• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.27-33
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• 2014

As UCI (Universal Content Identifier) identification system becomes a national standard for content distribution, many digital contents are distributed through UCI identification system. However, problems associated with copyright infringement and copyright contracts occur due to lack of copyright information. ICN (Integrated Copyright Number), a code system developed for copyright management, includes copyright-related information for the purposes of usage settlement and accounting, illegal usage monitoring, and content filtering. ICN, however, has no information about distribution and content properties. Therefore, the linkage and integration between UCI and ICN can be a basis for the transparent and effective distribution of digital contents. In this paper, we propose a model for linking and integrating UCI and ICN, developing the efficiency in the value chain of each identified system by analyzing political factors and key technical elements between the two identification systems.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.2829-2840
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• 2018

The random variable with an arbitrary value or more is called semi-continuous variable or zero-inflated one in case that its boundary value is more frequently observed than expected. This means the boundary value is likely to be practically observed more than it should be theoretically under certain probability distribution. When the distribution considered is continuous, the variable is defined as semi-continuous and when one of discrete distribution is assumed for the variable, we regard it as zero-inflated. In this study, we introduce the two-part model, which consists of one part for modelling the binary response and the other part for modelling the variable greater than the boundary value. Especially, the zero-inflated regression models are explained by using Poisson distribution and negative binomial distribution. In real data analysis, we employ the zero-inflated regression models to estimate the number of days under extreme heat-wave circumstances during the last 10 years in South Korea. Based on the estimation results, we create prediction maps for the estimated number of days under heat-wave advisory and heat-wave warning by using the universal kriging, which is one of the spatial prediction methods.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.69-71
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• 2023

The Modigliani-Miller Proposition II (MM2) is a cornerstone in the field of corporate finance, positing that in a frictionless environment with perfect capital markets, the cost of equity capital is linearly related to a firm's leverage. This paper critically re-evaluates this proposition, particularly examining the determination of the cost and value of equity. We find that under specific circum-stances, especially when the value of a tax shield is influenced by endogenous variables, the cost and value of equity may be ambiguous. This calls into question the universal applicability of MM2. Our research offers new perspectives on the theoretical underpinnings of financial management and underscores the significance of situational factors in the practical application of these theories.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.273-284
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• 1996

This study aimed at measuring the rural people's level of value and morality, identifying its related variables, and drawing some implications for rural adult education. To measure their value and moral levels, 141 Yoncheon county adults were interviewed or asked to answer the questionnaires based on the Braithwaite and Law's(value) and Rest's(morality) instruments. The data were analyzed mainly by ANOVA, Chi square test and Pearson product-moment correlation. The major findings were: (1) The rural people mainly remained in vital feeling value(fourth) level out of five levels(religious holiness, spiritual, mind, vital feeling and sensible feeling value in order), (2) They remained in harmonious interpersonal expectations stage(fourth mortality level) out of six stage(universal ethical principles, social contract, social conscience maintenance, harmonious interpersonal expectation, instrumental purpose, and punishment/obedience in order), (3) Religion, the number of participation in adult education, and the length of such participation were three variables related to the level of value, and age, schooling years, and the number of family wane three variable related to their morality level, and (4) The relationship between value and morality levels was not significantly identified. Rural adult education needs to be more strengthened for improving their spiritual quality of life.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.530-545
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate by spectrophotometry the changes in color parameters of composite resins after exposure to distilled water, filtered coffee, and artificial saliva. Five kinds of fine particle composite resin in experiment 1, and six kinds of composite resin in experiment 2 were used. In experiment 1, each group of composite resin was stored in distilled water at $4^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, and filtered coffee solution at $4^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$. And then each specimen was measured by spectrophotometer. Measurements were repeated in 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. In experiment 2, all specimens of each brand were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$, artificial saliva not contained mucin at $37^{\circ}C$, and artificial saliva contained mucin at $37^{\circ}C$. All specimens of each brand were measured by spectrophotormeter in 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and up to 12 weeks. The results were as follows : 1. In cold coffee, five of fine particle composite resins showed ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ values less than 2. However, in hot coffee ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ values of Amelogen Universal and Prisma TPH were higher than those of Conquest Crystal, ${\AE}$litefil and Z100. 2. Z100 and ${\AE}$litefil had better cleansibility of extrinsic coffee staining than Amelogen Universal, Conquest Crystal and Prisma TPH. 3. In distilled water and artificial saliva not contained mucin, five of fine particle composite resin showed ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ values less than 2 up to 12 weeks. However, Silux Plus showed higher than ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ values of fine particle composite resin. 4. As an immersion solution for discoloration experiment, artificial saliva not contained mucin showed similar appearance as distilled water. However, artificial saliva contained mucin had different appearance from the others. 5. In artificial saliva contained mucin, ${\AE}$litefil, Prisma TPH and Z100 showed ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ values less than 1 up to 12 weeks. However, Silux Plus, Amelogen Universal and Conquest Crystal showed ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ values more than 1 up to 12 weeks. But, Conquest Crystal showed different characteristics of chromacity difference value(less chromatic) and lightness difference value(lighter) from Silux Plus and Amelogen Universal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.36
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• pp.77-95
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• 1998

The culture of a country is formed by the sense of value of a nation being a creator as well as on operator of the culture. So, the Chinese culture and fruthermore, the sense of value the Chinese people can be understood through the study of the costume of China. Above all, the culture of China, including the costume, have been formed through the his-tory of exchange between the central Chinese people and its surrounding minority races, and it should not be overlooked that its own culture of each race is existing with each other in the great Chinese culture sphere. In the paper, the concept of costume as relections of a culture is confirmed through the examination of the characteristics of the costume of the Miao tribe with such history and culture as a background and on effort is made to take those as resources modern fashion designs while inferring from them the characteristics of costume with universal and original values sthat can be sublimated into the modernistic beauty. The results of the study are as follows. First, the basic composition consists of a simple jacket made in a way of straight-cut-ting and a close pleated skirt and it tended to put emphasis on diversified and splendid decorations compared with the simple basis composition. Second, the costume of the Miao tribe are characteristic of hair done in a knot with head-dress around head. Third, the kinds of dress are multifarious by race and region due to a long period of mobile and disperse life. In the course of studying the universal value of the Miao tribe is confirmed which is by no means inferior to the standard of the medernistic beauty which keeping its originality. The study is made to be helpful for activating the design going with the trend that the basic harmony between the nature and man, that is a climate and the local cul-ture hearing formed a splendid culture in the past, are being found again.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2014

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of various pretreatments when fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) post is bonded to endodontically treated tooth with resin cement. Materials and methods: Canal shaping of FRC post (DT Light post, Size 3, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) was performed on endodontically treated premolars at 1.5 cm from CEJ. Samples were divided into 6 groups of surface treatment after conventional washing and drying to the canal. Total of 24 FRC posts were randomly divided into 6 groups of surface treatment as follows: Group C: control - no surface treatment, Group A: airborne-particle abrasion (Cojet sand, 3M ESPE), Group S: silanization (Bis-silane, Bisco Inc.), Group M: universal primer (Monobond-plus primer, Ivoclar Vivadent Inc.), Group AS: silanization after airborne-particle abrasion, Group AM: universal primer treatment after airborne-particle abrasion. Pretreated fiber posts were cemented with resin-based luting material and photo-polymerized and cut to the thickness of 1 mm. Push-out test using a universal testing machine was performed. Bonding failure strength of post dislodgement was measured and the type of bonding failure was classified. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison groups were performed using Tukey HSD value of rank test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Group AS showed significantly highest bonding strength. Group S, group AM, group A, and group M showed lower bonding strength in order. The control group showed the lowest bonding strength. Conclusion: Surface treatment with silane showed to be the most effective of the surface pretreatment methods for cementation of FRC post. Surface treatment with universal primer showed no significant difference compared with no surface treatment group as for bonding strength.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the importance of the stone cultural landscape resources is a kind of management of Jeju cultural landscape. For typical stone cultural landscape of Jeju, to target South Korea and China experts, to evaluate the importance of each resource. Using the AHP technique in the method of analysis. As a result of the importance analysis of evaluation criteria, Korean and Chinese experts evaluated the Outstanding Universal Value(ⅲ_To bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared) as the most important. and Experts from both countries evaluated the field walls as the most important landscape resource in importance of resources about each evaluation criteria and overall importance. The results of this study, it will be able to provide quantitative information in terms of landscape management of Jeju by deriving the priority of the resources from the standpoint of comparison and conservation management on the importance of local resources, which is the basis useful from the point of view of conservation and cultural heritage management about stone cultural landscape resources in Jeju. However, as South Korea and China in the comparative study, to generalize the global universal value it is seen that there is a limit, seems to limit point of this study.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.39
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• pp.131-163
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• 2006

Interest in Korean cultural properties has rising in recent years, not only on the part of existing researcher and scholars but also among the general public. The scope of interest has expand also, no longer being confined to Korea, and has given rise to movements for redemption of cultural properties preserved overseas and plans on how to make use of information about them. Aside from the basic idea that all cultural properties overseas are subjects for redemption, this paper argues that it is time to seek ways to actively make use of information on those cultural properties, and that this must be preceded by dear understanding of the current status through systematic on-site research and investigation of the channels through which they left the country. In addition, it is necessary to look at the issue with a broader perspective. The cultural properties in question must be regarded not as the sole property of Korea, the country that produced them, but as artworks of the world with outstanding universal value, to be protected and utilized by all human beings. From this point of view, this paper organize studies the kinds of Korean cultural properties kept at three major museums in the United Stated, including the Museum of Fine Arts, Roston, and traces the routes and methods by which they were taken out of Korea. Based on the perception of Korean artworks overseas as explained above, the purpose of this paper is to examine materials those cultural properties not only for academic research, but also todistinguish between those properties that should be redeemed and those that should be publicized overseas by clarifying how they were taken overseas, and thus provide basic materials for policy purposes.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.141
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• pp.203-224
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• 2017

In Laozi Tao(道) is not only the universal law of all existence but the eternal law of morality. In Laozi Tao as the eternal law of morality is the absolute criteria of value-judgement. In this respect in Laozi Tao is the perfect value or the absolute criteria of value-judgement. And so someone can evaluate Laozi's perspective on the theory of value is value-absolutism. Nonetheless, Laozi allows all theories of value in Laozi. Laozi's thought on the value is indifferent to what kind of value one has. But Laozi's ideal of the theory of value is value-universalism through Tao as the absolute criteria of value-judgement. So in Laozi the perspective on value is the universalization of value-absolutism. In Laozi, the medium of value-universalism is being of Sage(聖人) and all human's inpersonation of Teh(德). If this two conditions fulfilled, all human beings can reach the state of "subtle identification(玄同)" and can be sages, and value-universalism take the form of valuelessism.