• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.296-297
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• 2014

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), an international treaty to prevent the regulation and global warming, has passed through the General Assembly for 17 times from 1992 to 2011. To create a performance plan specific, such as the Kyoto Protocol, it is to promote the reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gases worldwide. In South Korea, Korea Infrastructure Safety and Technology Corporation(KISTEC) is working and supporting for developing method of green remodeling policy. Among several solutions, "Remodeling" ensures to increase the energy efficiency of buildings and to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases, and consequently it could maintain buildings high efficiency. For remodeling projects, it is most important to determine construction plan including remodeling scopes and methods, while the plan has been determined by the engineer's background and experience. Therefore, this study aims at developing a method for selecting optimal skin system which has remarkable influence to energy performance of the buildings.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2016년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.87-88
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• 2016

In the current construction market usage cement and aggregate is increasing continuously. This is progressing serious environmental pollution due to the carbon dioxide generated during cement production. Further, by using a large amount of aggregate, they tend to have even reduced natural resources. As a result, the reduction of carbon dioxide through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the energy saving has been positioned as a global trend. Therefore, in this study, instead of fine aggregate fix the cement, by the use to increase the proportion of the tidal flats, to try to reduce the amount of cement and fine aggregate. Accordingly, according to increasing the proportion of the mud flat be analyzed for properties the compressive strength, tensile strength, flow, chloride test, workability of the mortar.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.83-112
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• 2003

This study primarily concerns the Sale and Supply of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002, focusing on the newly amended rules of the Sale of Goods Act(1979). It describes and analyzes the provisions of Regulations 2002 in a comparative way in order to provide legal advice to the sellers who plans to enter into English consumer markets. It also attempts to compare the rules of Regulations 2002 with those of CISG and to evaluate them in light of the discipline of Law and Economics the basic question of which is whether a solution from one jurisdiction may enhence 'efficiency', serving the goal of reducing negotiation costs through providing a set of default terms, and through imposing an efficient solution which may assist value maximizing exchange where disputes arise.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.535-550
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• 2003

Ever since the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) was agreed to stabilized greenhouse gas(GHG) concentration in the atmosphere at 1992, most countries including Korea have been developing strategic plans and implementing a number of R＆D programs to develop the measures to reduce the emission of GHG. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the plans and programs for our country to develop more competitive technologies and to be more active and attentive in international meetings. In this paper, the energy policies of advanced countries will be analysed and be compared each other along with the Korean policy. Furthermore, the carbon dioxide reduction and sequestration R＆D programs in the countries will also be studied.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.816-817
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• 2007

As UNFCC(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) is enhanced, Korea will perform a CO2 reduction duty. The CO2 reduction duty will effect Korea power system because coal and oil thermal generations emit large CO2 form about 46% of total CO2 emission. Moreover various alternatives should be designed to comply with CO2 reduction duty. In this paper, we analysis resource planning considering CO2 emission constraints and emission trading. And we analysis resource planning under using LP(Linear Programing) and MIP(Mixed Integer Programing).

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2022

This study is to investigate multilateral environmental agreements,mainly UNFCCC on the primary export industry of Korea and to make a policy recommendation. Mostly literature reviews are focused on the traditional multilateral environmental agreements and the for the most part analysis are conducted prior to the Paris agreement. The result of survey indicates that many companies have not yet felt burden on their business due to UNFCCC(decarbonization) and have monitored the related policies. But the companies ask the government for strong incentives. The paper implies that enforcing strong government incentives, upgrading usage of the nuclear power, improving the related government legislation, setting up the special task force team with government and private sectors are needed.

• 한류연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

International negotiation and cooperation for sustainable development currently emphasize three themes on which environmental policies are developed. South Korea emphasizes two of the three themes; climate change and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. South Korea has taken a leadership role in the international arena regarding these topics, actively participating in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the negotiations for the 2030 Agenda (Jung, 2018). South Korea has taken a number of steps to address climate change, both domestically and internationally. Domestically, it has implemented several policies and methods to lessen GHG emissions and transition to a low-carbon economy. It has implemented an Emissions Trading Scheme, the largest in the world, a renewable energy portfolio standard, and aimed at accomplishing carbon neutrality by 2050. South Korea is also actively involved in executing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and has established a national committee to ensure their successful implementation. The group is made up of representatives from the private sector, government ministries, and civil society organizations. It is focused on monitoring the progress of the SDGs and providing policy and financial support for their implementation.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.3-30
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• 2007

The New York Convention(formally called "United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards") done in New York on June 10, 1958 has been adhered to by more than 140 States at the time of this writing, including almost all important trading nations from the Capitalist and Socialist World as well as many developing countries. The Convention can be considered as the most important Convention in the field of arbitration and as the cornerstone of current international commercial arbitration. Korea has acceded to the New York Convention since 1973. When acceding to the Convention, Korea declared that it will apply the Convention to the recognition and enforcement of awards made only in the territory of another Contracting State on the basis of reciprocity. Also, Korea declared that it will apply the Convention only to differences arising out of legal relationships, whether contractual or not, which are considered as commercial under the national law of Korea. The provisions relating to the enforcement of arbitral awards falling under the New York Convention begin at Article III. The Article III contains the general obligation for the Contracting States to recognize Convention awards as binding and to enforce them in accordance with their rules of procedure. The Convention requires a minimum of conditions to be fulfilled by the party seeking enforcement. According to Article IV(1), that party has only to supply (1) the duly authenticated original award or a duly certified copy thereof, and (2) the original arbitration agreement or a duly certified copy thereof. In fulfilling these conditions, the party seeking enforcement produces prima facie evidence entitling it to obtain enforcement of the award. It is then up to the other party to prove that enforcement should not be granted on the basis of the grounds for refusal of enforcement enumerated in the subsequent Article V(1). Grounds for refusal of enforcement are stipulated in Article V is divided into two parts. Firstly, listed in the first Para. of Article V are the grounds for refusal of enforcement which are to be asserted and proven by the respondent. Secondly, listed in Para. 2 of Article V, are the grounds on which a court may refuse enforcement on its own motion. These grounds are non-arbitrability of the subject matter and violation of the public policy of the enforcement country. The three main features of the grounds for refusal of enforcement of an award under Article V, which are almost unanimously affirmed by the courts, are the following. Firstly, The grounds for refusal of enforcement mentioned in Article V are exhaustive. No other grounds can be invoked. Secondly, and this feature follows from the first one, the court before which enforcement of the award is sought may not review the merits of the award because a mistake in fact or law by the arbitrators is not included in the list of grounds for refusal of enforcement set forth in Article V. Thirdly, the party against whom enforcement is sought has the burden of proving the existence of one or more of the grounds for refusal of enforcement. The grounds for refusal of enforcement by a court on its own motion, listed in the second Para. of Article V, are non-arbitrability of the subject matter and public policy of the enforcement country. From the court decisions reported so far at home and abroad, it appears that courts accept a violation of public policy in extreme cases only, and frequently justify their decision by distinguishing between domestic and international public policy. The Dec. 31, 1999 amendment to the Arbitration Act of Korea admits the basis for enforcement of foreign arbitral awards rendered under the New York Convention. In Korea, a holder of a foreign arbitral award is obliged to request from the court a judgment ordering enforcement of the award.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.65-84
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• 1999

During the past few decades, we have witnessed three approaches to overcome the legal disparities between trading countries: - determining the individual governing law in accordance with the conflict of laws principle; - unifying and harmonizing private international law into uniform rules and substantive laws under the auspices of ICC, UNCITRAL, UNIDROIT and various NGOs ; and - drafting model laws like the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce and promoting member countries to enact them. Against this backdrop, the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the process by which it was adopted, established the benchmark for the unification of commercial law. The CISG, completed in 1980, merged civil and common law concepts and came into force in 1988 after a certain number of countries endorsed the treaty. Besides the CISG, the U.N. Limitations Convention and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Law, to name a few, have attempted to set cross-border legal norms and standards in the international business transactions. However, since the advent of computer-based commerce, there have emerged all-out efforts to establish uniform rules before national legal systems have been developed. As a consequence, the Model Law on Electronic Commerce has become a specimen legislation covering functional equivalents of paper-based writing and signature. For the credit enhancement exemplified by the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees (ICC Publication No.458), the UNCITRAL prepared the U.N. Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit, which was adopted by the U.N. General Assembly in 1995 but remains still not effective as only two countries have ratified this treaty so far. In this connection, two draft conventions underway at UNIDROIT and UNCITRAL deserve our attention as the probability of unification in the Korean Peninsula is mounting. They are to create security interests for commercial finance in moveable equipment and accounts receivable. The UCC-type security rights are regarded to be useful to enable the North Koreans with limited properties to borrow from the banks.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2019

우리나라의 해양경찰권이 미치는 해역은 크게 내수, 영해, 접속수역, 배타적 경제수역, 대륙붕(이하 "국내해역"이라 한다) 및 공해로 구분하고 있으며, 이 중 국내해역에서의 해양경찰권은 국제법인 "해양법에 관한 국제연합 협약"을 수용한 국내법을 따른다. 그 밖에 공해에서는 이 협약을 따르도록 하고 있다. 한편, 국내해역을 벗어난 공해에서는 자국 선박이외 외국선박에 있어서는 해적행위 등 이 협약에서 금지하고 있는 반인류적 범죄행위에 한해 제한적으로 관할권을 허용하고 있다. 하지만 공해상에서 연안국의 해양안보와 선박의 안전을 위협하는 외국선박의 불법행위는 반인류적 범죄 이외 여러 유형의 범죄(case)가 발생할 수 있고 명확한 명문규정 없이 이에 행사된 연안국의 관할권은 국가 간 분쟁을 가져올 수 있는 개연성이 높다 할 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 공해상에서 국제 해양질서를 유지하고, 연안국의 해양경찰권을 안정적으로 확보하기 위한 제도적 개선방안에 대해 제시하고자 한다.