• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.19-29
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• 2007

This paper introduces a robot knowledge framework which is represented with multiple classes, levels and layers to implement robot intelligence at real environment for mobile robot. Our root knowledge framework consists of four classes of knowledge (KClass), axioms, rules, a hierarchy of three knowledge levels (KLevel) and three ontology layers (OLayer). Four KClasses including perception, model, activity and context class. One type of rules are used in a way of unidirectional reasoning. And, the other types of rules are used in a way of bi-directional reasoning. The robot knowledge framework enable a robot to integrate robot knowledge from levels of its own sensor data and primitive behaviors to levels of symbolic data and contextual information regardless of class of knowledge. With the integrated knowledge, a robot can have any queries not only through unidirectional reasoning between two adjacent layers but also through bidirectional reasoning among several layers even with uncertain and partial information. To verify our robot knowledge framework, several experiments are successfully performed for object recognition and navigation.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 2009

Purpose: Adequate health-related information provided by health professionals may help cancer patients overcome their uncertain situation and manage their healthcare. To provide information effectively, there is a need to understand the content of the patients' essential information. The purpose of this study was to identify recent informational needs of postoperative gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 190 postoperative gastric cancer patients who attended the Stomach Cancer Patients' Day ceremony (18 November 2008) held by the Stomach Cancer Center of Samsung Medical Center with the use of a questionnaire which measured informational needs. A questionnaire with 37 items was comprised of domains of diagnostic tests, cancer therapy, prognosis, follow-up, sexual activity, stomach cancer-related information, and 7 single items. Results: The priorities of informational needs were the domains of prognosis, ways of healthcare during treatment (a single item), follow-up, stomach cancer-related information, cancer therapy, and diagnostic tests (in descending order). Items related to prognosis, diet, and management of their healthcare ranked in the top 10 informational need scores. As age decreased, the degree of informational needs about diagnostic tests, cancer therapy, sexual activity, and stomach cancer-related information increased. Conclusion: We suggest that prognosis-related information based on the accumulated institutional therapeutic outcomes and objective prognosis data should be incorporated in the current education program. Health professionals should provide comprehensible information content to cancer patients and caregivers and encourage patients to participate in their therapy with a more positive attitude.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.151-160
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• 2003

The stability of the designed rock slope is analysed based on two kinds of shear strength model. Besides the deterministic analysis, a probabilistic approach on Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to deal with the uncertain characteristics of the discontinuity and the results obtained from two models are compared to each other. To carry out the research of characteristics of the discontinuity, BIPS, DOM Scanline survey data and direct shear test data are used, and chi-square test is used for determining the probability distribution function. The rock slope is evaluated to be stable in the deterministic analysis, but in the probabilistic analysis, the probability of failure is more than 5%, so, it is considered that the rock slope is unstable. In the shear strength models, the probability of the failure based on the Mohr-Coulomb model(linear model) is higher than that of the Barton model. It is supported by the fact that the Mohr-Coulomb model is more sensitive to block size than the Barton model. In fact, there is no reliable way to estimate the unit cohesion of the Mohr-Coulomb model except f3r back analysis and in the case of small block failure in the slope, Mohr-Coulomb model may excessively evaluate the factor of the safety. So, the Barton model of which parameters are easily acquired using the geological survey is more reasonable for the stability of the studied slope. Also, the selection of the proper shear strength model is an important factor for slope failure analysis.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2010

Water mains underground facilities are essential components to make up urban infrastructure. In order to manage these water mains underground facilities systematically and scientifically, GIS (Geographic Information System) had been constructed. For the sake of construction of GIS for water mains underground facilities, an exact underground detection and the construction of DB (Data Base) for buried water mains underground facilities should be preceded. In this study, in order to find out the ways to improve exact detection rate of data, the statistical analysis for the causes of detection raw degradation was done, and standardization methods of detection through a case study were suggested, When water mains underground facilities were measured, the detection of non-metallic water pipes was not carried out. The reason was that the results of detection was uncertain and detection was difficult because the assessment of public measurements was vulnerable. Moreover, due to the absence of standardized operating regulations for detection, systematic surveys weren't conducted. In this study, methods to standardize works over the detection of water mains underground facilities were presented so that we can improve the detection rate when we are doing that. As the proposals to improve detection rate, effective performance assessment over non-metallic pipes were presented, and related issues to supplement work regulations of public survey were described systematically.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1403-1407
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• 2015

Background: New tumour biomarkers are being intensely investigated for malignant mesothelioma (MM). Fibulin-3 is produced in MM but its role remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of measuring serum fibulin-3 in the diagnosis and prognosis of MM. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed on 43 patients and 40 healthy controls who were admitted to our hospital between January 2012 and January 2014. Data from MM patients, including demographic and clinical features, routine laboratory data, levels of serum fibulin-3, and treatment outcomes were defined as potential prognostic factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for fibulin-3 was used to detect the cut-off value with highest sensitivity and specificity. Univariate survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method in patients with MM. Afterwards, the possible factors identified with univariate analyses were entered into the cox regression analysis. Results: Our results revealed that patients with MM had significantly higher serum levels of fibulin-3 than controls. The results showed that the best cut-off point was 36.6 ng/ml with an AUC (area under the curve)=0.976, sensitivity=93.0% and specificity=90.0. In our study, the initial significant poor prognostic factors were advanced stage, high white blood cell count, high platelet count, high C-reactive protein (p<0.05 for each variable). Later, according to multivariate analysis the results showed only advanced stage as significant parameter (p=0.040). Conclusions: We determined that real use for serum fibulin-3 was not for prognosis but for diagnosis in MM. Also advanced stage was associated with poor MM prognosis.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the dental health and physical & psychological health status of the aged. The subjects were 61 old persons, women who were over 65, living at Sahagu in Pusan. The data for this study were collected by using direct interviewing method from October 22th, 2004. The data were analysed by using a computerized program named statistical package for social science including frequency, percentage, ANOVA. The results of the study were summarized as follows: 1. The dental status and the use of dental care institute 1) In status of denture use, it was found to be no denture(45.2%), full denture(35.5%), partial denture(19.4%). 2) In the questionaire of "when did you go to the dental care institute recently?", it was found to be uncertain(41.9%), less than one year(38.8%), 2~3years(16.1%), 1~2years(3.2%). 3) In the questionaire of "what type of the dental care institute did you use?", it was found to be in the dental clinic(80.6%), others(9.7%), dental hospital(6.5%), department of dentistry in general hospital(3.2%). 4) In the questionaire of "why did you select the dental care institute?", it was found to be in the nearly distance(80.6%), relative advice(16.1%), advertisement(3.2%). 5) In the questionaire of "how did you go to the dental care institute?", it was found to be walking(71.0%), bus & subway(22.6%), car(3.2%) and others(3.2%). 6) In the questionaire of "how long did it take to the dental care institute?", it was found to be 10~30min(48.4%), less than 10min(38.7%), 30min~1h(6.5%), 1~2h(3.2%), more than 2h(3.2%). 7) In the questionaire of "what kind of dental care did you take?", it was found to be denture making(45.2%), extraction of tooth, dental surgery, general exam(12.9%), caries(9.7%), denture repair(6.5%), others(3.2%). 8) In the questionaire of "how much did you pay for dental care recently?", it was found to be less than 5,000won(35.5%), 20,000~100,000won(19.4%), 1~3million won(16.1%), 5,000~20,000won, 100,000~300,000won, 500,000~1million won, more than 3million(6.5%), 300,000~500,000won(3.2%). 9) Average score of the subject's physical health status was 4.11 and psychological health status, 4.01 in a 5 point Likert scale. 10) The physical and psychological health status showed the significant differences according to the frequency of eating snack(pE0.05) and snack type(pE0.01). Above findings suggest that geriatric oral health program is necessary in improving the dental health & health status of the aged.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.391-400
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• 2015

Korea is a global steel producer and a major consumer while iron ore producing is very low compared to the demand. On the other hand, North Korea holds tremendous amount of iron reserves and, however, its producing rate is limited. Moreover, the data regarding mineral resources of North Korea is very limited and uncertain because of political isolation. This study estimated the amount of iron ore resource and production amount for the Musan Iron mine, the world-known open-pit mine of North Korea, using satellite imagery(Landsat MSS, ASTER) and digital maps between 1976 to 2007. As a result, the mining area of Musan mine was increased by $6.1km^2$ during the 30 years and the mining sector was estimated as $4.9km^2$. We estimated the iron resources and production amount of 0.7 and 0.2 billion metric tons, respectively based on 3D modeling and average iron ore density of Anshan formation in China. This amount indicates 8.1 million tons of annual average production and it coincides well with previous reports. We expect this study would be utilized significantly on inter-Korean exchange programs by providing trustable preliminary data.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.301-307
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• 2020

In recent years, a recommendation system is introduced in many different fields with the beginning of the 5G era and making a considerably prominent appearance mainly in books, movies, and music. In such a recommendation system, however, the preference degrees of users are subjective and uncertain, which means that it is difficult to provide accurate recommendation service. There should be huge amounts of learning data and more accurate estimation technologies in order to improve the performance of a recommendation system. Trying to solve this problem, this study proposed a movie recommendation system based on Fuzzy-AHP and Word2vec. The proposed system used Fuzzy-AHP to make objective predictions about user preference and Word2vec to classify scraped data. The performance of the system was assessed by measuring the accuracy of Word2vec outcomes based on grid search and comparing movie ratings predicted by the system with those by the audience. The results show that the optimal accuracy of cross validation was 91.4%, which means excellent performance. The differences in move ratings between the system and the audience were compared with the Fuzzy-AHP system, and it was superior at approximately 10%.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.729-741
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• 2015

This study examined the applicability of MBLRP (Modified Bartlett-Lewis Rectangular Pulse) rainfall generation model for an urban flood simulation which is a type of Poisson cluster rainfall generation model. This study constructed XP-SWMM model for Namgajwa area of Hongjecheon basin, which is a two-dimensional pipe network-surface flood simulation program and computed a flood discharge and a flooded area with input data of synthetic rainfall time series of 200 years that were generated by the MBLRP model. This study compared the data of flood with synthetic rainfall and flood with corresponding values which were based on design rainfall. The results showed that the flooded area computed with MBLRP model was somewhat smaller than the corresponding values on the basis of the design. A degree of underestimation was from 8% (5 year) to 34% (200 year) and the degree of underestimation increased as a return period increased. This study is meaningful in that it proposes methodology that enables quantifiability of uncertain variables which are related to a flooding through Monte Carlo analysis of urban flooding simulation and applicability and limitations thereof.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.508-521
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• 2006

The results of environmental equity analysis vary dramatically depending on different methods used. The information and data available to the researcher are also often uncertain and imprecise in empirical studies. A sensitivity analysis approach was used too handle uncertainties and methodological inconsistencies in environmental equity analysis. This paper explores the sensitivity of environmental equity analysis to two spatial measures such as proximity and scale. Two experiments were implemented to evaluate the effects of two spatial measures on the environmental equity analysis using a combination of control and experimental factors. Fulton County, Georgia was selected as a case study area for these experiments. Two major data sets including demographic characteristics and toxic release inventory (TRI) database for the study area in 1990 were integrated into a GIS environment. Two statistical analyses such as independent samples t-test and coefficient of variation were performed to determine the environmental equity in the study area and to compare the relative variability in the socioeconomic characteristics of populations over different spatial measures. The findings from two experiments indicate that the outcomes of environmental equity analysis are slightly sensitive to the buffer distance used to determine the impact zones of TRI facilities, but not to the geographic scale used in the analysis. The findings also suggest that the consequences of these choices can alter spatially and statistically the results in environmental equity analysis.