• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.486-496
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• 2016

The voltage unbalance of an LVDC bipolar distribution system was controlled for high power quality. Voltage unbalance may occur in a bipolar distribution system depending on the operation of the converter and load usage. Voltage unbalance can damage sensitive load and lead to converter accidents. The conditions that may cause voltage unbalance in a bipolar distribution system are as follows. First, three-level AC/DC converters in bipolar distribution systems can lead to voltage unbalance. Second, bipolar distribution systems can be at risk for voltage unbalance because of load usage. In this paper, the output DC link of a three-level AC/DC converter was analyzed for voltage unbalance, and the bipolar voltage was controlled with algorithms. In the case of additional voltage unbalance according to load usage, the bipolar voltage was controlled using the proposed converter. The proposed converter is a dual half-bridge converter, which was improved from the secondary circuit of a dual half-bridge converter. A control algorithm for bipolar voltage control without additional converters was proposed. The balancing control of the bipolar distribution system with distributed power was verified through experiments.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

Most of the loads in industrial power distribution systems are balanced and connected to three power systems. However, in the user power distribution systems, most of the loads are single & three phase and unbalanced, generating voltage unbalance. Voltage unbalance factor is mainly affected by load system rather than stable power system. Unbalanced voltage will draw a highly unbalanced current. As a result, the three-phase currents may differ considerably, thus resulting in an increased temperature rise in the machine. This paper presents a scheme on the characteristics of voltage and current unbalance factor under the load variation at the three phase 4-wire system. Load unbalance factor is measured by the power quality measurement apparatus and compared by the current unbalance factor. Two methods are indicated similar results. The voltage unbalance factor of the three-phase 4-wire system is approved by the field measurement. Each phase has an impedance each other by the unbalanced operation pattern and give rise to voltage unbalance.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2006

Most of the load distributions in low voltage power feeder distribution systems are designed with approximately balanced and connected at the three phase four wire systems. However, in the user power distribution systems, most of the loads are single & three phase and unbalanced, generating load unbalance. Load unbalance factor is mainly affected by the impedance of load system. Unbalanced current will draw a highly unbalanced voltage. This paper presents a new calculation method for unbalance factor under the load variation at the three phase four wire system. Load unbalance factor is measured by the power quality measurement apparatus and compared with the current unbalance factor. Two methods are indicated similar results.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.403-407
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• 2005

Most of the loads in industrial power distribution systems are balanced and connected to three power systems. However, voltage unbalance is generated at the user's 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems with single & three phase. Voltage unbalance is mainly affected by load system rather than power system. Unbalanced voltage will draws a highly unbalanced current and results in the temperature rise and the low output characteristics at the machine. It is necessary to analyse correct voltage unbalance factor for reduction of side effects in the industrial sites. Voltage unbalance is usually defined by the maximum percent deviation of voltages from their average value, by the method of symmetric components or by the expression in a more user-friendly form which requires only the three line voltage readings. If the neutral point is moved by the unbalanced load at the 3-phase 4-wire system. Line and phase voltage unbalance leads to different results due to zero-sequence component. So that it is difficult to analyse voltage unbalance factor by the conventional analytical method, This paper presents a new analytical method for phase and line voltage unbalance factor in 4-wire systems. Two methods indicate exact results.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2005

Most of the LV customer have been applied the distribution system of 3-phase four wire system because of its advantage of supplying both of 1-phase & 3-phase loads simultaneously. Due to its structural simplicity, it is more convenient for use rather than the conventional separated scheme. But uneven load distribution or unclean voltage quality has occurred various problems such as de-rating, losses increase and vibration, etc. In this paper, voltage, current and power waveform in the actual fields have measured and analyzed in relation with internationally allowable voltage unbalance limits and compared the current unbalance factor with the load unbalance factor.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.587-592
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• 2017

In the three-phase four-wire low-voltage power distribution equipment, single-phase and three-phase load have been used mainly mixed. Also linear and nonlinear loads have been used together in the same conditions. In a three-phase four-wire distribution line, the current distribution of three-phase linear load is almost constant in each phase during driving or stopping, but the single-phase load is different from each other for each phase in accordance with the operation and stop. So that the voltage unbalance is caused by the current difference of each phase. In the three-phase four-wire distribution system, non-linear load is used with linear load. The presence of single-phase nonlinear loads can produce an increase in harmonic currents in three-phase and neutral line. It can also cause voltage unbalance. In the present study, we analyzed for the voltage unbalance fluctuations by the operation pattern of the single and three-phase linear and non-linear load in three-phase four-wire low voltage distribution system.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.74-77
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• 2005

Most of the loads in industrial power distribution systems are balanced and connected to three power systems. However, voltage unbalance is generated at the user's 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems with single & three phase. Voltage unbalance is mainly affected by load system rather than power system. Unbalanced voltage will draws a highly unbalanced current and results in the temperature rise and the low output characteristics at the machine. It is necessary to analyse correct voltage unbalance factor for reduction of side effects in the industrial sites. Voltage unbalance is usually defined by the maximum percent deviation of voltages from their average value, by the method of symmetrical components or by the expression in a more user-friendly form which requires only the three line voltage readings. If the neutral point is moved at the 3-phase 4-wire system by the unbalanced load, by the conventional analytical method, line and phase voltage unbalance leads to different results due to zero-sequence component. This paper presents a new analytical method for phase and line voltage unbalance factor in 4-wire systems. Two methods indicate exact results.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2007

Hydro power supplies no pollution energy, mainly induction generator has been applied at the small capacity power station. The generating power of small hydro-electric power station connects on the 22.9kV distribution system or low voltage system in the case of three-phase four-wire supply system. There are side effects of various kinds in the 3-three phase 4-wire distribution system mixing 1-phase load and 3-phase load. This system generates the voltage unbalance by unbalanced load operating condition. They have various serious effects on generator and connection system. In this paper, we analyzed what kind of operation characteristic are happened in the induction generator by customer load variation at the 3-three phase 4-wire distribution system.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.86-93
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• 1999

대규모 배전계통 설비의 합리적인 운용과 안전성을 제고하기 위해서는 시스템의 불평형 상태를 정확하게 파악하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 전송선로와 부하의 불평을 고려한 3상 조류계산에 의하여 시스템의 불평형상태를 평가하였다. 이를 위하여, 먼저 전송선로에서는 선로정수에 상호결합과 상배치 및 연가의 영향을 고려하여 모델링하였고, 변압기는 1, 2차의 결선방식에 대하여 상호결합관계를 고려하였고 변압기 철손도 전압의 함수로 표현하여 계산하였다. 발전기모델에서는 돌극효과를 고려할 수 있도록 하였으며, 전력조류계산 알고리즘에서는 전력방정식을 상전압으로 표현하여 뉴톤-랩슨법으로 프로그램화 하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.501-508
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• 2008

렌즈나 휴대폰 부품 같은 소형 플라스틱 부품들은 일반적으로 다수 캐비티 사출금형에서 성형된다. 이러한 다수 캐비티 금형에서의 사출성형은 캐비티간의 충전 불균형이 일어날 수 있다. 이러한 충전 불균형 현상은 제품의 치수 및 중량의 편차뿐 아니라 제품의 물리적 특성에도 영향을 미친다. 충전 불균형은 무엇보다도 기하학적으로 균형 잡히지 않은 delivery system의 설계에서 기인된다. 하지만 delivery system이 기하학적으로 균형 있게 설계가 되었다 하더라도 충전 불균형 현상은 여전히 발생된다. 이러한 현상은 런너 단면에서의 온도분포에 기인하며 사출성형 공정 중 사출속도에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 본 연구에서 파악되었다. 즉 충전 불균형은 부적절한 사출 성형 공정에 의해 발생되며 성형 공정 조건 중 사출속도는 충전에 영향을 주는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 재료와 사출 속도에 따른 충전 불균형 현상을 실험과 CAE을 통하여 관찰하였다. 사출속도 변화에 따른 충전 불균형 때문에 시편의 치수 및 무게가 불균일함을 확인하였다.