• 토지주택연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2014

Paris hasn't experienced such excitement since the huge changes brought about by Baron Haussmann in the 19th century. Paris Rive Gauche project, started in 1991, is the largest urban project in city ever since, it represents about 1% of Paris territory. It takes place on a workshops, factories and warehouses area that prospered along the Seine river and the railways in the 19th century. Originally planned as a business quarter, Paris Rive Gauche, developed by SEMAPA for the City of Paris, fosters urban diversity through housing, offices, public facilities, shops, creating a stimulating neighbourhood where 18,000 residents, 30,000 students as well as 60,000 employees will soon croth paths. This project's main principles are urban and social diversity, deployment of public facilites, the development of new university campus inside the city, promotion of industrial patrimony and connecting the old 13th distict to the river and the opposite side. Half of the project is going to be built on a concrete slab that covers the railway tracks which is one of the major performances of this long-term project. This concrete slab represents the new level of the City, about 6 to 8 meters above the railway tracks. We distinguish three families of buildings on the cover : Classic buildings; Bridges buildings and Connection buildings, these last guarantee the linkage between old and new level of the City.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2018

"Death is the side of life which is turned away from us." The life of people in Seoul, however, is disconnected from death. Why? This article compares the historical changes in the cemetery disposition of Paris and Seoul to answer this question. The cemetery is always a meeting place between the living and the dead. In pre-modern cities, the cemetery was close to the people's daily life. However, the fundamental change of urban structure due to modernization has a great influence on the cemetery. With the advent of the train, the world has shrunk and the city has expanded unprecedentedly. In such a situation, the cemetery is expelled to the outside of the city. However, while Paris and Seoul share the same overall flow, they responded differently to the plans for the establishment of large-scale remote cemeteries. In Paris, the plan was canceled by citizens who value their relationship with the dead. On the other hand, Seoul was unable to manage the cemetery due to social confusion in 20th century. All cemeteries were expelled as industrialization began. As a result, there is no public cemetery or ossuary at present in Seoul. In Seoul, about 20 years ago however, a new kind of place for the dead began to appear. It is an ossuary attached to religious facilities. In other words, the current cemetery of Seoul is divided into two forms : the public cemetery, which is expelled from the city, and the private ossuary, which is attached to religious facilities built in the city.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.102-118
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to derive the characteristics of fashion that appeared in the daily life of bourgeois women in Paris in the late 19th-century, and to examine the attitudes women showed toward fashion in the modernized city of Paris. The research method was a literature study and a visual data analysis study targeting fashion of bourgeois women from 1860s to 1900s out of Mary Cassatt's 155 works and Berthe Morisot's 147 works from Wikiart's digital images. The characteristics and attitudes showed in fashion in terms of women's painter's work, women's daily life, and women's space are as follows. First, while the subject matter of their works was restricted to the house, fashion was described with the sensual colors, elegance, and sophistication anticipated of a woman's nature. The represented attitude toward women and fashion includes advice for pursuing the dignity of maternal love and women's intellectual life, as well as an attempt to reflect a current point of view on the woman image. Second, the daily life of bourgeois women was childcare, needlework, reading, and grooming. They valued socialization and entertainment as well as intimacy and education with children, so they wore different clothes depending on the situation. This suggested that it was necessary to dress appropriately both at home and when going out. Third, despite the fact that the public space for women was limited, they dressed elegantly in a variety of trends when they went out. This was fashion worn only for appearance.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2017

전 세계가 고등교육 서비스 산업 및 인재 유치 차원에서 유학생 유치에 총력을 기울이고 있는 가운데 통계청에 따르면 우리나라 외국인 유학생은 2015년에 9만명을 넘었으며, 2016년에는 10만 4,262명으로 증가하였으며 향후 그 수치는 계속 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 그 동안 정부의 외국인 유학생 유치 확대 의지에도 불구하고 기숙사의 양적 부족과 기숙사 시설 등 대학의 기본적인 인프라 부족이 제약요인으로 작용한다는 판단 하에 외국 유학생들에 대한 기숙사 제공 확대 방침을 추진하고 있지만 외국인 유학생 기숙사 수용률은 2016년 전국 평균 36.0%로 저조하며 수도권에 집중하는 외국인 유학생들의 거주문제는 곤란을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 이번 연구에서는 국내에서 사례를 더해가고 있는 공공기관이 주도하는 대학 공동기숙사와 서울 유학생을 위학 학사 등의 공동기숙사의 개념과 추이를 살펴보고 외국 공동기숙사의 선례인 파리 대학도시와 도쿄 국제교류관을 비교 분석하여 설립과, 운영, 규모, 문화의 특성을 추출하여 확장된 개념의 외국인 유학생 공동기숙사로서의 대안 가능성과 건립방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the color characteristics of menswear in different cities, focusing on the Paris, Milan, New York, Tokyo, and London collections. To answer the research question, the sampled colors were classified according to their hues and tones for frequency analysis and cross-analysis. The results are as follows: 'Red', which appeared frequently in the S/S and F/W seasons, was a core color in menswear design, and regardless of the season, 'blackish tones' were most commonly used. The cross-analysis uncovered a significant difference in the trends of hues in the F/W season between the cities. The colors that were more frequently used among the cities were as follows: 'blue-green' in the Paris collection, 'blue' and 'purple' in the Milan collection, 'purple' and 'purple-blue' in the London collection, 'yellow' in the New York collection, and 'red' and 'green' in the Tokyo collection. This study illustrates the significance of the F/W season's use of colors in menswear design and discovered through analysis that hues, rather than tones, were used to express individuality. These results are expected to be used as basic data for the analysis of menswear design trends.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.76-92
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to find the meaning of women's fashion in the city culture of Paris in the nineteenth century by examining paintings by the Impressionists. The research method was based on literature survey and visual examination paintings, 224 paintings(by ${\acute{E}}douard$ Manet, James Tissot, Edgar DeGas, Gustave Cailleboat, Jean $B{\acute{e}}raud$, Pierre-Auguste Renoir) were analyzed in this study. The results are as follows: In the nineteenth century, Paris was a new city with new department stores. Department stores were centers of consumer culture, where the power of capital appeared rather than class. The spatial backgrounds of Impressionist paintings were places where they could see the consumption and leisure culture of urban people, such as outdoor parks, cafes, theaters, ballrooms, bars, streets, and the boats. As for the characteristics of women's fashion in paintings, it was found that various changes of artificial silhouettes were developed. Various frills, ruffles, gatherings, and pleats were thought to have been made by machines. In the urban space, many of the women's costumes stood out because of the black color. Not only the black color came to represent widows and mourning but the black outfits worn by women enhanced their sensual appearances. Women's fashion expressed in Impressionist paintings eventually contained a modern meaning that changed from 'class symbol' to 'expression of taste'. And the symbol of consumer and leisure culture showed, and a Demimonde's fashion became a trendsetter, and painters were used as an important element expressing modernity.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2022

The increase in the number of large cities and the size of their population sharpens attention to the new role of cities as entities to ensure a high-quality, safe and modern life of citizens, which has become significantly more active in recent years. The rapid spread of smart cities in the modern world has actualized the issue of analyzing their success and assessing the role of various factors in this. Every success of a smart city is always the result of a unique combination of the most modern technologies, environmental and social initiatives, skillful and consistent management, as well as available human potential. The purpose of the article is to analyze the success factors of smart cities based on the generalization of the results of the most famous ratings. In order to identify the impact of various factors, primarily intellectual, on the success and leadership positions of smart cities, the following ratings were consistently analyzed: Smart City Index (SCI), City in Motion Index (CIMI), Global Power City Index (GPCI), Global Cities Index (GCI), Global Cities Outlook (GCO). They have a different list of indicators and main pillars (dimensions), but all ratings take into account aspects such as: governance, ICT, mobility, functionality, human capital, etc. The highest correlation coefficient, that is, the strongest linear relationship of the CIMI index was found with such factors as: Human capital, Economy, Governance and Technologies. Summarizing the results of the TOP 20 smart cities according to different ratings allowed us to confirm that the list of leaders is very similar in all ratings. Among those cities that are in the TOP-20 in all five indexes are: London, Sydney and Singapore. There are four indices: New York, Paris, Tokyo, Copenhagen, Berlin, Amsterdam, Melbourne. Achieving leadership positions in smart city rankings is always the result of a combination and synergy of certain factors, and first of all, it is the quality of human capital. The intensity and success of the use of information and communication technologies in locality management processes, city planning and improvement of the city's living conditions depend on it.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.102-114
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• 2016

파리 기후변화협약에 따라 온실가스 감축의 대안으로 도시가스가 각광받고 있다. 본 논문은 한국과 일본 도시가스산업의 경제적 파급효과를 한국은행의 산업연관표(2013)와 일본 경제산업성의 산업연관표(2011)를 활용하여 비교분석하였다. 분석의 결과, 생산유발효과, 부가가치유발효과, 취업유발효과 등은 모두 한국이 일본보다 크게 나타났다. 그러나 공급지장효과와 물가파급효과 역시 한국이 일본보다 크게 나타나는 것으로 분석되었다. 이에 따라 한국의 도시가스산업을 활성화하기 위해 생산유발, 부가가치유발 및 취업유발효과 등을 확대하고, 공급지장과 물가파급효과 등을 예측하여 국민경제를 안정화할 수 있는 정책이 함께 마련되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2020

연구목적: 본 연구에서는 스마트시티를 추진하는 과정에서 정보통신기술의 기술적 측면뿐 아니라 사람, 사회, 문화의 중요성을 인지하여 미래의 시민 생활환경을 제고한 삶의 질 개선 및 살기 좋은 도시로 거듭날 수 있는 사회-참여 중심의 스마트시티 조성방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법: 리빙랩 방식으로 시민들의 생활여건과 삶의 질 향상을 도모한 암스테르담과 문화콘텐츠와 디지털 기술을 결합한 스마트 콘텐츠 개발에 선도적인 파리의 사례를 분석하고 사회-참여 중심의 스마트 리빙랩 플랫폼 실행방안을 제시한다. 연구결과: 사회-참여 중심의 스마트시티 조성을 위한 성장전략으로는 사람 중심의 사회혁신시스템을 정립하여 스마트 플랫폼 구축, 기술 및 사회혁신분야 간 탄력통합적 상호협력체계 플랫폼 구축 등이다. 결론: 건강하고 지속가능한 커뮤니티조성, 인종 및 공간 형평성을 통한 다양한 커뮤니티와 지역사회참여, 사회경제적 불평등을 극복한 기회 창출을 위한 추진요소로 커뮤니티서비스와 도시마케팅을 설정하고 ICT에 기반한 사회-참여 중심의 스마트시티 전략을 제시하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1939-1949
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 파리, 런던, 뉴욕, 서울에서의 2006년 F/W 스트릿 패션을 고찰하여 다문화권적 현 추세에서 지역별 이질성 및 유사성을 확인하는 것으로 마켓에 있는 현재의 패션 트렌드를 이해하는 것에 중점을 두었다. 사진촬영법에 의하여 4개 지역의 패션 스트릿에서 같은 기간 동안 $20{\sim}50$대 여성들로 추정되는 대상들의 착장을 디지털 카메라를 사용하여 촬영한 후 데이터로 사용할 수 있는 신뢰성 있는 사진들로부터 필요한 정보를 SPSS에 입력하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 런던/파리, 뉴욕, 서울로 마켓 지역을 세분화하여 고찰한 결과 서울은 서구 지역과는 달리 외의의 색상에서도 블랙이 강세이기 보다는 화이트, 베이지 계열이 높은 퍼센트를 차지하였고, 하의도 진이 주류를 이루었으며 투명한 스타킹 착용자가 많아 외모지향을 그대로 표출하였다. 상의 외투의 재료에 있어서는 런던/파리, 뉴욕, 서울은 유사하게 울 또는 그와 비슷한 소재가 강세를 이루었으나 뉴욕의 경우에는 검정색 힙 길이의 패딩 재킷과 스키니 바지를 입는 착장이 다른 지역보다 좀더 두드러져 차이를 보였다. 그러나 바지의 경우 전체적으로 스키니가 강세이며 런던/파리, 뉴욕에서 매우 높은 착장률을 보였고 이와는 다르게 서울 지역은 스키니도 강세이지만 미니나 쇼트 같은 하의가 타지역보다 비율이 높아서 상이한 착장실태를 보여주었다. 이와 같이 아이템별로 서울 사람들은 일부는 유러피언과 유사하고 일부는 뉴욕과 유사한 착장형태를 하고 있으며 또한 서울의 소비자들이 DIY 스타일도 보여 좀 더 다양하게 겨울 시즌에 옷을 연출하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구는 착장실태에 관한 조사를 주로 하였으나 향후 각 패션 도시의 문화적 특성이나 소비자 행동에 관한 서베이를 동시에 병행하고 다년간 리서치를 진행한다면 좀더 학계 및 업계에 기여도가 클 것으로 사료된다.