• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2009

The North and South Koreas have different standards for computer keyboard designs, though both are two sets type keyboards. We expect that the unified design will be three sets type as the third standard. Korean keyboards of three sets type are classified as 3 modes in this paper, such as limited models, medium models, and extended models. Based on design principles of three sets type, 27, 29, 30, 36, and 38 keys models for a unified standard are suggested.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제77권5호
• /
• pp.691-703
• /
• 2021

Reinforced concrete (RC) beams can be subjected to a complex combination of shear forces (V), torsional moments (T), flexural moments (M) and axial loads (N). This paper proposes a unified approach for the analysis of these elements. An existing model for the analysis of orthogonally reinforced concrete membrane elements subjected to in-plane shear and normal stresses is generalized to apply to the case of beams subjected to the complex loading. The combination of V and T can be critical. Torsion is modelled using the hollow-tube analogy. A direct equation for the calculation of the thickness of the equivalent hollow tube is proposed, and the shear stresses caused by V and T are combined using a simple approach. The development and the evaluation of the model are described. The calculations of the model are compared to experimental data from 350 beams subjected to various combinations of stress-resultants and to the calculations of the ACI and the CSA codes. The proposed model provides the most favorable results. It is also shown that it can accurately model the interaction between V and T. The proposed model provides a unified treatment of shear in beams subjected to complex stress-resultants and in thin membrane elements subjected to in-plane stresses.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.306-315
• /
• 1998

In this paper, a unified approach to the H\ulcorner controller design is proposed under the $\delta$-form for both continuous and discrete systems. Most of important basic concepts of H\ulcorner control, such as inner, co-inner, GCARE and GFARE, are reformulated by the unified form. The NLCF(Normalized left Comprime Factor) plant description has been reviewed in the $\delta$-form, and some corresponding results are proposed. And the unified H\ulcorner controller is designed which is based on the McFarlane and Glover{1]. The state-space parameterization for all suboptimal controllers is given under the NLCF model which may not be strictly proper, and the central controller is derived by using the solution to Hankel norm approximation problem[2]. The unified controller is applied to the industrial boiler control problem to exemplify the performance of the controller.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제1권
• /
• pp.229-268
• /
• 1997

Recently, object-oriented concepts and technology are on the leading edge of programming language and database systems research, and their usefulness in those contexts has been successfully demonstrated. The adoption of object-oriented concept to the design of model bases has several benefits. From the perspectives of object-oriented approach, models in a model base are viewed as object which encapsulate their states and behaviors. This paper focuses on the design of an object-oriented model base that handles various resources of DSS(data, knowledge, models, solvers) in a unified fashion. For the design of a model base, we adopted Object Modeling Techniques(OMT). An object model of OMT can be used for the conceptual design of an overall model base schema. The object model of OMT provides several advantages over the conventional approaches in model base design. The main advantage are model reuse, hierarchical model construction, model sharing, meta-modeling, and unified model object management.

• 대기
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.471-479
• /
• 2014

A road surface temperature prediction model (UM-Road) using input data of the Unified Model (UM) output and road physical properties is developed and verified with the use of the observed data at road weather information system. The UM outputs of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, downward shortwave radiation, net longwave radiation, precipitation and the road properties such as slope angles, albedo, thermal conductivity, heat capacity at maximum 7 depth are used. The net radiation is computed by a surface radiation energy balance, the ground heat flux at surface is estimated by a surface energy balance based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity, the ground heat transfer process is applied to predict the road surface temperature. If the observed road surface temperature exists, the simulated road surface temperature is corrected by mean bias during the last 24 hours. The developed UM-Road is verified using the observed data at road side for the period from 21 to 31 March 2013. It is found that the UM-Road simulates the diurnal trend and peak values of road surface temperature very well and the 50% (90%) of temperature difference lies within ${\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ (${\pm}2.5^{\circ}C$) except for precipitation case.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제19권8호
• /
• pp.1345-1360
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we propose a new real-time human detection under omni-directional cameras for visual surveillance purpose, based on CNN with unified detection and AGMM. Compared to CNN-based state-of-the-art object detection methods. YOLO model-based object detection method boasts of very fast object detection, but with less accuracy. The proposed method adapts the unified detecting CNN of YOLO model so as to be intensified by the additional foreground contextual information obtained from pre-stage AGMM. Increased computational time incurred by additional AGMM processing is compensated by speed-up gain obtained from utilizing 2-D input data consisting of grey-level image data and foreground context information instead of 3-D color input data. Through various experiments, it is shown that the proposed method performs better with respect to accuracy and more robust to environment changes than YOLO model-based human detection method, but with the similar processing speeds to that of YOLO model-based one. Thus, it can be successfully employed for embedded surveillance application.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보과학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.1 (A)
• /
• pp.583-585
• /
• 2001

RUP의 Unified Process Model 에는 Use-Case Model, Analysis Model, Design Model, Deployment Model, Implementation Model, Test Model의 6가지 모델이 있다. 이 모델들은 모두 일관성이 있다. 한 모델에서 나오는 요소들은 전, 후 단계에서 다른 모델들과 Trace Dependencies를 갖는다. 예를 들면, Use-Case Model에서는 한 Use Case는 Design Model에서 Use-Case Realization으로 Test Model에서는 Test Case로 Trace Dependencies를 갖는다. 소프트웨어 개발에서 추적성은 Understandability와 Change Propagation 과 같은 이유로 매우 중요하다. 그러나 RUP에서는 각 모델들간의 추적성에 대한 지침이 충분히 제시되어 있지 않아, 개발 과정중에 요구사항의 변경이나 에러 수정 또는 향후 관리 시에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 점에 중점을 두고 RUP에서 제시하고 있는 모델들 간의 추적성 중 설계모델에서 분석모델로의 추적성 적용지침을 제시한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.74-80
• /
• 2010

음성 및 오디오 코덱은 각 신호의 특성 및 응용 분야가 다르기 때문에 오랜 기간 동안 각기 다른 부호화 방법을 기반으로 개발되고 발전되어 왔다. 최근 방송 및 통신 시스템이 융합되는 흐름에 발맞추어 3GPP 및 ISO/IEC MPEG 등의 표준화 기관에서는 두 신호를 하나의 통합 코덱을 이용하여 압축 전송하기 위한 노력을 지속해 왔다. 그 일환으로 MPEG에서는 그 간의 표준화된 기술들을 통합하고, 다양한 주관적 음질 평가 결과를 기반으로 USAC (Unified speech and audio coding)이라고 불리는 코덱의 표준화를 진행 중이다. 그러나 USAC RM (Reference model) 소프트웨어의 구조적인 복잡성, 사용되지 않는 수많은 모듈로 인한 용량의 비대함, 그리고 부호화기의 열악한 성능 등으로 인하여 기존 RM을 개선하고자 하는 필요성이 지속적으로 제기되었다. 본 논문에서는 USAC에 포함된 주요 기술을 설명하고, 이러한 문제를 최소화하기 위해 오픈 소스 기반으로 새롭게 설계된 RM 소프트웨어를 제안한다. 이는 2010년 4월 MPEG 회의에서 발표되었으며, 6월 모든 참여 기관을 위해 소스코드가 공개되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제45권5호
• /
• pp.729-747
• /
• 2022

The critical buckling loads and buckling modes of bi-directional functionally graded porous unified higher order shear plate with elastic foundation are investigated. A mathematical model based on neutral axis rather than midplane is developed in comprehensive way for the first time in this article. The material constituents form ceramic and metal are graded through thickness and axial direction by the power function distribution. The voids and cavities inside the material are proposed by three different porosity models through the thickness of plate. The constitutive parameters and force resultants are evaluated relative to the neutral axis. Unified higher order shear plate theories are used to satisfy the zero-shear strain/stress at the top and bottom surfaces. The governing equilibrium equations of bi-directional functionally graded porous unified plate (BDFGPUP) are derived by Hamilton's principle. The equilibrium equations in the form of coupled variable coefficients partial differential equations is solved by using numerical differential integral quadrature method (DIQM). The validation of the present model is presented and compared with previous works for bucking. Deviation in buckling loads for both mid-plane and neutral plane are developed and discussed. The numerical results prove that the shear functions, distribution indices, boundary conditions, elastic foundation and porosity type have significant influence on buckling stability of BDFGPUP. The current mathematical model may be used in design and analysis of BDFGPU used in nuclear, mechanical, aerospace, and naval application.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.162-168
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we propose a new Verilog-A current-voltage model for multi-level-cell PCRAMs. This model can describe the PCRAM operation not only in full SET and RESET states but also in the partial resistance states. And, 3 PCRAM operating regions of SET-RESET, Negative Differential Resistance, and strong-ON are unified into one equation in this model thereby any discontinuity that may introduce a convergence problem cannot be found in the new PCRAM model. The percentage error between the measured data and this model is as small as 7.4% on average compared to 60.1% of the previous piecewise model. The parameter extraction which is embedded in the Verilog-A code can be done automatically.