• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
• /
• pp.429-429
• /
• 2008

Li$[Ni_{1/2}Co_{1/2}]O_2$ powder were synthesized from co-precipitation spherical metal oxide, $[Ni_{1/2}Co_{1/2}](OH)_2$. The preparation of metal hydroxide was significantly dependent on synthetic conditions, such as pH, amount of chelating agent, stirring speed, etc. The optimized condition resulted in $[Ni_{1/2}Co_{1/2}](OH)_2$, of which the particle size distribution was uniform and the particle shape was spherical, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Calcination of the uniform metal hydroxide with LiOH at higher temperature led to a well-ordered layer-structured Li$[Ni_{1/2}Co_{1/2}]O_2$, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction pattern. Also these materials have ${\alpha}-NaFeO_2$ ($R\bar{3}m$) structure. Due to the homogeneity of the metal hydroxide, $[Ni_{1/2}Co_{1/2}](OH)_2$, the final product, Li$[Ni_{1/2}Co_{1/2}]O_2$, was also significantly uniform, i.e., the average particle size was of about 10 to 15 ${\mu}m$ in diameter and the distribution was relatively narrow. As a result, the corresponding tap-density was also high approximately 2.41 $gcm^{-3}$, of which the value is comparable to that of commercialized $LiCoO_2$.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제12권9호
• /
• pp.712-717
• /
• 2002

New wet chemical method so called precipitation-evaporation method was suggested for preparing spinel structure lithium manganese oxide ($LiMn_2$$O_4$) for Li ion secondary battery. Using precipitation-evaporation method, $LiMn_2$$O_4$ cathode materials suitable for Li ion secondary batteries can be synthesized. Single spinel phase $LiMn_2$$O_4$ powder was synthesized at lower temperature compared to that of prepared by solid-state method. $LiMn_2$$O_4$ powder prepared by precipitation-evaporation method showed uniform, small size and well defined crystallinity particles. Li ion secondary battery using $LiMn_2$$O_4$ as cathode materials prepared by precipitation-evaporation method and calcined at $800^{\circ}C$ showed discharge capacity of 106.03mAh/g and discharge capacity of 95.60mAh/g at 10th cycle. Although Li ion secondary battery showed somewhat smaller initial capacity but good cyclic ability. It is suggested that electro-chemical properties can be improved by controlling particle characteristics by particle morphology modification during calcination and optimizing Li ion secondary battery assembly conditions.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.709-714
• /
• 1997

암모니아수를 이용한 가수분해법에 의해 운모의 이산화티타늄 피복을 시행하여 합성조건의 영향을 조사했다. 운모표면에 균일한 $TiO_2$ 피막을 얻기 위해서는 운모의 입자경이 작고 비표면적이 넓은 쪽이 유리하다. 또한 반응용액상에서 생선된 입자는 운모표면에 유리상태로 부착하여 피막을 불균일화시키므로, 용액상에서의 수화 $TiO_2$ 콜로이드 입자 생성속도를 느리게 제어할 필요가 있다. 본 실험에서 운모의 크기는 $14.7{\mu}m$, 운모 슬러리 용액의 pH는 2.5, $TiOSO_4$ 용액의 F.A.는 291, 반응온도는 $80{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ 정도가 적당하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 균일한 피복을 실현하기 위해서는, 반응온도를 변화시켜 입자의 석출율을 제어하는 일이 필요하다. 이 경우 석출율이 큰 쪽이 균일하고 치밀한 피막을 얻을 수 있었다. 이렇게 하여 얻어진 $TiO_2$ 피복 운모는 $900^{\circ}C$의 소성전후에서 형태에 큰 변화는 없었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.137-139
• /
• 2008

Floating zone, neutron transmutation-doped and magnetic Czochralski silicon crystals are being widely used for fabrication power devices. To improve the quality of these devices and to decrease their production cost, it is necessary to use large-diameter wafers with high and uniform resistivity. Recent developments in the crystal growth technology of Czochralski silicon have enable to produce Czochralski silicon wafers with sufficient resistivity and with well-controlled, suitable concentration of oxygen. In addition, using Czoehralski silicon for substrate materials may offer economical benefits, First, Czoehralski silicon wafers might be cheaper than standard floating zone silicon wafers, Second, Czoehralski wafers are available up to diameter of 300 mm. Thus, very large area devices could be manufactured, which would entail significant saving in the costs, In this work, the conventional Czochralski silicon crystals were grown with higher oxygen concentrations using high pure polysilicon crystals. The silicon wafers were annealed by several steps in order to obtain saturated oxygen precipitation. In those wafers high resistivity over $5,000{\Omega}$ cm is kept even after thermal donor formation annealing.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제37권8호
• /
• pp.774-780
• /
• 2000

In order to improve luminescence prperty of phosphors, we have synthesized Zn2SiO4:Mn phosphors by a new chemical synthetic route, i.e., the homogeneous precipitation method. This method has featured that the formation of phosphoris completed at relatively low temperature of 105$0^{\circ}C$ and the particle morphology exhibits spherical shape to be well-dispersed and uniform size. At all the Mn concentration explored, phosphors prepared by this method have exhibited the improved emission intensities. In particular, the emission intensities of phosphors with Mn doping contents between 1 at% and 3.5 at% were higher about 40% than that of commercial phosphor. On the other hand, the decay time has been decreased from 23 ms to 11 ms with increasing Mn concentration. In addition, the phosphor composition containing 3 at% Mn has displayed the most saturated color.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제40권8호
• /
• pp.798-803
• /
• 2003

In synthesis of nano powders, the hard agglomeration for the synthesized powders occurred during the drying processing. In order to avoid hard agglomeration in particles the freeze drying process was used in this experiment. e fabricated the Yttira-Doped Ceria(YDC) nano powder by co-precipitation. Starting materials used in experiments were the cerium(III) nitrate and yttrium(III) nitrate solution with 야-water, which two solutions were mixed and then the precipitated hydroxides were prepared for adding sodium hydroxide. The co-precipitated powders were dried by the thermal drying at 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 h and by freeze drying at -4$0^{\circ}C$, 30 mtorr for 72 h. The lattice parameter and crystallite size as a function of calcination temperature was characterized by XRD analysis. The lattice parameter of YDC was decreased with addition amount of yttrium and was estimated as 5.401683 $\AA$ at $700^{\circ}C$. Crystallite size were calculated by XRD-LB method, and morphologies were confirmed with the observation of TEM and SEM. The freeze dried YDC powders had medium diameter of 17 nm with more uniform size distribution than the thermal dried YDC posers, which were mainly ascribed to the difference of agglomerates formation during drying stage.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제56권10호
• /
• pp.655-665
• /
• 2023

본 연구에서는 일정한 경사와 조도를 갖는 가상 유역에서 10가지 규모의 강수가 순간적으로 발생할 때 단위유량도를 산출하였다. 그런 다음 강수 규모에 대하여 단위유량도 첨두유량의 관계와 첨두발생시간의 관계를 각각 산출하였다. 이때 강수 규모만이 유역의 단위유량도 첨두치에 주는 영향을 파악하기 위해서 자연 유역을 대신하여 마름모 형태, 일정 경사, 일정 조도의 유로 환경 상태 등으로 단순화한 가상 유역을 적용하였다. 그리고 유역에 내린 강수는 유효우량이고 유출은 직접유출이고 낙하지점에서 출구 방향으로 직선적인 등류로 유출된다고 가정하였다. 강수 규모를 10가지로 유효강수 10 mm, 40 mm, 90 mm, 160 mm, 250 mm, 360 mm, 640 mm, 1,000 mm, 1,210 mm, 1,690 mm의 경우로 하여 단위유량도의 첨두유량과 첨두발생시간을 각각의 관계를 산출하였다. 본 연구에서 주목할 만한 성과는 유역의 저류 효과가 없어도 강수 규모가 커질수록 유출 깊이가 커져서 유역의 유속이 빨라지고 단위 시간당 유하 거리도 커지므로 첨두유량은 커지고 첨두발생시간은 빨라진다는 것이었다. 이는 유역 유출의 비선형적 특성이다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.458-458
• /
• 2012

Climate extreme variability is a major cause of disaster such as flood and drought types occurred in Korea and its effects is also more severe damage in last decades which can be danger mature events in the future. The main aim of this study was to assess the effectives of climate change on drought for an agriculture as Nakdong basin in Korea using climate change data in the future from data of General Circulation Models (GCM) of ECHO-G, with the developing countries like Korea, the developed climate scenario of medium-high greenhouse gas emission was proposed of the SRES A2. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was applied for drought evaluation. The drought index (SPI) applied for sites in catchment and it is evaluated accordingly by current and future precipitation data, specific as determined for data from nine precipitation stations with data covering the period 1980-2009 for current and three periods 2010-2039, 2040-2069 and 2070-2099 for future; time scales of 3month were used for evaluating. The results determined drought duration, magnitude and spatial extent. The drought in catchment act intensively occurred in March, April, May and November and months of drought extreme often appeared annual in May and November; drought frequent is a non-uniform cyclic pattern in an irregular repetitive manner, but results showed drought intensity increasing in future periods. The results indicated also spatial point of view, the SPI analysis showed two of drought extents; local drought acting on one or more one of sites and entire drought as cover all of site in catchment. In addition, the meteorology drought simulation maps of spatial drought representation were carried out with GIS software to generate for some drought extreme years in study area. The method applied in this study are expected to be appropriately applicable to the evaluation of the effects of extreme hydrologic events, the results also provide useful for the drought warning and sustainable water resources management strategies and policy in agriculture basins.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.10-22
• /
• 1990

A study has been investigated on the effect of mechanical properties (tension strength, rotary bending fatigue strength, wear resistance, hardness) according to the carbide particle size variation by the treatment of 1) quenching tempering, and 2) quenching, subzero treatment and tempering. The material used in this investigation was a typical bearing steel, high C high Cr, AISI E 52100. The result obtained in this study were as follows : (1) Finer the carbide particle size increasing the hardness and retained austenite in same quenching condition. (2) Finer the carbide particle size reduced the tension and rotary bending fatigue which were resulted from austenite grain growth and carbide precipitation on grain boundry that induced by carbide refine heat treatment. (3) Finer the carbide particel size increasing the wear resistance which were resulted by uniform distribution of carbide and increased hardness induced by microstructural uniform hardenability of matrix. (4) When the carbide particles were refinded, subzero treatment is effective only wear resistance and hardness.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.3 No.2
• /
• pp.935-938
• /
• 2002

The degree of contamination in outdoor insulation system is one of the most importance factor to determine the level of insulation, and the salt is known as the most dangerous contaminants in the most region of the world. In a macroscopic point of view, as shown through the preceding study, the generation and deposition of salt contaminants has a great relation with the geographical conditions and the meteorological conditions, such as, wind velocity, wind direction, precipitation and so forth. However, in the aspect of microscopic analysis, the pollution mechanism has a great relation with aerodynamic properties of insulator, originated from the profile of insulators, and the non-uniform deposition is unevitable. So, in this investigation, we had make a experiment to seize the electrical properties of non-uniformly contaminated insulator. The results of this investigation could be used as a good groundwork in the determination of outdoor insulation design.