• Korean Security Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.443-467
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to introduce United States Coast Guard (USCG) in order to suggest a direction to advance the system of Korea Coast Guard. After the effect of United Nations on the Law of the Sea in 1994, the world is facing with new era of maritime age with emergence of new maritime border 'Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ)'. Along with new maritime era, Korea also has been facing with the conflicts caused from EEZ. Also, there is a increasing concern about maritime safety and security since people looking for maritime tourism and leisure sports are dramatically increasing in Korea. Moreover, national security matters are a big issue in Korea due to the several incidents occurred in the sea such as the attack on Yeon-Pyung Island and the sinking of Cheonan naval vessel. Arising concern on these issues in maritime space requires Korea Coast Guard to handle these effectively. However, the systematical and structural limitation of Korea Coast Guard limits the effective management of recent issues. The United States Coast Guard which is considered as one of the military force in the United States has continuously reformed and developed its system and structure to better handle the maritime safety and security issues through developing project such as the Integrated Deep Water system. Also, maritime police system and structure in the United States is different with in Korea. This study expects to suggest a way to advance the system and structure of Korea Coast Guard through examination of United States Coast Guard and comparing maritime police system and structure between Korea and the United States in order to properly deal with the maritime safety and security issues arising recently.

• Strategy21
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• s.43
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• pp.175-199
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• 2018

Recent marine territorial disputes in the East China Sea and the South China Sea have come to us as a great threat. China, which has recently established the China Coast Guard and has rapidly developed maritime security forces, is trying to overcome the various conflict countries with its power. Japan is also strengthening intensively its maritime security forces. Since Korea, China, and Japan are geographically neighboring and sharing maritime space in Northeast Asia, there is no conflict between maritime jurisdiction and territorial rights among the countries. The struggle for initiative in the ocean is fierce among the three coastal nations in Northeast Asia. therefore, Korea needs more thorough preparation and response to protect the marine sovereignty. As the superpowers of China and Japan are confronted and the United States is involved in the balance of power in strategic purposes, the East Asian sea area is a place where tension and conflict environment exist. China's illegal fishing boats are constantly invading our waters, and they even threaten the lives of our police officers. The issue of delimiting maritime boundaries between Korea and China has yet to be solved, and is underway in both countries, and there is a possibility that the exploration activities of the continental shelf resources may collide as the agreement on the continental shelf will expire between Korea and Japan. On the other hand, conflicts in the maritime jurisdictions of the three countries in Korea, China and Japan are leading to the enhancement of maritime security forces to secure deterrence rather than military confrontation. In the situation where the unresolved sovereignty and jurisdiction conflicts of Korea, China and Japan continue, and the competition for the strengthening of the maritime powers of China and Japan becomes fierce, there is a urgent need for stabilization and enhancement of the maritime forces in our country. It is necessary to establish a new long-term strategy for enhancing the maritime security force and to carry out it. It is expected that the Korean Coast Guard, which once said that it was a model for the establishment of China's Coast Guard as a powerful force for the enforcement of the maritime law, firmly establishes itself as a key force to protect our oceans with the Navy and keeps our maritime sovereignty firmly.

• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.149-173
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• 2020

While the United States and other Western states are in trouble with COVID-19 crisis, China is continuing its aggressive ocean expansion with its Gray-zone strategy. The Gray-zone strategy, which China uses around the South China Sea, refers to a strategy that promotes a change in international politics by creating an unclear state, neither war or peace. China, which is trying to expand its influence across East Asia, will also try to project a Gray zone strategy on the Korean Peninsula. The possible scenarios are as follows: 1) South Korea is accidentally involved in a dispute in the South China Sea, 2) Military conflicts between South Korea and China is caused by illegal fishing of Chinese boats in Yellow Sea, 3) China tries to interfere with Socotra Rock, 4) Unlikely, but possible in the future that China induce the military conflicts between Korea and Japan on the Dokdo issue. In order to cope with these scenarios, Korea should prepare the following measures from a long-term perspective: the creation of an Asian maritime safety fleet, the integ rated operation of the navy and the coast guard in the framework of the national fleet, and strengthening the conflict control system for China's provocations.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1181-1188
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• 2015

In this study, we discussed about the application of the single physical and chemical treatment processes and the physical-chemical complex treatment processes on the inactivation of Artemia sp. in order to satisfy the USCG Phase II (United States Coast Guard). The results showed that initial disinfection rate of ultrasonic process in single batch process is higher than that of electrolysis. However, the inactivation rate showed slower than electrolysis. The inactivation rate of Artemia sp. on the single continuous treatment process ranked in the following order: homogenizer > electrolysis > ultrasonic process. Inactivation rate of Artemia sp. in continuous homogenizer-electrolysis complex process was reached at 100% immediately. A synergistic effect of ultrasonic-electrolytic complex process was found to be a small. The order of processes in a complex process did not affect the disinfection performance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-134
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• 2019

The areas be affected maritime police authority of the Republic of Korea, are largely classified as inland waters, territorial waters, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf(hereinafter referred to as "domestic sea area") and high seas. Of these, the maritime police authority in domestic sea area follows a municipal law that accommodates the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS). In addition, this Convention shall apply on the high seas. Meanwhile, on the high seas, foreign vessels other than domestic vessels are allowed to be subject to limited jurisdiction only for the anti-mankind criminal acts, such as piracy etc. this is in accordance with the principle of "Freedom of the high seas" and "maritime flag state," under this Convention. However, the illegal acts of foreign vessels that threaten the security of coastal states and the safety of ships on the high seas can cause many types of crimes other than anti-mankind criminal acts, and the jurisdiction of the coastal states exercised may lead to conflicts between countries. Therefore, this article would like to suggest a plan for institutional improvement to maintain international maritime order on the high seas and secure maritime police authority in coastal states.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-114
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• 1993

ICLL 66 is the most widely ratified instrument of the IMO and is, along with the International Convention on Safety of life at Sea (SOLAS), the primary document setting forth internationally agreed ship safety standards. ICLL 66 set freeboard requirement based on experience gained from the first Load Line Convention in 1930 and on contemporary developments in ship design. Reexamination of ICLL 66 is indicated by the proliferation of novel ship designs for which it lacks adequate regulations and by significant advancements in analytical seakeeping and deck wetness prediction techniques now available to the designer. In this paper, the Freeboard Advisory Group reviews these issues against the changing climate of the marine industry and maritime administrations, discusses the state of the art in analytical seakeeping programs, and outlines a series of recommendations for the establishment of a new international load line convention for the next century. The steps needs for an international program at IMO are discussed and a new convention is proposed.

• Strategy21
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• s.45
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• pp.148-187
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• 2019

This paper is to analyse the necessity and development direction of the ROK's maritime security strategy white paper. To this end the paper is composed of 5 chapters titled introduction; the necessity of the ROK's maritime security strategy white paper; the ROK's actual situation in relation to maritime security strategy and cases of major advanced oceanic countries; the vision, goals, strategic tasks, and implementation system of the ROK's 'national maritime security strategy'; and conclusion. The achievement of the national marine strategic vision, such as the 'Ocean G5,' is of course possible when Korea can maintain and strengthen the maritime safety and maritime security of the people. The Sewol Ferry incident reminds us that we need a 'national maritime security strategy white paper' like the advanced marine countries. In order for the national maritime security strategy to be carried our efficiently, as in advanced oceanic countries, mere should be a dedicated department with sufficient authority and status to mobilize the cooperation of related organizations including naval-coastal cooperation. It would be good to set up a tentatively named Maritime Security Council, an organization of minister-level officials involved under the National Security Council, and an executive body composed of working-level officials from related ministries. In order to successfully carry out the national maritime security strategy for the maritime safety and maritime security of the people like the United States and the United Kingdom, we need to further strengthen our domestic cooperation and cooperation system, international cooperation, and maritime security. We have to promote the establishment and promotion of maritime security strategies by the Navy; strengthening the operational link between the Navy and the Coast Guard; strengthening the maritime surveillance capability at the national level, and promoting sharing with the private sector, etc.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.61-67
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• 2007

With an entering into force of OPRC-HNS started in June 14th 2007, establishment of response system in a nationwide scale to take care of accidents is required to respond rapidly and effectively. This necessities drove us to analyze national contingency plan for chemicals including national response system against accidents, which is in operation in the US. Main characteristics of the system are well described as an integrated incident command system with a cooperation of responsibilities facilities, manpower, and technical support. In addition, state anψor local authorities tend to have responsibilities on management of disaster with its response activities. Polluters are also charged to pay expenses 3 times expensive provided state or local authorities are conducted. In general, response activities are conducted by private sectors. However, the government will take action with Superfund if the response capacity is over than the polluters can. However, safety are regarded as a primary factor to be considered in the response activities, and try not to recover any pollutants. Personals belonging to USCG and EPA are required to complete specialized courses to promαe professional skills, and are also welcomed to participate in "certification program"

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.221-226
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• 2006

Around 2002, the United States Coast Guard (USCG) identified a need to re-capitalize their Reference Station (RS) and Integrity Monitor (IM) equipment used in the Nationwide Differential Global Position System (NDGPS). Commercially available off-the-shelf differential RS and IM equipment lacked the open architecture required to support long-term goals that include future system improvements such as use of new civil frequencies on L2 and L5 and realization of a higher rate NDGPS beacon data channel intended to support RTK. The first step in preparing for this future NDGPS was to port current RTCM SC-104 compatible RS and IM functionality onto an open architecture PC-based platform. Trimble's product Charisma is a PC-based RS and IM software designed to meet these USCG goals. In fact USCG engineers provided key designs and design insights throughout the development. We cannot overstate the contribution of the USCG engineers. Fundamental requirements for this effort were that it be sufficiently flexible in hardware and software design to support fluid growth and exploitation of new signals and technologies as they become available, yet remain backward compatible with legacy user receivers and existing site hardware and system architecture. These fundamental goals placed an implicit adaptability requirement on the design of the replacement RS and IM. Additionally, project engineers were to remain focused on sustaining the high level of differential GPS service that 1.5 million legacy users have come to depend on. This paper will present new hardware and software (i.e., Trimble's Charisma software) architecture for the next generation NDGPS RS and IM. This innovative approach to engineering on an open architecture PC-based platform allows the system to continue to fulfill legacy NDGPS system requirements and allows the USCG and others to pursue a scalable hardware re-capitalization strategy. We will use the USCG's recapitalization project to explain the essential role of the Charisma software.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.331-340
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• 2023

Predicting the survival time of a person in water (PIW) in maritime search and rescue (SAR) operations is an important concern. Although there have been many studies on survival models in marine-developed countries, it is difficult to apply them to Koreans in Korea's oceans because they were developed using marine distress data from the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada. Data on the survival time of a P IW were collected through interviews and surveys with a special rescue team from the Korea Coast Guard, SAR cases, press releases, and Korea Meteorological Administration data to address these issues. The maximum survival time (Korean) equation was developed by performing a regression analysis of this data, and the applicability to actual marine distress was reviewed and compared to the overseas survival model. By comprehensively using the maximum survival time (Korean), domestic SAR cases, and overseas survival models, guidelines for survival time and intensive and recommended search time were suggested. The study findings can contribute to decision-making, such as the input for search and rescue units. The findings can also help to determine the end of or reductions in SAR operations and explain policy decisions to the public and families of a PIW.