• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.220-241
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• 2024

Due to its unique advantages, electrochemical machining (ECM) is playing an increasingly significant role in the manufacture of difficult-to-machine materials. Most of the current ECM research is conducted at room temperature, with studies on ECM in a cryogenic environment not having been reported to date. This study is focused on the electrochemical dissolution characteristics of typical iron and nickel base alloys in NaNO₃ solution at low temperature (-10℃). The polarization behaviors and passive film properties were studied by various electrochemical test methods. The results indicated that a higher voltage is required for decomposition and more pronounced pitting of their structures occurs in the passive zone in a cryogenic environment. A more in-depth study of the composition and structure of the passive films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the passive films of the alloys are modified at low temperature, and their capacitance characteristics are more prominent, which makes corrosion of the alloys more likely to occur uniformly. These modified passive films have a huge impact on the surface morphologies of the alloys, with non-uniform corrosion suppressed and an improvement in their surface finish, indicating that lowering the temperature improves the localization of ECM. Together with the cryogenic impact of electron energy state compression, the accuracy of ECM can be further improved.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2000

It is well known that during the oxygen cutting process residual thermal stresses are produced in weldment. The local non-uniform heating and subsequent cooling which takes place during any welding process causes complex thermal strains and stresses to finally lead to residual stresses exceed to the yield stress. High tensile stresses combined with applied structural load in the region near the welded joint can given rise to distortion brittle fracture change of the fatigue strength and stress corrosion cracking. The appropriate treatment of the welded component which reduces the peak of he welding residual stresses is believed to lower risk of the fracture during the service of the structure. In this study the impact loading in oxygen cutting frame was applied to reduce the residual stress. After applying the impact loading redistribution of resid-ual stress was measured by cutting method and the effect of fatigue was tested.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2017

Dry processes like evaporation and sputtering in vacuum chamber are difficult to make a uniform, large area and high quality film on thin PET substrate because of PET degradation and bad adhesion. On the other hand, wet processes like electro or electroless plating have complex processes and require high environmental cost. In this study, we successfully prepared $2{\mu}m$ Zn/Cu/Ni multilayers coated on $12{\mu}m$ polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by using dry-wet mixing processes. Their surface electric resistances were evaluated around $0.2{\Omega}$ by using 4 probe measurements. Furthermore, their corrosion resistance also evaluated by natural potential test and compared with other wet, dry and mixing process samples.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2010

강구조물은 부식에 의한 단면감소와 이로 인한 내하성능의 저하가 우려된다. 그러나 부식손상이 강부재의 내하성능에 미치는 영향과 잔존 내하성능 평가법은 명확하게 정립되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 부식 손상된 지하철 가시설 주형보의 웨브와 플랜지에서 절취한 부식시편의 인장실험을 실시하여, 부식손상이 인장 내하성능에 미치는 영향과 인장 잔존 내하성능 평가법에 대하여 검토하였다. 부식 가시설 주형보로부터 절취한 총 21개의 부식시편은 먼저 화학적 방법에 의해 부식생성물을 제거하고 1mm간격으로 표면형상을 측정한 후 인장실험을 실시하였다. 이러한 인장실험 결과는 주형보의 플랜지에서 절취하여 두께 13mm로 기계 가공한 무부식 기준시편의 인장실험 결과와 비교하여, 잔존두께와 표면형상이 부식강재의 항복하중, 인장하중 및 연신율에 미치는 영향을 정량화하였다. 그리고 부식의 유무에 상관없이 일정한 강재의 극한강도를 이용하여 무부식 등단면 강재와 동일하게 인장응력을 평가할 수 있는 불규칙 변단면 부식강재의 유효두께를 표면형상 측정결과로 산출한 평균잔존두께와 표준편차로 정식화하였다. 또한 이러한 결과를 실무에도 적용할 수 있도록 부식강재의 합리적인 잔존두께 측정간격도 제시하였다.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.445-449
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• 2018

Chromium plating is a common surface treatment technique extensively applied in industry due its excellent properties which include substantial hardness, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, surface color, and luster. In this study, the effect of $MoS_2$ particles of the composite coating was investigated. To improve the lubrication of mold, $Cr-P-C/MoS_2$ composite plating was studied by varying the $MoS_2$ content. The current efficiency of the composite plating incorporated $MoS_2$ particles was increased at $MoS_2$ contents of 0.5 and 1.0 g/l due to the incorporation of fine particles. On the other hand, when the content of $MoS_2$ is 1.0 g/l or more, the current efficiency is lowered due to an increase in impact on the cathode surface. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of Scratch test were conducted. Scratch test confirmed the lubricity and abrasion resistance characteristics revealed that the composite plating with added $MoS_2$ had relatively low surface roughness and uniform surface modification to improve its properties.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.247-261
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• 2023

Due to the non-uniform distribution of meso-structure, the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete show the characteristics of characteristics of randomness and fuzziness, which leads to the non-uniform distribution of chloride ions and the non-uniform corrosion of steel rebar in concrete. This phenomenon is supposed as the main reason causing the uncertainty of the bearing capacity deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. In order to analyze and predict the durability of reinforced concrete structures under chloride environment, the random features of chloride ions transport in concrete were studied in this research from in situ meso-structure of concrete. Based on X-ray CT technology, the spatial distribution of coarse aggregates and pores were recognized and extracted from a cylinder concrete specimen. In considering the influence of ITZ, the in situ mesostructure of concrete specimen was reconstructed to conduct a numerical simulation on the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete, which was verified through electronic microprobe technology. Then a stochastic study was performed to investigate the distribution of chloride ions concentration in space and time. The research indicates that the influence of coarse aggregate on chloride ions diffusion is the synthetic action of tortuosity and ITZ effect. The spatial distribution of coarse aggregates and pores is the main reason leading to the non-uniform distribution of chloride ions both in spatial and time scale. The chloride ions concentration under a certain time and the time under a certain concentration both satisfy the Lognormal distribution, which are accepted by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Chi-square test. This research provides an efficient method for obtain mass stochastic data from limited but representative samples, which lays a solid foundation for the investigation on the service properties of reinforced concrete structures.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2006

본 논문은 국내 PWR 발전소에서 S/G tube 재질로 사용되고 있는 Inconel 600 및 690에 대한 부식 실험을 수행함으로써 작업자들의 주요 피폭원인 $^{58}Co,\;^{60}Co,\;^{51}Cr,\;^{54}Mn,\;^{59}Fe$의 생성량을 예측하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 Inconel 600 및 690 재질로 총 12개의 시편을 제작하여 실제 발전소의 운전조건과 유사하거나 가혹한 조건에서 전면 부식실험을 pH별로 20일씩 총 60일간 수행하였고, 실험 결과를 정량적으로 분석하기 위해 GDS(Glow Discharge Spectrometer) 장비를 사용하였다. GDS 장비를 이용하여 정량적으로 분석한 결과 pH 7 및 9에서는 Inconel 600이 Inconel 690에 비해 부식이 잘 되는 것으로 나타난 반면, pH 4에서는 Inconel 690이 부식이 더 잘 되는 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 경향을 보이는 것은 과도상태의 영향이 과도하게 반영된 것에 기인한 것으로 비교적 정확한 결론을 도출하기 위해서는 장시간의 부식 실험을 수행함으로써 과도상태에 의한 영향을 최소화해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

To investigate the relationship between heat treatment in zirconium alloy tubing process and metallurgical characteristics of Zr-1Nb-0.69Sn-0.11Fe alloy tubes, mechanical and oxidation behaviors of tubes heat treated at different temperatures after the final pilgering were investigated. The stress strain curves exhibited the saturation behaviors in all heat treatment conditions ($460{\sim}600^{\circ}C$) in this study with the onset strain of saturation increased with increase of post-pilgering annealing temperature. The strength fell off rapidly with increasing annealing temperature. The ultimate strength of the low tin Zr-1Nb-0.69Sn-0.11Fe alloy with slightly higher iron and oxygen contents in this study was found to be higher than Zr-1Nb-1Sn-0.1Fe alloy. The oxidation experiments in steam condition revealed that the corrosion resistance of low tin Zr-1Nb-0.69Sn-0.11Fe alloy was better than the Zr-1Nb-1Sn-0.1Fe alloy with a higher Sn content. The weight gain of low tin Zr-1Nb-0.69Sn-0.11Fe alloy tubes gradually increased with the increasing annealing temperature possibly due to the decreased Nb content in the matrix because of the formation of ${\beta}-Nb$ particles.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2003

Ceramic filter has been demonstrated as an attractive system to improve the thermal efficiency and to reduce the effluent pollutants. Removal of particulates from the hot gas stream is very important in air pollution control. In particular, the elimination of the particulate matters discharged from a gas turbine at high temperature can prevent the corrosion inside the IGCC. In this study, a Lab. scale test and numerical simulation were carried out to comprehend the relationship between pulse jet pressure and recovery of pressure drop and to characterize the reverse cleaning flow through a ceramic fil-ter element under high temperature and high pressure. When the pulse-jet pressures were 2, 3 and 4 kg/$ extrm{cm}^2$, the cleaning effect increase of about 10~30% by recovery of pressure drop caused by pulse pressure. Cleaning effect at 45$0^{\circ}C$ was greater than that at 55$0^{\circ}C$ or 650$^{\circ}$ for the same pulse pressure. According to the result of the present simulation, high pressure has been formed in terminal and central regions in our models and temperature distribution caused by pulse air is to be uniform comparatively on inner surface of filter.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.947-957
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• 2023

Curved cylindrical structures such as elbows have a non-uniform thickness distribution due to their fabrication process, and as a result have a number of complex mode shapes, including circumferential and axial nodal patterns. In nuclear power plants, material degradation is induced in pipes by flow accelerated erosion and corrosion, causing the wall thickness of carbon steel elbows to gradually thin. The corresponding frequencies of each mode shape vary according to the wall thinning state. Therefore, the thinning state can be estimated by monitoring the varying modal characteristics of the elbow. This study investigated the varying modal characteristics of artificially thinned carbon steel elbows for each thinning state using numerical simulation and experimental methods (MRIT, Multiple Reference Impact Test). The natural frequencies of specified mode shapes were extracted, and results confirmed they linearly decreased with increasing thinning. In addition, by comparing single FRF (Frequency Response Function) data with the results of MRIT, a concise and cost effective thinning estimation method was suggested.