• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.121-123
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• 2007

Energy harvesting from the vibration through the piezoelectric effect has been studied for powering the wireless sensor node. As piezoelectric unimorph cantilever structure can transfer low vibration to large displacement, this structure was commonly deployed to harvest electric energy from vibrations. Piezoelectric unimorph structure was composed of small stiff piezoelectric ceramic on the large flexible substrate. As there is the large Young's modulus difference between the flexible substrate and stiff piezoelectric ceramic, flexible substrate could not homogeneously transfer the vibration to stiff piezoelectric ceramic. As a result, most piezoelectric ceramics had been broken at the certain point. We measured and analyzed the stress distribution on the piezoelectric ceramic on the cantilever.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.516-521
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• 2014

This paper describes the development of a new piezoelectric unimorph cantilever structure intended to improve electrical output power, compared to a conventional cantilever. The proposed structure employs a cylindrical bar attached to one side of a steel plate, which is a significant factor in forced vibration mode. The feasibility of the proposed methodology was assessed experimentally and theoretically. The influence of three different types of bar material (i.e., stainless steel, silicon rubber, and urethane), and bar position, on the output voltage were examined and compared with those without the bar. The optimal position and material for the bar were identified through experimental and theoretical analyses. It appears that the electrical output power of the proposed cantilever is about 40% higher than that of a conventional unimorph cantilever.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2017

A unimorph piezoelectric cantilever generator with an interdigitated electrode (IDE) was developed for vibration energy harvester applications driven in the longitudinal mode. Hard lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic with a high $Q_m$ of 1,280 was used as the piezoelectric active material. Ten PZT sheets produced by tape casting were laminated and co-fired with an Ag/Pd IDE at $1,050^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. The approximately $280{\mu}m$-thick co-fired PZT laminate with the IDE was attached to a stainless steel substrate with an adhesive epoxy for the fabrication of an IDE unimorph cantilever. Its energy harvesting characteristics were evaluated: an output power of $1.1{\mu}W$ at 120 Hz across the resistive load of $700k{\Omega}$ was obtained, corresponding to a normalized power factor of $4.1{\mu}W/(G^2{\cdot}cm^3)$.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.305-310
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• 2013

This paper analyzes three cantilever-types of piezoelectric actuators of bimorph, unimorph and monomorph in same volume to maximize tip displacement. Tip displacement of each actuator is theoretically derived by using beam theory and numerically verified by FEM. It also investigates the tip displacements of each actuator due to the change of elastic layer. It shows that the piezoelectric actuator of bimorph generates the largest tip displacement among them.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2015

수중 음향 벡터센서는 음압 뿐 아니라 음파의 진행 방향에 관한 정보를 측정할 수 있는 센서이다. 본 논문에서는 미세 외팔보를 이용한 수중 음향 벡터 센서를 구현하기 위해 음향학적 이론을 바탕으로 음향과 기계 구조물의 상호작용을 이론적으로 정립하고자 하였다. 감응 방식으로 압전 효과를 이용한 두 가지 유니모프(unimorph)형태의 모델을 제시하였으며, 제시된 모델에 대하여 압전 미세 외팔보의 거동을 집중 질량 모델을 통해 음파가 임의의 주파수와 각도를 가지고 미세 외팔보로 입사할 때 나오는 신호의 크기를 구할 수 있는 전달함수를 유도하였다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 매우 얇고 유연한 구조물로 미세 외팔보를 설계하면 매질의 입자 속도에 관한 정보를 직접적으로 측정 가능한 센서로 활용할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Composites Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 지능 구조물 작동기의 성능 향상을 위해 압전 단결정을 적용한 압전 복합재료 작동기 LIPCA-S2를 설계, 제작하고 성능을 측정하였다. 외팔보 형태로 고정된 LIPCA-S2의 끝단 변위를 예측하기 위하여 공급 전압에 대한 압전 재료 작동층의 변형을 기반으로 곡률 변화 예측 모델을 적용하였으며, 실제 작동기의 성능을 측정하여 두 결과를 비교하였다. 외팔보 상태의 LIPCA-S2의 끝단 처짐에 대한 결과를 비교하였을 때, 예측 결과가 측정 결과에 비하여 4배 정도 크게 예측되었음을 확인하였다. 각 결과의 차이는 LIPCA-S2 내부에 삽입된 압전 단결정에 작용하는 압축 응력에 대하여 압전 단결정 특성이 영향을 미치는 것이라 가정하여, LIPCA-S2를 제작하는 과정에서 발생된 잔류 응력과, 작동층에 전압을 가하며 작동기를 구동했을 때 발생하는 응력 변화를 고전 적층 이론을 통해 계산하였다. 박판 압전 단결정에 평면 방향으로 압축 응력이 변할 때, 압전 변형상수의 변화와 탄성계수의 변화를 측정하였고, 이러한 특성 변화를 고려한 새로운 예측 모델을 활용한 예측 결과는 실제 측정값에 근접함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.409-419
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• 2006

The actuating performance of plate-type unimorph piezoelectric composite actuators having various stacking sequences was evaluated by three dimensional finite element analysis on the basis of thermal analogy model. Thermal residual stress distribution at each layer in an asymmetrically laminated plate with PZT ceramic layer and thermally induced dome height were predicted using classical laminated plate theory. Thermal analogy model was applied to a bimorph cantilever beam and LIPCA-C2 actuator in order to confirm its validity. Finite element analysis considering thermal residual deformation showed that the bending behavior of piezoelectric composite actuator subjected to electric loads was significantly different according to the stacking sequence, thickness of constituent PZT ceramic and boundary conditions. In particular, the increase of thickness of PZT ceramic led to the increase of the bending stiffness of piezoelectric composite actuator but it did not always lead to the decrease of actuation distance according to the stacking sequences of piezoelectric composite actuator. Therefore, it is noted that the actuating performance of unimorph piezoelectric composite actuator is rather affected by bending stiffness than actuation distance.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.776-780
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• 2016

Recently, energy harvesting technology is increasing due to the fossil fuel shortages. To compensate problem of low generating power than other energy harvesters, many researchers have studied about piezoelectric harvester for obtaining high output. In this paper, four kinds of unimorph based piezoelectric harvesters were proposed and its generating characteristics were studied. Each of the piezoelectric harvesters has three, four, and six unimorph arms, respectively, and the arms are symmetrically arranged from one central point. The centrosymmetric structure of the harvesters guarantees more stable and multiplied generation than a cantilever-type harvester since the arms of the harvester resonate at same frequency. Resonance frequency, output voltage, displacement, and stress characteristics of the generator were analyzed by using a FEM (finite element method) program. Harvesters were fabricated on the basis of analysis results. Experimental results were compared with simulated results.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 Techno-Fair 및 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.152-153
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• 2007

This paper describes a resonant driving piezoelectric micro cantilever practicable to ultrasound thrombolysis device for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The proposed piezoelectric cantilever was designed to be a unimorph structure of Si/$SiO_2$/Ti/Pt/PZT/Pt, and fabricated by top-down sequence etching process. The red blood cell (RBC) lysis experiment was carried out to confirm the usability of the proposed cantilever. Total 87.76 % of RBCs were ruptured using the ultrasound generated by up-down actuations of the fabricated cantilever with AC voltage having the frequency of 19.36 Hz and the magnitude of $30V_{p-p}$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.955-960
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• 2012

We fabricated piezoelectric unimorph cantilever generators (UCG) using $Pb(Zr_{0.54}Ti_{0.46})O_3$ + 0.2 wt% $Cr_2O_3$ + 1.0 wt% $Nb_2O_5$ (PZCN) piezoelectric thick films, which were produced by a tape casting method. The PZCN thick films were tailored with same width and thickness but different lengths from 7.7 to 57.7 mm in order to evaluate optimized UCG for energy harvesting device applications. When the length of PZCN film was increased, the resonance frequency of UCG was slightly increased from 7 Hz to 8 Hz, which could be due to enlarged area of the highly stiff piezo-ceramic film. However, the output power was proportionally increased with the length of PZCT film and it reached 4.68 mW (1.221 $mW/cm^3$) when the film's length was 57.7 mm under 25 g of tip mass at 8 Hz, which is sufficient for micro-scale device applications.