• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2013

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the workloads of industrial and automobile storage battery industries and their association to biological exposure indices. Background: Occupational lead exposure at battery manufacturing workplace is the most serious problem in safety and health management. Method: We surveyed 145 workers in 3 storage battery industries. Environmental factors(lead in air, temperature, humidity and vibration)), biological exposure indices(lead in blood and zinc protoporphyrin in blood) and individual workload factors(process type, work time, task type, weight handling and restrictive clothing) were measured in each unit workplace. Results/Conclusion: Air lead concentration is statistically significant in associations with workload factors(process type, work time, task type, and restrictive clothing) and environmental factors (humidity and vibration), whereas zinc protoporphyrin in blood are significantly associated with work time and weight handling. And lead in blood is significantly associated with work time, weight handling and temperature. Application: The results of this study are expected to be a fundamental data to job design.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.110-117
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• 2017

In the construction of high-rise residential buildings in which the finishing works are done repetitively in each housing unit, the construction period and cost can be reduced, while maintaining the quality, if the work process is properly managed in order for the resources to be input continuously. Time management methods such as the Bar Chart, CPM and LOB are not appropriate, due to the difficulties involved in the diagraming of repetitive works and applying them to the project. The Tact method also has difficulties in maintaining a constant work flow and needs significant effort and cooperation from the subcontractors to allocate the resources consistently. Partitioning, base works for finishing, floor mortar plastering and the final finishing work are done sequentially in residential buildings projects, and there are many repetitive activities which differ in terms of the work method, work area and productivity. If these repetitive activities are synchronized or converged toward the last work area, the goal of process management can be achieved effectively. Therefore, a process planning method for the finishing works of residential building projects is proposed, which takes into consideration elements, such as the sequential relation between the activities in each housing unit and classification of repetitive works in terms of their management method, work area and production rate, for the continuous input of resources into the housing units.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1461-1475
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• 2005

Purpose. The main purpose of this critical ethnography was to examines the process and discourses through which family caregivers experience while caring for their sick family member in a hospital. Methods. This was achieved by conducting in-depth interviews with 12 family caregivers, and by observing their caring activities and daily lives in natural settings. The study field was a unit for neurologic patients. Data was analyzed using taxonomy, discourse analysis, and proxemics. All research work was iteratively processed from March 2003 to December 2004. Results. Constant comparative analysis of the data yielded the process of becoming a successful family caregiver: encountering the differences and chaos as novice; constructing their world of skilled caregivers; and becoming a hospital family as experienced caregivers. During the process of becoming an experienced hospital family, the discourse of family centered idea guided their caring behaviors and daily lives. Conclusion. The paternalistic family caregivers struggled, cooperated, and harmonized with the patriarchal world of professional health care system. During this process of becoming hospital family, professional nurses must act as cultural brokers between the lay family caring system and the professional caring system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.245-246
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• 2012

Lately the Infill Modular Construction System which meets the domestic standards about the structure and fireproof performance and which is applied to the remodeling techniques is being emphasized. In order to introduce the Infill Modular Construction System to domestic market successfully, the development of insufficient element technologies and systematic analysis of process should be preceded. This research aims to establish of Standard Construction Process, as advanced research for the settlement of the Infill Modular Construction System. As advanced research for the activation of the Infill Modular Construction System, this research aims to develop Infill Unit Module's mobile device. This is expected to improve work efficiency. In addition organizing optimized Standard Construction Process by steady work analysis and improvement is being planned.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.908-909
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• 2006

The HTCC based multilayer structure plasma head unit have some difficulties in fabrication due to complicated post-processes, such as heat treatment at reduced atmosphere, re-bonding of each layer, and silver metallization. On the other hand, LTCC based technology provides relatively simple process for multilayer plasma unit except weak mechanical properties. To overcome this problem a combined scheme using both LTCC and HTCC technology has been developed in our group, recently. In this work, we report the structural design, materials selection, joining of LTCC with HTCC substrate, and co-firing process for the fabrication of multilayered atmospheric plasma head unit.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.849-855
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• 2008

The Diagnostic Unit of CLINAID can infer working diagnoses for general diseases from the information provided by a user. This user-provided information in the form of signs and symptoms, however, is usually not sufficient to make a final decision on a working diagnosis. In order for the Diagnostic Unit to reach a diagnostic conclusion, it needs to select suitable clinical investigations for the patients. Because different investigations can be selected for the same patient, we need a process that can optimize the selection procedure employed by the Diagnostic Unit. This process, called a selection algorithm, must work with the fuzzy relational method because CLINAID uses fuzzy relational structures extensively for its knowledge bases and inference mechanism. In this paper we present steps of the selection algorithm along with simulation results on this algorithm using fuzzy relational products, both harsh product and mean product. The computation results of applying several different fuzzy implication operators are compared and analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.130-135
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• 2001

In this study, I have researched into the causes of defects in apartment house, The results of this study are listed below. (1) Water leakages which result from land sinking and cracks, results of misuse of back filling method, are the main reason of defects in civil engineering work and architectural work. (2) Inexperience and unwillingness are the main reason of defects in plaster work. (3) In windows work and painting work, the main reasons are lacks of precision construction and efflorescence resulting from outdoor air, respectively. (4) Defects in waterproofing work and electric work result from fault construction by low unit Costs. (5) Equipment work requires uses of standardized construction materials and management, and landscape architecture work requires minimizing human mistakes, for instance, degin carelessness. For the reasons stated above, the causes of defects in apartment house are insufficient construction labors, inferior construction materials, urgent construction process time, and conscientiousless industrialists who only seek after a profit margin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.163-169
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to replace labor intensive forging processes by an automated system. For achieving it, an exclusive mechanism that consists of a positioner, an arm, and a hanger is configured to handle hot forging objects. Also, a structural analysis is applied to the horizontal motion unit, which is the most highly loaded, in order to verify its validity. In addition, its possibility is also verified through identifying the performance of the proposed system before applying it to sites. As a result, the major characteristic items, such as positioning accuracy, material diameter, object traveling weight, product failure rate, and forging process rate, in this system are perfectly verified for applying it to manufacturing sites.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.179-195
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• 2020

Purpose & Design/methodology/approach Amidst the COVID-19 spread, interest in telework has been increasing as a way to respond to environmental changes and improve organizational performance. In this study, causal loop diagram, thinking process, and four principles of TRIZ were used to find various ways to achieve work-life balance for workers and firms in teleworking environment. Findings The result of the causal loop diagram shows that keeping work-life balance is needed to provide free extra time for workers and achieve the firm's performance through efficient coordination between departments in teleworking environment. Using thinking process of TOC, we proposed a evaporating cloud for work-life balance and reviewed assumptions and premises to maintain extra free time for workers and achieve firm's performance paradoxically, and suggested solutions through the breakdown of the assumptions and premises. Resolving the contradiction(RC) by spatial separation is to divide working spaces into home, smart center, and mobile work types, to find both ways to achieve the organizational performance, and to provide extra time for workers. RC by temporal separation is to divide working time into various unit time, and to find ways to achieve organizational performance through doing work at office or home periodically or shiftly according to a predetermined schedule and time setting. RC by situational separation is to give options of flexible methods of performing work according to the conditions of the company or the worker. RC by separation between part and a whole is to find ways to organize and do the work so that the entire work can be completed efficiently even if each work is performed separately in teleworking way. This study is meaningful in that it provides basic thinking framework for achieving work-life balance in teleworking environment and proposes ways to resolve conflict from various perspectives, but it is limited in that it has not been tested empirically.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1155-1161
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• 2005

Anoxic-oxic process were analyzed numerically for the each unit and final TN effluent by Water Quality Management(WQM) model and the results were compared data from these sewage or wastewater treatment plants. No bugs and logic error were occurred during simulation work. All of the simulation results tried to two times were obtained and both results were almost same thus this model has good reappearance. A few of simulation results were deviated with measured data because lack of influent water qualities are reported however simulation results have wholly good relationship with measured data. Also each unit of simulation result was kept good relationship with that of measured data therefore this WQM model has good reliance. Finally, WQM model predicts final TN effluent within ${\pm}4.1\;mg/{\ell}$