• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 1995

Fauna of medically important arthropods in Chindo Island was studied in July 1994. Among eight speices of mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae), Culex tritenirohyunchus was predomiant (46.5% of the total0, and Anopheles sinensis the next. Seven specimens of the unidentified Culex sp. which seemed to be new were also collected. Total 23 species of non-biting midges(Diptera : Chiornomidae) were found in Chindo Is. Of them , Chironomus kiiensis was the predominant species (67.3%) , and Ch.flaviplumus the next (15.6%). Three species, Cladopelma viridula, Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus and Harnischia urtilamellata are reported for the first time in Korea, and they are fully re-described with illustrations. Among five species of biting midges (Diptera : Ceraopogenidae) collected, Culicoides punctatus was predominant (88.7%). A species of Foreipomia was also collected, and this genus is not recorded in Korean fauna. Only two species of domiciliary cockroaches, Periplaneta japonica and P.americana were collected in small numbers and Blatella germanica which is known as the most predominant speices in Korea was not found. The predominant speices of field rodents was Apodemus agrarius and thier ectoparasites were Leptotrombidium orientale (Acarina : Tromicibulidae), Lxodes nipponensis (Acarina : Ixodidae) ; Laelaps jettmani and Eulaelaps stabularis (Acarina : Laelapidae).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.387-391
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• 2009

Specific IgE against Acarus siro, Glycphagus domesticus, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and Lepidoglyphus destructor have been investigated by ELISA in sera of 92 children. Of them, 41 were found to be specific IgE positive ($\geq$ 0.35 IU/ml) against at least one of house dust mite species, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, by an immunoblot. In 65.9% of the dust mite-sensitized children, specific IgE against at least one of these mite species was found. Sensitization levels, including co-sensitization cases were found to be 35.7% against A. siro, 24.4% against T. putrescentiae, 31.7% against L. destructor, and 26.8% against G. domesticus. In non-sensitized children, dust mite sensitization level was found to be 25.5%. Breakdown of sensitization by individual species in this group was; against A. siro and T. putrescentiae at 7.8%, against L. destructor at 13.7%, and against G. domesticus at 9.8%. When all children were reckoned, 43.5% was found to be sensitized against at least one storage mite species, with sensitizations against A. siro at 18.5%, T. putrescentiae at 26.1%, L. destructor at 21.7%, and G. domesticus at 17.4%. In dust samples collected from the dwellings of children, distribution of species was found to be A. siro (17%), G. domesticus (23%), T. putrescentiae (29%), L. destructor (25%), and unidentified (6%). In Fisher's chi-square test on SPSS program, there was a relationship between dust mite sensitization and storage mite sensitization (P < 0.05), but no meaningful relationship was found on the basis of individual mite species.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.419-423
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• 2014

The present study was performed to know the infection status of intestinal helminths in a most common species of field mice, Apodemus agrarius, from 2 southern regions of Korea. Total 133 and 103 mice were collected by the mouse trap in Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do and Gurye-gun, Jeollanam-do, respectively, from July 2005 to June 2006. The small intestine of each mouse was resected and longitudinally opened with a pair of scissors. The intestinal contents were washed with 0.85% saline until the supernatant became clear. Helminths were collected with naked eyes or under a stereomicroscope from the sediment of the intestinal content. More than 11 species of helminths (4 nematode spp., 5 trematode spp., and 2 cestode spp.) were recovered. Among these, heligmosomoid nematodes (97.5%) was the most highly and heavily infected species. As the members of trematodes, Plagiorchis muris, Brachylaima sp., Echinostoma hortense, Echinostoma cinetorchis, and unidentified echinostome larvae were found in the small intestines of 35 (14.8%), 12 (5.1%), 6 (2.5%), 1 (0.4%), and 1 (0.4%) mice respectively. Two species of tapeworms, Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta were also detected in 79 (33.5%) and 21 (8.9%) mice, respectively. Conclusively, heligmosomoid nematodes were the most prevalent (dominant) species among more than 11 helminth species detected, and Brachylaima sp. fluke is newly added in the list of intestinal trematodes in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.225-233
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• 2013

Gibberella fujikuroi species complex (GFSC) was isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed samples from ten Asian countries and investigated for incidence of GFSC, molecular characteristics, and pathogenicity. Regardless of geographic origin, GFSC was detected with incidences ranging from 3% to 80%. Four species, Fusarium fujikuroi, F. concentricum, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides, were found to show an association with rice seeds, with F. fujikuroi being the predominant species. In phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences, no relationship was found between species, isolates, and geographic sources of samples. Unidentified fragments of the ${\beta}$-tubulin gene were observed in ten isolates of F. fujikuroi and F. verticillioides. With the exception of three isolates of F. fujikuroi, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides were found to have FUM1 (the fumonisin biosynthetic gene); however, FUM1 was not found in isolates of F. concentricum. Results of pathogenicity testing showed that all isolates caused reduced germination of rice seed. In addition, F. fujikuroi and F. concentricum caused typical symptoms of bakanae, leaf elongation and chlorosis, whereas F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides only caused stunting of seedlings. These findings provide insight into the characteristics of GFSC associated with rice seeds and might be helpful in development of strategies for management of bakanae.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 2010

The status of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal colonization in Pinus thunbergii seedlings was investigated 2 years after planting in an eastern coastal area of Korea. We established three $10{\times}10$ m plots at a P. thunbergii plantation in Gangneung and sampled lateral roots from 10 seedlings in each plot. ECMs were classified into morphological groups and the number of root tips of each morphotype was counted. In total, 8 ECM morphotypes were observed and fungal species that form each morphotype were identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear rDNA. Suillus granulatus was the most abundant species (44.1-65.7% of relative abundance) in all plots, followed by Tomentella ellisii (14.0-37.8%) and unidentified fungus belonged to Atheliaceae (10.6-20.1%). These 3 fungal species accounted for almost all of the ECM abundance in each plot (94.9-99.8%). The remaining 5 fungal species were uncommon and rare. There was no clear difference in ECM fungal communities among plots. Community structure of ECM fungi in the young P. thunbergii plantation was simple and composed of fungal species that were also observed in mature coastal pine forests.

• ALGAE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.257-268
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• 2008

Species composition, standing crop and dominant species of phytoplankton were investigated at 6 sites of Galgok stream and Incheon river which run into Gomso Bay, Jeollanam-do in April, August and November 2007. Total of 210 taxa were found which were classified as 6 classes, 12 orders, 25 families, 66 genera, 177 species, 27 varieties, 5 forms and 1 unidentified species. These river and stream had lower concentration of T-N and T-P compared to that of others; however, the site 2 of Galgok stream in summer was hypertrophic in T-P and also near hypertrophic in TN, and the site 1 in Incheon river during fall appeared to be hypertrophic in T-N, and the site 3 in summer showed near hypertrophic level in T-P. Determining the trophic status of the water quality based on chlorophyll a (chl-a), the site 3 of Galgok stream in spring and the site 3 of Incheon river in fall were oligotrophic; moreover, 6 sites including the site 2 and 3 of Galgok stream in summer were mesotrophic, and 9 sites including all sites of Galgok stream in fall turned out to be eutrophic. Particularly, the site 1 of Galgok stream in summer was hypertrophic, having 58.19 mg chl-a m$^{-3}$. There was a conspicuous difference between two values of standing crops based on chl-a and cell counting. This discrepancy may have occurred because of abundant cyanophytes and exclusion of picoplankton cells in cell counting. In the study, 5 cyanophytes, Synechocystis aquatilis, Microcystis aeruginosa, M. flos-aquae, Oscillatoria angustissima, O. limnetica and 2 diatoms, Thalassiosira bramaputrae and Navicula viridula var. rostellata were abundant. Based on the T-N, T-P values, standing crops and cell counting in Galgok stream and Incheon river were between mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.187-196
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• 2002

A spectral line survey is performed from 159.7 to 164.7 GHz toward Orion-KL, as an extension of our previous line survey from 138.3 to 150.7 GHz with the same 14 m radio telescope of Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory. Typical system temperatures were 260 - 1000 K to achieve a sensitivity of about 0.02 - 0.04 K in TA unit. A total of 63 line spectra are detected in this survey. Among them, 54 lines lines are found to be the first detections towards an astronomical source and only 9 spectral lines have been previously identified from other observations. Forty-eight of 54 lines are believed to be from the known transitions of the known molecules, while 6 lines are 'unidentified'. All detected lines are found to be from a total of 10 molecular species and their isotopic variants. The molecular species with most numerous detected transitions are $HCOOCH_3$ (22), followed by $CH_3OCH_3$ (7), $C_2H_5CN$ (7), and $SO_2$ (6). The LTE rotation diagram analysis using all homogeneous data with those from previous survey gives more reliable determination of physical quantities. The derived values of the rotation temperatures and column densities for $HCOOCH_3$, $CH_3OCH_3$, and $SO_2$ are are 75 $\~$ 197 K and $1.5 {\~}18 {\times} 10^{15}\;cm^{-2}$, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.112.3-113
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• 2003

More than 30 isolates of Alternaria were obtained from various solanaceous crops in Korea. For all isolates, morphological characteristics of the conidia were determined and compared with those of representative isolates of A. solani and A. tomatophila. Pathogenicity test was performed to Potato, tomato, egg plant and red Pepper and molecular characteristics of them including the representative isolates were determined using sequence analyses of ITS rDNA and histone H3 gene, and URP-PCR analysis. Based on morphological characteristics, the isolates from the solanaceous crops were grouped as identical or very similar to either A. tomatophila(ATO), A. solani(ASO), and unidentified Altemaria sp.(ASP). Among the molecular markers used in this study, the URP-PCR analysis was found to be appropriate for taxonomic resolution of these species. Based on the conidial morphology, pathogenicity test and molecular characteristics, A. tomatophila(early blight of tomato) could be distinguished from A. solani(early blight of potato), and the Alternaria sp.(ASP) from potato, which was closely related to A. solani in conidial morphology, was considered as a new species.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2018

To investigate the occurrences of resting cysts of Diplopsalis and Protoperidinium species, sediment trap samples were collected from Gamak Bay, Korea. Based on the germination experiments, nine species of order Peridiniales were identified; cyst of Diplopsalis lebourae, cyst of Protoperidinium excentricum, cyst of Protoperidinium sp. cf. nudum, cyst of Protoperidinium obtusum, cyst of Protoperidinium ventricum, cyst of Protoperidinium sp.1, cyst of Protoperidinium sp.2, Protoperidinium sinuosum (Brigantedinium majusculum) and unidentified Peridiniales.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1301-1307
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• 2014

White-rot fungi of the genus Bjerkandera are cosmopolitan and have shown potential for industrial application and bioremediation. When distinguishing morphological characters are no longer present (e.g., cultures or dried specimen fragments), characterizing true sequences of Bjerkandera is crucial for accurate identification and application of the species. To build a framework for molecular identification of Bjerkandera, we carefully identified specimens of B. adusta and B. fumosa from Korea based on morphological characters, followed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region and 28S nuclear ribosomal large subunit. The phylogenetic analysis of Korean Bjerkandera specimens showed clear genetic differentiation between the two species. Using this phylogeny as a framework, we examined the identification accuracy of sequences available in GenBank. Analyses revealed that many Bjerkandera sequences in the database are either misidentified or unidentified. This study provides robust reference sequences for sequence-based identification of Bjerkandera, and further demonstrates the presence and dangers of incorrect sequences in GenBank.