• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.585-588
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• 2005

Many process parameters have an effect on the auto-body panel forming process. A well designed blank shape causes the material to flow smoothly, reduces the punch and yields a product with uniform thickness distribution. Therefore, the determination of an initial blank shape plays the important role of saving time and cost in the auto-body panel forming process. For these reasons, some approaches to estimate the initial blank shape have been implemented, in this paper The one-step approach using a finite element inverse method will be introduced to predict the optimal forming with changing of blank pressure the developed program is applied to auto-body panel forming.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.26-37
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• 2012

Multi-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality models are widely used to simulate the physical and biogeochemical processes in the surface water systems such as reservoirs and estuaries. Most of the models have adopted the Eulerian grid modeling framework, mainly because it can reasonably simulate physical dynamics and chemical species concentrations throughout the entire model domain. Determining the optimum grid cell size is important when using the Eulerian grid-based three-dimensional water quality models because the characteristics of species are assumed uniform in each of the grid cells and chemical species are represented by concentration (mass per volume). The objective of this study was to examine the effect of grid-size of a three dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model (EFDC) on hydrodynamics and mass transport in the Saemangeum Reservoir. Three grid resolutions, respectively representing coarse (CG), medium (MG), and fine (FG) grid cell sizes, were used for a sensitivity analysis. The simulation results of numerical tracer showed that the grid resolution affects on the flow path, mass transport, and mixing zone of upstream inflow, and results in a bias of temporal and spatial distribution of the tracer. With the CG, in particular, the model overestimates diffusion in the mixing zone, and fails to identify the gradient of concentrations between the inflow and the ambient water.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2018

Accumulation of coal ash at the boiler wall reduces combustion and fuel efficiency. The design of a wall blower is important to effectively remove coal ash. We present numerical results for the removal of coal ash from boiler walls of domestic coal-fired power plants, associated with the computational fluid dynamics for the flow from spray nozzle to boiler wall. The numerical model simulates an erosion process in which the multiphase fluid comprising saturated vapor and fluid water is sprayed from the nozzle, and the water particles impact the boiler wall. We adopt the Finnie erosion model for water particles. We obtain the erosion rate density as a function of nozzle angle and its injection angle. As excessive coal ash removal usually induces damage to the boiler wall, the removal operation typically focuses on a large area with uniform depth rather than the maximum removal of coal ash at a specific location. In order to estimate the removal performance of the wall blower nozzle considering several functionality and reliability factors, we evaluate the optimal injection and nozzle angles with respect to the biggest cumulative and highest erosion rates, as well as the widest range and lowest standard deviation of the erosion rate distribution.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.226-229
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• 2006

Process design has been performed for the warm hydroforming of light weight alloy tubes. For the heating of tubes, specially designed induction heating system has been adopted to ensure rapid heating of tubes. The induction heating system uses 30kHz frequency induction coil in order to concentrate the energy in the tube and prevent the energy loss. But the induced heat by the integrated heating system, consisting of induction coil, tube, pressure oil and dies, was normally not equally distributed over the length and circumference of the tube specimen, and consequent temperature distribution was non-uniform. So additional heating element has been inserted into the inside of the tube to maintain the forming temperature and reduce temperature drop due to heat loss to the molds. And for that heat loss, a heat insulation system has also been installed. The drop in flow stress at elevated temperatures results in lower internal pressure for hydroforming and lower clamping forces. The proposed warm hydroforming process has been successfully implemented when applying 6061 aluminum extruded tubes.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2015

Multi-pass shape drawing is used to manufacture long products of arbitrary cross-sectional shapes. This process allows smooth surface finishes and closely controlled dimensions of the cross-sectional shape. Tube shape drawing for hollow type products provides material savings and weight reduction. The intermediate die shapes are very important in multi-pass tube shape drawing. In the current paper, the design method for the intermediate dies in a tube shape drawing process is developed using a die offset for corner filling (DOCF) method. Underfill defects are related to the radial velocity distribution of each divided section in the deformation zone. The developed intermediate die shape design was applied to the two-pass tube shape drawing with fixed mandrel for manufacturing a hollow linear motion (LM) guide rail. The proposed design method led to uniform and steady metal flow at each divided section. FE-simulations and experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in multi-pass tube shape drawing process.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2005

The AC loss is an important issue in the design of the high temperature superconductor (HTS) power cables, which consist of a number of lli 2223 tapes wound on a former. In the cables, the tapes have different critical currents intrinsically. And they are electrically connected to each other and current leads. These make loss measurements considerably complex, especially for short samples of laboratory size. In this work we have prepared a multi-tape conductor composed of Bi-2223 tapes. The at losses of the conductor have experimentally investigated. The loss tests indicate that the effect of tapes critical currents on AC loss measurement in the multi tape conductor is negligible only if currents in the tapes flow uniformly Moreover, the measured tosses of the conductor are in good agreement with the sum of the transport losses in the tapes. However, in the case of non-uniform current distributions, the measured AC losses considerably depend on the current distribution parameter of the positioning of a voltage lead. Thus special cautions should be needed for the measurement of the true AC losses in the short power cable samples.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.544-549
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• 2006

In this work, we have employed the strain gradient plasticity theory to investigate the effect of material size on the deformation behavior in metal forming process. Flow stress is expressed in terms of strain, strain gradient (spatial derivative of strain) and intrinsic material length. The least square method coupled with strain gradient plasticity was used to calculate the components of strain gradient at each element of material. For demonstrating the size effect, the proposed approach has been applied to plane compression process and micro rolling process. Results show when the characteristic length of the material comes to the intrinsic material length, the effect of strain gradient is noteworthy. For the microcompression, the additional work hardening at higher strain gradient regions results in uniform distribution of strain. In the case of micro-rolling, the strain gradient is remarkable at the exit section where the actual reduction of the rolling finishes and subsequently strong work hardening take places at the section. This results in a considerable increase in rolling force. Rolling force with the strain gradient plasticity considered in analysis increases by 20% compared to that with conventional plasticity theory.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.521-533
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• 2012

Interest in application of ultraviolet light technology for primary disinfection that used for the treatment of water for consumption and wastewater has increased significantly in recent years. Analysis of these systems has been carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) procedure. It offers advantages over other techniques in specific circumstances. CFD has emerged as a powerful tool to aid design of a UV reactor by providing the UV dose delivered by the proposed reactor design and allowing engineers to evaluate alternative designs in much less time and at a reasonable cost. In this study, five different configurations of the apparatus depending on the location of the exit are evaluated in terms of maximum dose, minimum dose, flow patterns, particle tracks and transient dose. The configuration 3 results have higher minimum UV dose value and uniform particle distribution of the UV dose on the outlet than other's.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2008

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) allows the planarization of wafers with two or more materials. There are many elements such as slurry, polishing pad, process parameters and conditioning in CMP process. Especially, polishing pad is considered as one of the most important consumables because this affects its performances such as WIWNU(within wafer non-uniformity) and MRR(material removal rate). In polishing pad, grooves and pores on its surface affect distribution of slurry, flow and profile of MRR on wafer. A subject of this investigation is to apply CMP for planarization of shallow trench isolation structure using microstructure(MS) pad. MS pad is designed to have uniform structure on its surface and manufactured by micro-molding technology. And then STI CMP performances such as pattern selectivity, erosion and comer rounding are evaluated.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 1986

정지수역(靜止水域)에서 연직상향(鉛直上向)으로 방류(放流)되는 평면부력(平面浮力)?의 거동을 연속방정식(連續方程式), 운동량수송식(運動量輸送式) 및 추적물(追跡物) 수송식(輸送式)에 의하여 수치적(數値的)으로 해석한다. 이 해석은 유함수(流凾數)와 과수송식(過輸送式)을 도입하고 Prandtl 난류모형(亂流模型)을 이용하였다. 방류밀도(放流密度) Froude 수(數)가 4~32인인 부력(浮力)?의 발달된 흐름영역(領域)에서 구한 ?중심선의 속도(速度)와 온도변화(溫度變化), ?주변수역(周邊水域)의 온도분포(溫度分布)와 흐름양상은 기존자료와 잘 맞음을 확인할 수 있다. 적분형해석(積分型解析)에 필요한 퍼짐율과 확산비(擴散比)가 방류밀도(放流密度) Froude 수(數)와 방류구(放流口)로부터의 거리의 함수로 유도된다.