• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.9-21
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• 2020

Objectives: This study is to understand and develop Acupuncture treatment in Korean Medicine(韓醫學). Methods : Firstly, the definitions of Acupuncture Prescription(鍼 處方) and Methods of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法) were clarified. Secondly, the results from the researches of previously existing Acupuncture Prescriptions(鍼 處方) were analyzed. Results ＆ Conclusions : Acupuncture Prescription(鍼 處方) represents the results achieved from combining Acupuncture Points(腧穴) according to the symptoms of diseases. Methods of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法) denote methodologies for proposing Acupuncture Prescriptions(鍼 處方) which were accomplished by combining Acupuncture Points(腧穴) based on a specific theory. The existing methods of combining Acupuncture Points(腧穴) derived from the analysis of Acupuncture Prescription (鍼 處方) have a meaning in suggesting a direction for acupuncture treatments. However, deficiencies still exist to restore the absence of universality and objectivity in acupuncture treatment. Researches on Methods of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法) based on the principle are required accordingly. The concept of hierarchy exists in Acupuncture Prescription(鍼 處方) and it ranks Acupuncture Points(腧穴) as primary and secondary according to the indications of the Acupuncture Points(腧穴). Since there is the time difference in needling process, the concept of hierarchy is fulfilled through the needling procedure.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.133-159
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• 2008

Every field of studies form its theory through its universal method and own method based on respective views with its own culture and contributes to academic advancement with appropriate research methodology within theory. Therefore, If methology of oriental medicine is not include universal method and particularity method in research methology, it will not obtain scientific character and lose its logic. The methology of oriental medicine is classified by two approaches, universal methology of natural science which inspect the effect through experimentation on the fact, and particularity methology of human science which understand the effect through translation on the value(politics, economics, society, philosophy, history and culture). In this paper, the methodology of oriental medicine contains duality including both universality and particularity.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.837-847
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• 2011

For an integer $m{\geq}3$, every integer of the form $p_m(x)$ = $\frac{(m-2)x^2(m-4)x}{2}$ with x ${\in}$ $\mathbb{Z}$ is said to be a generalized m-gonal number. Let $a{\leq}b{\leq}c$ and k be positive integers. The quadruple (k, a, b, c) is said to be universal if for every nonnegative integer n there exist integers x, y, z such that n = $ap_k(x)+bp_k(y)+cp_k(z)$. Sun proved in [16] that, when k = 5 or $k{\geq}7$, there are only 20 candidates for universal quadruples, which h listed explicitly and which all involve only the case of pentagonal numbers (k = 5). He veri ed that six of the candidates are in fact universal and conjectured that the remaining ones are as well. In a subsequent paper [3], Ge and Sun established universality for all but seven of the remaining candidates, leaving only (5, 1, 1, t) for t = 6, 8, 9, 10, (5, 1, 2, 8) and (5, 1, 3, s) for s = 7, 8 as candidates. In this article, we prove that the remaining seven quadruples given above are, in fact, universal.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.10
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• pp.73-90
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• 2006

The roles and needs of contents are increasing moving toward sensitivities and culture in terms of key values in the 21st century. The cartoon is evaluated in invaluable as the original contents. Moreover, the size of these industries and employees are extending. Regardless of the quantitative expansion, however, it is real situation that is delaying in the disciplinary development and that is scare in partnership with industries. It is needs to develop the textbook and its' systemizing, standardization of cartoon language, and cartoon dictionary development. Using the cartoon language widely, it requires universality, simultaneously it needs a times and exact definition in advance. The study and standardization work of cartoon terms in base endure the industry development and disciplinary research which enhance the efficiency between the two sectors.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.57.2-57.2
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• 2016

Polarimetry is an important tool for studying the physical processes in the interstellar medium, including star-forming regions. Polarimetry of young stellar objects and their circumstellar structures provides invaluable information about distributions of matter and configurations of magnetic fields in their environments. However, only a few near-infrared circular polarization (CP) observations were reported so far (before our survey). A systematic near-infrared CP survey has been firstly conducted in various star-forming regions, covering high-mass, intermediate-mass, and low-mass young stellar objects. All the observations were made using the SIRPOL imaging polarimeter on the Infrared Survey Facility (IRSF) 1.4 m telescope at the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO). In this presentation, we present the first CP survey results. The polarization patterns, extents, and maximum degrees of circular and linear polarizations are used to determine the prevalence and origin of CP in the star-forming regions. Our results are explained with a combination of circumstellar scattering and dichroic extinction mechanism generating the high degrees of CP in star-forming regions. The universality of the large and extended CPs in star-formaing regions can also be linked with the origin of homochirality of life.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine mothers' ideal and actual parenting behaviors toward their infants in three parenting domains; social, didactic, and limit setting. A total of 264 mothers of young children under age three from Seoul, Korea completed Parental Style Questionnaires (PSQ). Mothers' self report on their ideal and actual parenting were explored as a function of child sex, age, and birth order. As expected, there were significant differences between mothers' ideal and actual behaviors in all three parenting domains: Mothers' ideal behaviors such as social interaction, didactic interaction and limit setting were higher than those of their actual behaviors. For mothers' ideal parenting, results revealed neither significant main effects nor interaction effects. However, the Parenting Domain x Birth-Order 2-way interaction and the Parenting Domain x Child Age 2-way interaction were significant for mothers' actual behaviors. Specifically, mothers reported more social and didactic behaviors with their first-born than later born children, but not for limit setting behavior. It was also found that higher limit setting behaviors were apparent for their 2- and 3-year-old than 1-year old children whereas lower social interactions were found for 3-year-old than for 1-year-old. In light of universality and uniqueness, mothers' parenting behavior toward young children has been discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.17-29
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to explore a new methodology for the historiography of Korean cos-tumes. In particular, I focus on the possibility for systematic, historical methods appropriate for the history of Korean costumes. First, I characterize the general historiography of costumes as involving two aspects-one as the social science and the other as historical science(Geschichteswissenschaft). My contention is that any historical study of costume should be established on the intersection of social and historical studies, and their entangling relations with many a neighboring field of sciences. It requires in other words, an interdisciplinary approach that combines various methodologies of social sciences as well as those of history. Second, I present an overall review of the historical methodology with a special emphasis on the“Quellenkunde”of orthodox historiography. Building on the review, third, I pay attention to recent innovations in historical methodologies, such as“New History”that draws on history, sociology and social history, and their applicability to the history of Korean costmes. In this regards. I adress among others, the following theoretical perspectives : 1) comparioson and comparative history, 2) the formatived and paternal approaches toward the history of costume, 3) particulartiy and universality of Korean costume. I conclued that the history of Korean costumes should broaden its theoretical horizon in order to accomodate a wider range of research agenda, including costumes of neighboring cultures, while remaining sensitive to new theories and methods of the neighboring social historical sciences. For this purpose, it is emphasized that an international collaboration among researchers of the region, as well as that across the different disciplinnary boundaries, is indispensable for successful studies that can embrace diverse fields and areas.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2005

The International Seabed Authority (ISA) formally came into existence upon the entry into force of the UNCLOS on 16 November 1994. By adopting the Implementing Agreement in 1994, UNCLOS has the universality as a Magna Carta of International Ocean Regime, and the Deep Seabed Mining Regime could be operated as a unique one for the benefit of mankind. During last 10 years, ISA established the institutional framework successfully and made substantial and tangible progress in formulating the rules, regulations and procedures for the prospecting and exploration for polymetally nodules. Furthermore, RPI's obligations had been carried out completely, and the 7 RPI made contract with ISA to become a contractor who has an at least 15 you exclusive right for exploration in their allocated site. However, due to the uncertainty of commercial mining, the number of representatives from developing countries has been getting looser and looser and ISA has a problem of quorum of the Assembly. Land-based producers took a very strong opposite position to the contractors to make their loss in the minimum level. For the next decade, it might be prospected that ISA will focus on monitoring the contractor's activities, making rules, regulations and procedures for exploration on cobalt rich crust, sulphide and methane hydrate and implementing environment studies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2010

For screening test of the non-volatile compounds which migrate from food packaging materials into foodstuffs, the traditional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems suffer from the lack of universal detector with high sensitivity and universality and high efficiency HPLC separation column which provides complete separation of complex mixtures into all individual substances. In this work, the use possibility of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system coupled with a charged aerosol detector (CAD), a universal detector, was reviewed. 2D-LC system permits to improve peak capacity and resolving power for complex mixtures. Charged aerosol detector (CAD) offers a new feasibility for detection of any non-volatile compounds with high sensitivity and constant response factor in a calibration range. The combination of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and normal phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) is most frequently used for the separation of the natural and synthetic polymers which are mainly used as raw materials for the manufacture of food packaging materials. However, there is no commercial software available for data acquisition and handling and therefore the quantification in 2D-LC analysis is still rare.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to review and analyse the influence of Hegel on architectural historiography. With the point of view that Hegel is the origin of architectural history, this study try to find out how Hegel's philosophy and aesthetics deeply influenced the principle and method of architectural historiography. As a kind of meta-history Hegel's idealism played a important role in the interpretation of architecture and its historiography. We can call it Hegelian legacy and it gave a determinant idea in the discours of architecture, especially Modernism. With a critical view point this study tries to reveal the mythical character of the premise and hypothesis of Hegel's historicism and also reviews its positive aspects in the history of writing architectural history. Today Hegelian thinking in architectural historiography is seriously criticized and considered as a old way of writing history. But this study tries to find a possibility to recognize the contemporary architectural situation with Hegel's concept of universal history. The return of Hegel necessarily does not mean the idea of totality and universality in practice as like in Modernism, but to widen the recognition in contemporary practice and historiography.