• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2014

Apartment housing should require the systematic maintenance to provide the decent living condition during its life. Each household should participate the maintenance activities and pay for the repair. Therefore, the required cost for repair would be needed to plan in the repair schedule because each household could not pay the much repair money at a time. After apartment constructed, a long term repair plan would be prepared in repair time, repair scope and a required cost. A few studies are said that the repair cost depends on the building deterioration, elapsed year and management factors. The above factors are not be certain to affect the repair management while it may be important to prepare the required money and the repair time. In this paper, it aimed at analyzing the correlation between the repair management and the management factors, especially total area, number of household. This would educe the unit cost per number of household and management area in the individual boiler and elevator with full change and full repair. The unit cost per number of household and area for full change are about 199,000 won/household and $1,954won/m^2$ in the individual boiler respectively. The unit cost of the elevator for full change is 94,000 won/household and $5,429won/m^2$ respectively. Second, this study shows that the elapsed year after construction would not be related the repair unit cost.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

This study fulfills an empirical analysis how the physical factors affect the formation of housing price with the block unit. Block unit houses are a type of housing that pursues comfort and convenience in that the characteristics of individual houses and apartment houses are mixed. Existing studies have focused only on the physical characteristics of various planning elements such as block-type residential complexes. Nevertheless, it is not known whether the physical characteristics of block-type residential complexes reflect the preferences of actual consumers. In addition, there are no sufficient studies on how to evaluate them from the market side. In this study, block-level detached housing sites the target complexes with 10 or more households built between 2002 and 2019. The target areas for analysis are 163 complexes in Paju, Namyangju, Goyang, Suwon, Yongin, Ansan, Gimpo, Incheon, Seongnam, Hwaseong and Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do. The physical elements that make up the unit housing were classified through factor analysis. Finally, regression analysis was conducted to establish the basis determining the price-forming factors. As a result of the analysis, the factors that influenced the price were the site area and the number of community facilities. The variable with negative influence was the distance from Seoul. Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the influence on price formation in various areas was confirmed by presenting the relationship between the facility composition and price of a detached house.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2008

Purpose: Supraventricular arrhythmia is a well-known complication of cardiothoracic surgery, and is common in patients wirth underlying cardiovascular disease. Also, it's treatment and prognosis are well known. However the incidence, the contributing factors, and the prognosis for supraventricular arrhythmias in noncardiothoracic surgical patients are less well known. This study was undertaken to investigate the incidence, the clinical presentation, the prognosis, and the factors comtributing to the prognosis for supraventricular arrhythmia in the surgical intensive care unit. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 34 patients with newly developed or aggravated supraventricular arrhythmias in the surgical intensive care unit between March 2004 and February 2005. The incidence, the risk factors, and the prognosis of supraventricular arrhythmias were analyzed. Results: During a 12month period, the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmia was 1.79% (34/1896). Most patients had pre-existing cardiovascular disease and sepsis. The mortality rate was 29.4%, and the most common cause of death was multiple organ failure due to septic shock. The mean value of the APACHE II score was 20.9, and the surgical intensive care unit and the hospital lengths of stay were 9.9 days and 25.8 days, respectively. The APACHE II score measured when the arrhythmia developed was a significant factor in predicting mortality, Conclusion: Supraventricular arrhythmias result in increased mortality and increased length of stay in both the surgical intensive care unit and the hospital. The arrhythmia itself did not cause death, but a high APACHE II score incicated a poor prognosis. This may reflect the severity of the illness rather than an independent contributor to mortality.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2017

Neonates have large inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetic parameters of many drugs due to developmental differences. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs, which are commonly used in critically ill neonates. Factors that reflect physiologic maturation such as gestational age, postnatal age, postconceptional age, birth weight, and current body weight were correlated with pharmacokinetic parameters in neonates, especially preterm infants. Comorbidity characteristics affecting pharmacokinetics in critically ill neonates were perinatal asphyxia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and renal dysfunction. Administration of indomethacin or ibuprofen in neonates with PDA was associated with the reduced clearance of renally excreted drugs such as vancomycin and amikacin. Therapeutic hypothermia and extracoporeal membrane oxygenation were influencing factors on pharmacokinetic parameters in critically ill neonates. Dosing adjustment and careful monitoring according to the factors affecting pharmacokinetic variability is required for safe and effective pharmacotherapy in neonatal intensive care unit.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.577-585
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• 2008

This paper suggests a marginal probability model for analyzing repeated polytomous response data when some factors are nested in others in treatment structures on a larger experimental unit. As a repeated measures factor, time is considered on a smaller experimental unit. So, two different experiment sizes are considered. Each size of experimental unit has its own design structure and treatment structure, and the marginal probability model can be constructed from the structures for each size of experimental unit. Weighted least squares(WLS) methods are used for estimating fixed effects in the suggested model.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to nurses' organizational citizenship behavior using multilevel analysis which included both nurse characteristics at individual levels and nursing unit characteristics at group levels. Methods: The sample was composed of 1,996 nurses who were selected from 182 nursing units in 28 hospitals in six metropolitan cities and seven provinces using cluster sampling. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from February to March 2006. Results: The results of the study indicated that individual level variables related to organizational citizenship behavior were religion, job position, clinical career, self efficacy, positive affectivity, and supervisor support. The group level variables related to organizational citizenship behavior were collective efficacy, number of nurses in a nursing unit, and the average salary level of a nursing unit. 30.9% of individual level variances of organizational citizenship behavior were explained by the nurses' individual level variables. The explanatory power of group level variables, which is related to group level variances of organizational citizenship behavior, was 75.5%. Conclusion: This research showed that it was necessary to develop appropriate strategies related to not only individual factors, but also higher-level organizational factors such as collective efficacy, to improve individual performances in the hospital.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2018

Objective: To survey knowledge about the factors that influence fertility in a reproductive-age population living in an urban area. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey among both males and females aged 18-45 years living in the Bangkok metropolitan area. Results: The mean age of the participants was $26.8{\pm}7.2years$ (male, 41.9%; female, 58.1%). Of the participants, 53.1% had an undergraduate degree and 57.1% were single. Only one-fifth of the participants correctly identified the age when fecundity declines in male and female, the definition of infertility, and the period during the menstrual cycle with the highest chance of pregnancy. Approximately three-fourths of the participants correctly identified that cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and sexually transmitted infections affect fertility. Conclusion: A considerable knowledge gap about the factors that influence fertility was identified in reproductive-age individuals in an urban area of Thailand. This issue should be urgently addressed by promoting fertility awareness through education, discussions about social perceptions regarding fertility, and reliable sources of knowledge.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors contributed to unplanned readmission to intensive care unit (ICU) and to investigate the prediction model of unplanned readmission. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records which included the data of 3,903 patients who had discharged from ICUs in a university hospital in Seoul from January 2011 to April 2012. Results: The unplanned readmission rate was 4.8% (n=186). The nine variables were significantly different between the unplanned readmission and no readmission groups: age, clinical department, length of stay at 1st ICU, operation, use of ventilator during 24 hours a day, APACHE II score at ICU admission and discharge, direct nursing care hours and Glasgow coma scale total score at 1st ICU discharge. The clinical department, length of stay at 1st ICU, operation and APACHE II score at ICU admission were the significant predictors of unplanned ICU readmission. The predictive model's area under the curve was .802 (p<.001). Conclusion: We identified the risk factors and the prediction model associated with unplanned ICU readmission. Better patient assessment tools and knowledge about risk factors could contribute to reduce unplanned ICU readmission rate and mortality.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate incidence and factors related to diarrhea in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Retrospective correlational design was used. Data were collected from reviewing medical records of 210 patients stayed at an ICU in one university hospital, Seoul. Patients were included in the study if they 1) had no gastrointestinal disorders or fecal incontinence before coming to the ICU, 2) stayed longer than 5 days at the ICU, 3) were not on stool softners, 4) were without abdominal surgery, and 5) were 20-year-old or older. Results: The incidence of diarrhea was 27.1%. Durations of ICU stay, antibiotics administration, and enteral feeding were found to be statistically significant factors correlated with diarrhea. The enteral feeding was the significant predictors of the diarrhea in ICU. Conclusion: Since characteristics of diarrhea in ICU patients is shown to be multifactorial, nursing strategies for evaluating and managing related factors are recommended.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2020

Purpose: This was a descriptive observational study examining the reasons for, frequency of, and factors affecting work interruption among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 46 regular nurses who had been working in an ICU at D tertiary hospital in B metropolitan city for at least six months. To measure the degree of work interruption, this study revised a tool used by Brixey et al. (2007) for analyzing the type of work interruption. Results: A total of 1,787 work interruptions occurred during 368 hours of observation, i.e., at an average of 4.85 times per hour. Communication-related factors caused work interruption most frequently, followed by environmental, work-related, and personal factors. As for the work-related characteristics of nurses, participants experienced work interruption more frequently while working on weekdays, when the medical staff were stationed, than on weekends. Conclusion: ICU nurses experienced work interruption frequently. With the health care system expected to become more complicated in the future, efforts should be made to reduce unnecessary work interruptions to improve the operation efficiency of ICUs.