• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2021

This study purports to explore potential determinants of welfare attitudes toward universalism vs selectivism. For this purpose, literature review upon such subjects as definitions of universalism and selectivism and welfare attitudes has been done. The hierarchical regression analyses show several major results. First and foremost, the effects of those variables such as political orientation and attitudes toward free education and gratuitous child care, categorized as political-social stance were found to be significant. However, it was unexpected results that those variables which have been found signigicant in predicting welfare attitudes in previous literature, that is to say age, education and economic status especially were not to be found significant in predicting welfare attitudes toward universalism vs selectivism. There could be many underlying causes for this result including measurement errors, and this study strongly speculates that the division between universalism vs selectivism itself exists only both in purely conceptual level and in political rhetoric and therefore, universalism or selectivism as people's consistent and logical attitudes or consciousness may simply not exist at all.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.57-79
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• 2011

Universalism has received a considerable amount of attention in recent discussion of Korea welfare state. This paper explores tensions between universal, selective and residual welfare policies in Korea. It argues that selective welfare policies are useful allies for developing the universal welfare state. At the same time, principles of universalism are always formed in particular socioeconomic and historical contexts, and reflect the solidarity of various social stratifications or classes. This implies that the principles must be regarded as open to contestation, reformulation and change. The way to develope universal welfare state in Korea shouldn't follow the path observed in the Western welfare states. Korean society needs to find its own principles and path to develop a universal welfare state.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 2014

In the Russian 'spirituality' which played an important role in realization of 'abstraction' in modern arts, the three elements of Universalism - Oriental thoughts, Universal ideas, and Froebelian influence - can be found with no difficulty. More notable is the fact that, along with theosophy, the emergence of modern existential thoughts such as Bergson, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche is a new search and a new recognition of nature and human as views of panentheism and humanism, essentially of Humane and Divine. Therefore, it goes without saying that the thoughts constituting the Suprematism or Constructivism in Russia are, in a word, implicit in the existential humanistic ideas of Panpneumatism or Panentheism that is explained as the nature of Russian religious ideas. Furthermore, which is not only Suprematist's metaphysical principle but also the expression of universal thoughts; interestingly, which is closely akin to several Oriental mystic ideas including Taoist thoughts, as well as the contents of Universalism including mystic Christianity, by extension, which ideas and principles have a remarkable resemblance with thoughts and principles of Froebel.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2014

Universalism and selectivism about welfare polices are a point at issue that is being discussed consistently. This issue is mainly discussed as the object of political selection because the selection of welfare polices are thought of discretionary powers. But welfare policies are issue of the constitutional value order. Therefore studies are need in this viewpoint. Accordingly this paper studied the aim of welfare policies to be based of social state ideology. Therefore this paper found the adequacy of selective universalism. Furthermore, This paper shows a distinguishing standard to select the welfare policies in selective universalism.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.175-181
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of expression and formal principle of universalism in Architectural Composition. Theorical category is to find universal system with the connection between idea of society and tradition in compositional frame the results were as follows : First it is the pursuit of divine. Through Middle Age and Renaissance universalism of principles in Architectural Composition is appeared a numerical order and human proportion with applying of cosmology. Second it is the pursuit of schema. With the simplicity of formal image it represented to the geometrical form for its clearness. Third it is the pursuit of typology. As to play a role of decisive factor in formal construction type represented the model with abstraction of shape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.424-438
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• 2013

This study examines the value, knowledge and sustainable consumption behavior of fashion consumers. The study shows that universalism/harmony, security/benevolence, power, and tradition/faith have positive effects on buying/usage behavior; however, hedonism/wealth has a negative effect. Stimulation/self-direction and universalism/harmony positively influence boycott behavior; however, power has a negative influence. Universalism/harmony and politeness have positive impacts on care/disposing behavior. Consumer knowledge about fashion related environmental problems, labor practices, ethical issues and sustainable environment knowledge influence sustainable buying/usage behavior; in addition, knowledge about ethical issues and sustainable environmental problems positively influence boycott and care/disposing behavior. Moreover, there were significant differences in values, knowledge, and consumption behavior by age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.116-122
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• 2004

Since the 18th century the museums in Europe have accepted the social demand of the publicity and have played a role of social education and it lasted to the present. Recently, the society began to change it's direction. It is from the Universalism to the Pluralism. The Universalism is due to democratic society after 'the Civil Revolution' and standardized social system after 'the Industrial Revolution' The Pluralism that starts with the decrease of the modern society is about the diversity and the activation of identity which has been disregarded since the Modernism. This study is to analyze and to clarify how the museum's educational environment which had begun since the 18th century has been changed since 1990 and how these are related to the social alteration from the Universalism to the Pluralism. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that there had been a simple circulation system and a unified spatial experience in the museum of Europe since 18th century to 1980's(phl) while there had been a complex circulation system and a diverse spatial experience in the museum of Europe after 1990's(ph2). These mean that the museum of phl gave a unified social education to the visitors and they came to have a similar knowledge and emotion after their seeing the exhibition material while the museums of 'ph2' gave a diverse one and the visitor came to have a different knowledge and emotion to the same exhibition material. The museum which gives a unified social education is to produce a unified thoughts of people and it is because the social direction is the Universalism. In addition to this, the museum of diverse social education is to produce people of diversity and it is related to the Pluralism.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.97-125
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• 2014

This paper delves into the question of universality in Native American Literature focusing on Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony, exploring some different definitions of universality and looking at the work in the light of these definitions. In this paper I proposed four possible definitions or faces of universality applicable to the narrative of the oppressed people. Firstly, the colonizers indoctrinate their colonized persons with the colonialists' beliefs through the process of assimilation purposefully imposed in the name of universality. In Ceremony Rocky and Emo are the victims of assimilation including militarization. Secondly, the colonized people hold on to their traditional values in face of colonizers' universalism. In Ceremony Tayo shows an attachment to tribal stories in opposition to whites' lies. Thirdly, the colonized can get together by sharing experiences of violence, occupation, and loss of their land and language, forming a bond of "commonality" among them. In Ceremony the story of a medicine man, Betonie, suggests oneness of victims against the evil power of destroyers represented by nuclear bombs. Fourthly and lastly, the universal consists in the subject's trial and practice attempting to achieve universalism against the existing order, not in the stipulation defining what is universal. In the story Tayo endeavors to retrieve his cattle by transgressing whites' property and makes a hole in the established dichotomy of whites and Indians. In sum, Ceremony as a minor literature shows the developmental aspects of universality, culminating in Tayo's refusal to assimilate himself to whites' lies.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.141
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• pp.203-224
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• 2017

In Laozi Tao(道) is not only the universal law of all existence but the eternal law of morality. In Laozi Tao as the eternal law of morality is the absolute criteria of value-judgement. In this respect in Laozi Tao is the perfect value or the absolute criteria of value-judgement. And so someone can evaluate Laozi's perspective on the theory of value is value-absolutism. Nonetheless, Laozi allows all theories of value in Laozi. Laozi's thought on the value is indifferent to what kind of value one has. But Laozi's ideal of the theory of value is value-universalism through Tao as the absolute criteria of value-judgement. So in Laozi the perspective on value is the universalization of value-absolutism. In Laozi, the medium of value-universalism is being of Sage(聖人) and all human's inpersonation of Teh(德). If this two conditions fulfilled, all human beings can reach the state of "subtle identification(玄同)" and can be sages, and value-universalism take the form of valuelessism.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.92-96
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• 2006

With the change of family type and diversify of life style, residents need various unit plan in Quality. A rate of economically productive women has increased, and generally double-income households will continuously increase in the future. So a research is requested to consider the double-income households's satisfaction for a unit plan based on their life characteristics. The purpose of this study is to find out double-income households's lifestyles, and to search and analyze users' needs for spatial composition according to their lifestyles, and then, embody spatial composition of Apartment Unit plans. The findings are as follows. (1) Housing lifestyles of users living in apartment are categorized into 5 types: seeking the way to make housework easy and comfortable, making the best use spatial composition, pursing the universalism, housework oriented, pursing the leisure. (2) The type of seeking the way to make housework easy and comfortable requests facility with home appliances and a shower bath, the type of making the best use spatial composition requests storage space and trial about new plan, the type of pursing the universalism is concerned about the protection of environment and a memorial service, the type of housework oriented wants a talk with their family and discuss some problem, and the type of pursing the leisure requests division of household with their family and likes traveling and sports.