• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.24.1-24.8
• /
• 2017

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different algae in diet on growth, survival, and interleukin-10 productions of sea cucumber. At first, a 9-week feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and survival of the sea cucumber fed one of the six experimental diets containing ST (Sargassum thunbergii), UL (Ulva lactuca), UP (Undaria pinnatifida), LJ (Laminaria japonica), SS (Schizochytrium sp.), and NO (Nannochloropsis oculata) in a recirculating aquaculture system. The result showed that survival was not significantly different among the dietary treatments, and the specific growth rate (SGR) of sea cucumber fed the UL diet ($1.58%d^{-1}$) was significantly higher than that of sea cucumber fed the other diets (P < 0.05), except for the LJ and NO diets. Secondly, interleukin (IL)-10 gene expression was determined where mice splenocytes were stimulated with $10{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ of sea cucumber extracts for 2 h. The result showed that IL-10 gene expression levels were significantly increased in UL, LJ, and NO diets fed sea cucumber extracts compared to other experimental diets. The results suggest that dietary inclusion with Ulva lactuca, Laminaria japonica, and Nannochloropsis oculata algae may improve the growth of juvenile sea cucumber and could upregulate IL-10 gene expression in mice splenocytes. Such detailed information could be helpful in further development of more appropriate diets for sea cucumber culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.164-169
• /
• 1994

$Ca^{++}$ content and histochemical changes during processing Mooks prepared with sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) and sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) were studied. $Ca^{++}$ content of sea mustard Mook during gelation in $CaCl_2$ solution was not only increased fast, but also decreased fast during soaking in distilled water as comparing with that of sea tangle Mook. Both solubilization of the seaweeds by 1 % $K_2HPO_4$ and filtration of solubilized seaweed were decreased the extruding amount of $Ca^{++}$ from Mooks during soaking. The cell walls in sea mustard were likely irregular and ling, but those in sea tangle were regular and round shape. alginic acid was mainly occurred around cell walls. The alginic acid was gradually solubilized depending on heating and alkali treatment. Thus, the fillament cells in sea tangle were cut finely during processing Mook, while those in sea mustard were remained tolerably.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2005

Effect of dietary brown seaweed(Undaria pinnatifida) levels on the anti-oxidant enzyme system was evaluated in blood of broiler chicks activated innate immune response. Day-old broiler chicks were fed diets containing 0.0(basal), 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 % of brown seaweed for 4 weeks. The innate immune response was activated by injecting Salmonella typhymurium lipopolysaccharide(LPS) i.p. at 8, 10 and 12 day of age. The activation of innate immune response enhanced(p< 0.01) and the brown seaweed 1.0 and 2.0 % diets reduced(P< 0.05) the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in erythrocyte cytosol significantly. The activation of innate immune response elevated significantly the levels of peroxide and the activity of peroxidase in plasma, while the levels of dietary brown seaweed resulted in a significant linear increase in peroxidase activity in plasma of normal bird. Experience of the innate immune response in 4 week-old chicks reduced linearly the plasma level of peroxide with the level of brown seaweed and enhanced the plasma peroxidase activity. Also, the plasma of normal birds fed the brown seaweed showed higher level of peroxide and lower activity of peroxidase. The results indicated that dietary brown seaweed affected SOD and peroxidase activities in blood of broiler chicks during activation of innate immune response.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.42-48
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Seaweeds have been reported to have various health beneficial effects. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of four types of domestic brown seaweeds in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). MATERIALS/METHODS: Male C57BL/6N mice were fed low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD containing Undaria Pinnatifida, HFD containing Laminaria Japonica (LJ), HFD containing Sargassum Fulvellum, or HFD containing Hizikia Fusiforme (HF) for 16 weeks. RESULTS: Brown seaweed supplementation did not affect long-term HFD-associated changes in body weight or adiposity, although mice fed HFD + LJ or HFD + HF gained slightly less body weight compared with those fed HFD at the beginning of feeding. Despite being obese, mice fed HFD + LJ appeared to show improved insulin sensitivity compared to mice fed HFD. Consistently, we observed significantly reduced blood glucose concentrations in mice fed HFD + LJ compared with those of mice fed HFD. Although no significant differences in adipocyte size were detected among the HFD-fed groups, consumption of seaweeds decreased formation of HFD-induced crown-like structures in gonadal adipose tissue as well as plasma inflammatory cytokines. BMDM from mice fed HFDs with seaweeds showed differential regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 compared with BMDM from mice fed HFD by LPS stimulation. CONCLUSION: Although seaweed consumption did not prevent long-term HFD-induced obesity in C57BL/6N mice, it reduced insulin resistance (IR) and circulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, seaweeds may ameliorate systemic inflammation and IR in obesity partially due to inhibition of inflammatory signaling in adipose tissue cells as well as bone marrow-derived immune cells.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2008

In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial and antifungal activity from the wild seaweeds of Jeju island. The active ingredients of the seaweeds were prepared by 80% methanol extraction. Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of seaweed extracts was examined. We found that 6 plant extracts among 45 plants, namely, Codium contractum, Undaria pinnatifida, Ishige sinicola, Ishige okamurai, Ishige okamuriai, Ecklonia cava, Hizikia fusiformis, Ulva fasciata, Ulva pertusa, Sargassum siliquastrum, Ecklonia kurome, Gracilaria textorii, significantly inhibited growth of harmful microorganisms. Additionally, according to DPPH assay. 2 plant extracts were found to have antioxidant activities. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility that 11 plant extracts can be utilized as an antimicrobial agent.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.11.1-11.8
• /
• 2019

Background: In the present study, the skin-whitening effects of a marine-sourced mixture that includes a fucoidanrich extract of Undaria pinnatifida (UPEF), a phlorotannin-rich extract of Ecklonia cava (ECE), and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from sea squirt skin were investigated. Methods: The whitening effects of the mixture and its components were evaluated by measuring the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. Results: Each component alone markedly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner, and in ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells, they inhibited melanin synthesis and were cytotoxic. However, the whitening effects of UPEF, ECE, and GAGs in combination were greater than those of each component alone. A mixture in the ratio of 4:5:1 (UEG-451) showed the strongest activity without cytotoxicity. Further study suggested that UEG-451 inhibits ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in B16F10 cells by downregulating tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related proteins, such as TRP-1 and TRP-2, via the inhibition of MITF expression. Conclusions: These results suggest that mixing the different components at optimum ratios might be an effective way to improve their bioactivities and reduce toxicity and that UEG-451 possesses strong whitening effects that could be used in the cosmetic industry.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.1007-1016
• /
• 2021

This study examined the characteristics and seasonal distribution patterns of subtidal marine algal communities along the east coast of Korea, from 2016 to 2017, and recorded the coverage ratio (%) by the algal type. During the study period, 134 marine algae species (16 green, 29 brown, and 89 red) were identified at the survey sites. The maximum number of species was observed at the Nagok site (70 species), and the minimum at the Gisamoon site (50 species). The total average biomass (dry weight) during the survey period was 66.22 g/m², including green algae (2.19 g/m²), brown algae (38.10 g/m²), and red algae (25.94 g/m²). The dominant seaweeds in the vertical distribution based on coverage rates (%) were Sargassum yezoense and Dictyopteris divaricata at the upper, Symphyocladia latiuscula and Undaria pinnatifida at the middle, and Agarum clathratum subsp. yakishiriense and Plocamium telfairiae at the lower sections of the distribution. Richness, evenness, and diversity index, calculated based on the biomass of the abundant species, were estimated to be 6.36, 0.55, and 1.98, respectively, over the entire sea area. Based on the evaluation of the environmental states using community indices, the ecological evaluation index (EEI-c) of subtidal marine algal communities along the east coast of Korea was marked as 'good-moderate'.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.102-111
• /
• 2022

Beakryoung-do is located in the north along the western coast of South Korea. Owing to its geographical limitations, not many studies have been conducted on marine algae in this region. This study aims to investigate the marine algal flora and the community structure in the intertidal and subtidal zones of Nampo-ri, Beakryoung-myeon, Ongin-gun, Incheon regions of South Korea. The study was conducted from August 2015 to June 2016 during all seasons. A total of 95 algal species, including 7 green algae, 12 brown algae, and 76 red algae were collected and identified; 52 algal species were found in the intertidal zone and 83 in the subtidal zone. The vertical distribution of algae from upper to lower intertidal zone was Neorhodomela aculeata - Caulacanthus okamurae, Gelidiophycus freshwateri - Neorhodomela aculeata, Caulacanthus okamurae - Sargassum thunbergii, Caulacanthus okamurae. Findings indicated that Sargassum thunbergii and Neorhodomela aculeata were the biomass-dominant species in the intertidal zone and Corallina officinalis and Undaria pinnatifida were biomass-dominant in the subtidal zone. Average values of marine algae biomass in the intertidal and subtidal zones were 252.6 g wet weight m^-2 and 291.9 g wet weight m^-2, respectively. Further, 38 new species were found in Beakryoung-do, with 25 of them specifically found in the subtidal zone. More studies on marine algal flora in the subtidal zone are needed to understand the changes in marine flora along the western coast.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.56 no.5
• /
• pp.691-700
• /
• 2023

This study examined the seasonal variations of subtidal marine algal community structures along four sites in Jejudo Island, Korea, from February 2016 to November 2018. A total of 147 marine algal species were identified, including 13 green (8.84%), 26 brown (17.69%), and 108 red algae (73.47%). During the study period, the number of species was highest in Sagye (116 species) followed by numbers in Sinheung (98 species), Bukchon (90 species) and Sinchang (73 species). Ecklonia cava, Peyssonnelia caulifera, Synarthrophyton chejuense, Corallina aberrans and Corallina crassisima occurred at all study sites and in all seasons. The average annual biomass of marine algal flora was 746.29±88.85 g wet wt./m² and ranged from 652.25 g/m² at Sinheung to 979.91 g/m² at Sagye. The brown alga E. cava was the most dominant species, occupying 42.85% (319.80 g/m²) of the total seaweed biomass. Subdominant species were C. crassissima and Undaria pinnatifida, comprising 10.22% (76.29 g/m²) and 9.66% (72.13 g/m²), respectively. A similarity analysis showed that there were regional differences in the algal communities, with three distinct groups.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.69 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2024

High soil salinity is the most severe threat to global rice production as it causes a significant decline in rice yield. Here, we investigated the effects of various plant extracts on rice plant stress associated with high salinity. Additionally, we examined various physiological and biochemical parameters such as growth, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, and lipid peroxidation - in rice plants after treatment with selected plant extracts under salt stress conditions. Of the 11 extracts tested, four - soybean leaf, soybean stem, moringa (Moringa oleifera), and Undaria pinnatifida extracts - were found to effectively reduce salt stress. A reduction of only 3-23% in shoot fresh weight was observed in rice plants under salt stress that were treated with these extracts, compared to the 43% reduction observed in plants that were exposed to stress but not given plant extract treatments (control plants). The effectiveness varied with the concentration of the plant extracts. Water content was higher in rice plants treated with the extracts than in the control plants after 6 d of salt stress, but not after 4 d of salt stress. Although photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), and the content of pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) varied based on the types and levels of stress and the extracts that the rice plants were treated with, generally, photosynthetic efficiency and pigment content were higher in the treated rice compared to control plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased as the duration of stress increased. ROS and MDA levels were lower in the treated rice than in the control plants. Proline and soluble sugar accumulation also increased with the duration of the stress period. However, proline and soluble sugar accumulation were lower in the treated rice than in the control plants. Generally, the values of all the parameters investigated in this study were similar, regardless of the plant extract used to treat the rice plants. Thus, the extracts found to be effective can be used to alleviate the adverse effects of stress on rice crops associated with high-salinity soils.