• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.219-228
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• 1997

The Fano metric is the maximum likelihood decoding choice for convlutional code for binary symmetric channel. The Fano metric assumes that it has previous knowledge of channel error probability. However, the bit errors in real channel occur in bursts and the channel error probability can not be known exactly. Thus, the Fano metric is not the maximum likelihood choice for bursty-noise channel. In this paper universal metri which dose not require the previous knowlege of the channel transition probability is used for sequential decoding. It is shown that the complexity of the universal is much less than that of the Fano metric bursty-noise channel, since it is estimated on a branch by branch basis.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2023

Government codes are created and utilized to streamline and standardize government administrative procedures. They are generally employed in government information systems. Because they are included in open datasets of public data, users must be able to understand them. However, information that can be used to comprehend administrative code is lost during the process of releasing data in the government system, making it difficult for data consumers to grasp the code and limiting the connection or convergence of different datasets that use the same code.This study proposes a way to employ the administrative code produced by the Korean government as a standard in a public data environment on a regular basis. Because consumers of public data are barred from accessing government systems, a means of universal access to administrative code is required. An ontology model is used to represent the administrative code's data structure and meaning, and the full administrative code is built as a knowledge graph. The knowledge graph thus created is used to assess the accuracy and connection of administrative codes in public data. The method proposed in this study has the potential to increase the quality of coded information in public data as well as data connectivity.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2017

본 논문은 양자 키 분배 시스템에서의 보안성을 증폭시키기 위한 이중 해시 함수의 개념을 소개한다. 양자 오류 정정과 보안사이의 관계를 이용하여 보안성 증폭을 제공하는 것을 보인다. 또한 보안성 증폭 측면에서 접근 방식이 위상 오차 보정 방식이 더 보다 나은 보안성을 제시한다는 것을 보인다. QKD의 대표적인 예인 BB84 프로토콜을 이용하여 유니버셜 해시 함수가 보안성을 강화하는 과정을 설명한다. 마지막으로 결정적인 유니버셜 해시 함수가 메시지의 길이에 의존하지 않고 양자 Pauli 채널에서 보안성을 평가 받는 것을 유도한다.

• 지질공학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.68-84
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• 1991

A numerical analysis using Universal Distinct Element Code program for the nuclear waste disposal cavern has been performed for a typical Korean crystalline rock condition with same geometry of Swedish low and intermediate nuclear waste disposal repository(S.F.R). The stress concentration, displacement and safety factor for the typical single cross section of cavern, 5 caverns and a silo are analyzed.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.436-446
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• 2008

지반침하 지역의 지표침하량은 지하 채굴적의 높이보다 작은 것으로 분석되고 있다. 이러한 원인은 암반의 부피팽창률이며 아직까지 이에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 부피팽창률 산정을 위해 3차원 입체 모델을 이용하여 지표침하량과 침하영향범위를 고려한 이론식을 유도하였다. 또한 수치해석 시 부피 팽창률의 적용성 검토를 위하여 개별요소 프로그램인 UDEC(Universal Distinct Element Code)을 이용하여 측압계수의 변화에 따른 지표침하의 변화 양상과 점착력의 변화에 따른 부피팽창률의 변화 양상을 분석하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.243-254
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 GBM-UDEC(grain based model combined with Universal Distinct Element Code) 모델을 통해 암석의 역학적 거동을 모사하기 위한 수치해석기법을 소개하였다. 이를 적용하여 암석의 광물학적 구조를 다각형 입자의 집합체로 표현하고, 압축하중 하에서 암석의 파괴 특성 및 인장균열의 전파 양상를 살펴보았다. 제시된 수치해석모델은 단축압축강도시험 및 간접인장강도시험을 통해 관찰되는 암석의 역학적 거동 특성을 합리적으로 모사할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제6권11호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2016

최근 생산되고 있는 가전제품용 리모컨들은 한 가정 당 가전제품 수만큼 생산되고 있고 새로 가전제품이 출시되고 있지만 각각의 기능만을 수행하는 것으로 나뉘어져 새로운 리모컨이 계속 늘어나는 상태이다. 그래서 처음 사용하는 사용자들한테는 여러 리모컨을 사용하여야 하기 때문에 어려움이 있고 부피도 커서 여간 불편한 것이 아니다. 최근에서야 실용적으로 사용할 수 있는 통합리모컨을 SAMSUNG 이나 LG 같은 대기업에서도 여러 형태로 생산하고 있는 추세다. 본 논문에서는 각 회사마다의 적외선 리모컨에서 사용되는 커스텀 코드 식별 방식을 통해 데이터 형식과 적외선 리모컨의 송신, 수신 방법을 설명하고, ATmega128 리모컨 실험을 통해서 일반 리모컨과의 크기나 특징 및 차이점을 볼 수 있게 하였다. ATmega128 을 이용하여 LCD에 나타나 있는 여러 회사의 가전제품을 제어하는 것을 볼 수 있게 하였고, 결과적으로 각각의 기능만을 가진 여러 개의 리모컨의 수를 줄이는 것을 볼 수 있고, ATmega128을 사용한 통합 리모컨으로 가정 내에 있는 가전제품을 다룰 수 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.295-308
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• 2012

This paper experimentally investigated the buckling capacity of built-up steel columns mainly, Cruciform Columns (CC) and Side-to-Side (SS) columns fabricated from two Universal Beam (UB) sections. A series of nine experimental tests comprised of three UB sections, three CC sections and three SS sections with different lengths were tested to failure to measure the ultimate axial capacity of each column section. The lengths used for each category of columns were 1.8, 2.0, and 2.2 m with slenderness ratios ranging from 39-105. The measured buckling loads of the tested specimens were compared with the predicted ultimate axial capacity using Eurocode 3, AISC LRFD, and BS 5959-1. It was observed that the failure modes of the specimens included flexural buckling, local buckling and flexural-torsional buckling. The results showed that the ultimate axial capacity of the tested cruciform and side-by-side columns were higher than the code predicted design values by up to 20%, with AISC LRFD design values being the least conservative and the Eurocode 3 design values being the most conservative. This study has concluded that cruciform column and side-to-side welded flange columns using universal beam sections are efficient built-up sections that have larger ultimate axial load capacity, larger stiffness with saving in the weight of steel used compared to its equivalent universal beam counterpart.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2001

The conversion efficiency of a cesium iodine coated micro-channel plate is studied. We use the EGS4 code to transport photons and generated electrons until their energies become less than 1keV and 10keV respectively. Among the generated electrons, the emission from the secondary electrons located within the escape depth of 56nm from the photo-converter boundary is estimated by integrating the product of the secondary electrons with a probability depending only on their geometric locations. The secondary electron emission from the generated electrons of energy higher than 100eV is estimated by the 'universal yield curve'. The sum of these provides an estimate for the secondary electron yield and we show that results of applying this algorithm agree with known experimental results. Using this algorithm, we computed secondary electron emissions from a micro-channel plate used in a gas electron multiplier detector that is currently being developed at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2008

Objectives : The objective of this paper is to discuss the importance of obtaining informed consent for conducting epidemiological studies and public health activities, based on the Report of the UNESCO's Working Group on Informed Consent. Methods : The Report of the UNESCO's Working Group on Informed Consent was reviewed and discussed in connection with the ethical considerations of public health activities and epidemiological research. Results : It was at the Nuremberg Trial for the German war criminals of the Second World War that the principle of 'consent' was first stated as a consequence of the medical abuses carried out during the War. As a result of the Trial, the Nuremberg Code came out in 1947. Since then, various international declarations or ethical principles on 'informed consent' have been developed and published. These ethical principles on 'informed consent' have mostly to do with the clinical research that involves human subjects, and not with epidemiological studies and public health activities. However, UNESCO recently issued a comprehensive Report on Informed Consent based on the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights adopted in 2005, and this included detailed guidelines on informed consent in epidemiological studies and public health activities. Conclusions : Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights emphasizes the principle of autonomy to protect the human rights of the human subjects involved in any public health activities and epidemiological research. As a practical guideline, obtaining informed consent is strongly recommended.