹種別)의 차이(差異)는 현저(顯著)하게 나타났다. 2. 목파율(木破率)은 각(各) 접착제(接着劑)에 관계(關係)없이 종비나무재(材)가 크게 나타난 것은 목재강도(木材强度) 보다 접착력(接着力)이 좋은 것이다. 3. 인장강도(引張强度)는 각(各) 접착제(接着劑)에 무관계(無關係)하며 잣나무재(材)만 최소치(最少値)로 나타났다. 4. 휨강도(强度)는 활엽수(闊葉樹)인 아카시아재(材)가 현저(顯著)하게 크게 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2231-2235
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• 2013

Background: Categorizing breast tumors based on the ER, PR and HER/Neu 2 receptor status is necessary in order to predict outcome and assist in management of breast cancer. Herfe we assessed this question in South Indian patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 619 formalin fixed paraffin embedded breast tumor tissues were collected from pathology archives after receipt of ethical clearance. With the help of primary and secondary conjugated antibodies, expression status of ER, PR and HER2/neu was determined. All the experimental data were assessed for correlations with histopathological features of tumors and clinical presentation of the subjects. Results: In the present study, the ages ranged from 20-87 years with a mean of $50.0{\pm}12.q$ years, and majority of the tumors (84%) were of infiltrating duct cell carcinoma type. Assessment of ER, PR and Her-2/neu expression showed that 46% were triple negative. Interestingly, an inverse relation between ER, PR and HER-2/neu was apparent in 41.2% (p<0.0001) of the tumors, of which 24.5% (p<0.0001) were ER and PR co-negative but HER-2 positive. Conclusions: ER and PR positive tumors are less common (i.e<30%) compared to HER-2/neu positive tumors (i.e>50%) in Indian breast cancer patients, underlining the need for effective diagnostic screening and specific therapeutic managements in order to improve the survival rate of patients in low resource countries such as India.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.65-87
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to perform basic study on environmental and respiratory diseases in Ulsan and vicinities. Also, this study evaluated the actual state of environmental disease and health education at middle and high schools in Ulsan and surroundings. Methods: For this study, we conducted a survey on the health of the general public, environmental effects, and investigated the characteristics of environmental disease, health and hygiene education, etc. The populations of this study were middle and high school students in Ulsan, Korea. This study investigated the knowledge of environmental disease and health education at schools in Ulsan and vicinities from November 2009 to December 2009. All statistical calculations were performed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, and gained the following results by implementing Frequency Analysis, Cross-tabulation Analysis and ANOVA. Results: As more and more environmental diseases are increased, the interest of the people has been increasing on this. The incidence rates of asthma and atopy were represented the top 25% of the country in Korea. The source of heavy metal, PAHs and VOCs in Ulsan includes the Petrochemical Complex at Nam-gu and Ulju-gun, the Nonferrous Metal Industrial Complex at Onsan-eup, Ulju-gun, and the Heavy Industrial Complex at Dong-gu and Buk-gu. Especially, there are a number of fossil fuel combustion facilities such as waste incineration plants and boilers at Nam-gu and the Onsan Industrial Complex. It may help greatly to investigate the characteristics of environmental pollutants such as environmental air pollutant and indoor contaminant to better manage the local student's health. Conclusions: It has been revealed that the hazardous chemicals and environmental contaminants are main substances of cause for asthma, atopy, dermatitis, and allergy disease. Therefore, through with collecting basic data such as environmental disease of inhabitants, health education, conscious and knowledgeable level in parents of students and students, We have to exert to improve knowledge and prevention with health life in school through development of health education program systematically for preventing of environmental disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1510-1517
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• 2003

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of brewery waste (BW) replacement of concentrate (C) in growing duck diets. In Exp. 1, which was carried out on-station, 300 ducklings were allocated in a $2{\times}5$ factorial experiment: Two breeds (local Muscovy and crosses of French and local Muscovy)${\times}5$ levels of C and with BW offered ad libitum. Concentrate only ad libitum as the control diet (C100), and levels of 75% (C75), 50% (C50), 25% (C25) and 0% (C0) of the amount of the control diet consumed, and with BW ad libitum. In Exp. 2, 200 ducklings were allocated in a $2{\times}2$ factorial experiment on five smallholdings: two breeds (local and crossbred Muscovy ducks)${\times}2$ diets (the C100 and C50 diets from Exp.1). In Exp.1 total dry matter (DM), BW, crude fiber (CF) and crude protein (CP) intakes were highest on the C0 diet and ME and lysine intakes lowest (p<0.001). Daily live weight gains were higher for the crossbred ducks than for the local Muscovies (p<0.05) and were highest for treatments C100 and C50, and lowest for treatment C0 (p<0.05). Weights of breast muscle, liver and abdominal fat were significantly higher for the crossbred ducks. Breast and thigh muscle and abdominal fat weights were significantly higher for the C100, C75 and C50 diets, while gizzard weights were highest for the C25 and C0 treatments. Net profits were higher for the crosses, and for treatments C50 and C25. In Exp. 2 total DM, CF and CP intakes were significantly higher for the C50 diet, and ME intakes lower (p<0.001). Daily gains of the crosses were significantly higher than those of the local Muscovy ducks, and were similar for the C100 and C50 diets. The highest net profits were from the crosses and ducks fed the C50 diet. It was concluded that BW can replace 50% of the concentrate in growing Muscovy duck diets without reducing daily live weight gains and with improved economic benefits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.353-361
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• 1990

A number of correlation and regression analyses were performed on data from apparent and true digestibility of amino acids at ileal and fecal level with finishing pigs, in order to investigate whether these amino acid digestibilities could be predicted with certainly degree on their fiber fractions content (chemical analysis). The data comprised 16 diets varying in 4 levels of crude fiber and from 4 fiber sources. The relationships between fiber fractions including crude fiber (CF), NDF, ADF lignin and cellulose contents on apparent and true digestibility of almost all amino acids in both ileal and fecal level were negative, except glutamine at fecal level. In apparent digestibility at ileal level, the correlations of fiber fractions were moderate (r of NDF = 0.53 to 0.63; ADF, 0.50 to 0.77; cellulose, 0.50 to 0.75), with an exception of CF content was relatively high (r of 0.58 to 0.81). The correlations to true digestibility of amino acids were weaker. In case of at fecal level, the higher correlation (negative) was found with NDF than CF content. Estimations of amino acids digestibility were performed using regression equation. The data showed that apparent digestibility of amino acids could be estimated for almost amino acids except arginine, threonine, valine and tyrosine at fecal level and phenylalaine, valine and glycine at ileal level. The best prediction at ileal and fecal level ($r^2=0.55-0.77$ and 0.52-0.76), respectively was obtained with NDF content. Prediction for true digestibility of amino acids, none of fiber fractions could be estimated for arginine, leucine and valine at all collection levels. At ileal level, CF could be used for most of amino acids except phenylalanine, glycine and praline; cellulose, only for lysine and methionine and NDF, only for proline. At fecal level, glutamine digestibility could be estimated only from CF and ADF content. The best predictor at ileal level was ADF content whereas at fecal level was NDF content. These results indicate that lignin content could not be used as predictor for all amino acids at both levels neither in apparent nor true digestibility.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.631-639
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• 2001

Two experiments were carried out concerning the effects of urea-molasses cake (UMC) and its separate components as supplements on rumen environment, in sacco feed degradability and intake of swamp buffaloes fed rice straw, grasses or a mixture of grasses and rice straw. Experiment 1 was a change-over design with 4 animals and 6 treatments. The buffaloes were fed rice straw ad libitum, and the experimental treatments were: no supplementation (R); 700 g of the complete urea-molasses cake (RUMC); 53.2 g urea (RU); 276 g rice bran and 52.5 coconut meal (RRC); 26.6 g salt, 26.6 g bone meal and 2.1 g trace minerals (RMi); and 25 g molasses (RMo). Experiment 2 was a Latin square design with four diets and four animals. The treatments were: rice straw ad libitum and mixed grass (RG) at 2.5 g dry matter per kg live weight (LW); RG plus 700 g urea-molasses cake (RGUMC); mixed grass ad libitum (G); and G plus 700 g cake (GUMC). In both experiments the supplements were fed once daily. In Exp. 1 although the rumen pH was significantly different (p<0.05) among diets, it varied only from 6.90 to 7.06. The ruminal ammonia was also significantly (p<0.05) different among the diets with RUMC significantly higher than R. Total bacterial and protozoal counts were significantly (p<0.05) higher for the RUMC, RU, RMo and RRC diets. Total feed and rice straw intakes were highest for RUMC (p<0.05) and lowest for the RMi and RMo diets, but in sacco degradability of four different roughages were not significantly different among diets. In Exp. 2, rumen pHs of the diets differed significantly and (p<0.01) ranged from 7.04 - 7.19. Ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentrations (mg/100 ml) were also significantly different (p<0.05), and higher for the RGUMC, G and GUMC diets. The total counts of bacteria and protozoa were significantly (p<0.05) higher for the RGUMC, G and GUMC diets. The total feed intake and roughage intake were significantly (p<0.05) higher for the RGUMC, G and GUMC diets compared to the RG diet. Correspondingly, LW changes also differed among treatments (p=0.06). It was concluded that there were significant increases in rumen $NH_3-N$ concentration, microbial populations and feed intake in the buffaloes by UMC supplementation, whereas the significant difference in in sacco DM degradation was not found by any type of supplementation. There seemed to be a need of a combination of urea, molasses, minerals and other protein nitrogen sources to enhance rice straw intake. Adding grass to the rice straw diet at 0.25% LW (DM) should also be considered to maintain buffalo rumen function and production with UMC supplementation, when rice straw is the main roughage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.445-449
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• 1998

Semen quality was compared between the local Katjang and the cross-bred (local Katjang ♀ ${\times}$ German Fawn ♂) bucks. There were on significant genotypic differences in semen characteristics of concentration (first ejaculate : $6.19{\pm}1.30$ -versus $6.33{\pm}1.40{\times}10^9/ml;$second ejaculate: $5.82{\pm}1.10$ - versus $5.68{\pm}1.45{\times}10^9/ml$, for Katjang and the cross-breds, respectively), percentage live (first ejaculate: $77.61{\pm}1.33%$ versus $77.81{\pm}0.53%$; second ejaculate: $81.97{\pm}1.59%$ versus $82.74{\pm}0.96%$, for Katjang and cross-breds, respectively) and percentage of normal sperms (first ejaculate: $12.54{\pm}3.88%$ versus $26.45{\pm}3.83%$; second ejaculate: $38.68{\pm}3.65%$ versus $28.54{\pm}4.38%$, for Katjang and cross-breds, respectively), with the exception of seminal volume and sperm motility. Means of all variables were within the values reported for other goat breeds, In contrast, the differences in semen characteristics between the first and second ejaculations of both genotypes were more distinct, the second ejaculations always had more volume, more normal sperms and better sperm motility but less sperm concentrations. Removing the seminal plasma and replacing it with tris-citrate buffer greatly prolonged the viability of sperms of both genotypes when stored at $5{^{\circ}C}$. Sperm motility seens to be a good indicator of sperm viability. However, the sperms of the corss-bred bucks withstood the washing process better and their swimming abilities were superior ($8.12{\pm}0.46mm/min$) when compared to those of the local Katjang breed ($5.42{\pm}0.49mm/min$). The higher content of calcium ions in their seminal plasma (first ejaculate: $10.5{\pm}0.8$ versus $10.6{\pm}0.8mg/100ml$;second ejaculate: $15.3{\pm}0.8$ versus $16.1{\pm}0.8mg/100ml$, for Katjang and cross-breds, respectively) means that in natural matings the sperms of the cross-breds would be at an advantage compared to those of the local Katjang, since calcium ions reportedly initiate acrosomal reactions.