• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.341-355
• /
• 2022

As a synthetic analog of codeine, tramadol is often prescribed to treat mild to moderate pains. This study was designed to estimate and compare the histological effect of tramadol on testes of both juvenile and adult male albino mice. A total number of 40 healthy male albino mice were classified into two main groups as follows: group I (juvenile group, includes 20 mice aged three weeks) subdivided equally into group Ia (control group received isotonic saline) and group Ib (tramadol-treated group received 40 mg/kg/d tramadol orally for 30 days); group II (adult group, includes 20 mice aged two months) subdivided equally into group IIa (control group received isotonic saline) and group IIb (tramadol-treated group). Juvenile and adult tramadol-treated groups showed numerous testicular changes, including blood vessels congestion, widening of intercellular spaces, vacuolization in interstitial tissues, luminal germ cells exfoliation, and increased expression of caspase-3 that indicated cellular apoptosis. In the ultrastructural examination, spermatogenic cells degenerated with the frequent appearance of apoptotic cells. Sertoli cells showed vacuolations, large lipid droplets, and disrupted intercellular cell junctions. These observed testicular changes were markedly observed in the juvenile group. Testicular abnormalities and apoptotic changes can be caused by tramadol administration. These abnormalities are more common in juvenile mice.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.91-108
• /
• 1996

The present study was designed to examine effect of short term treadmill and weight-training on aging arophy in the rat skeletal muscle. Male rats of 24 months old were used. Each groups included control, treadmill and weight-training for 4 weeks by using treadmill apparatus and body press apparatus. The histo and cytochemical, ultrastructural and stereological changes in senile skeletal muscles of the rat were observed in the present study. During the training period the body weight and muscular weight in all groups remained constant. The volume density of muscle fiber type IIC and IIB were increased, that of type IIA was decreased, but type I remained constant in treadmill-training group. In weight-training rat, the density of type IIA and IIB were increased, both those of type IIC was decreased. But, all changes of muscle fiber type is not significant. Senile control group some usual formation of mild contraction band, liposuscin pigment and muscular splitting were observed. After treadmill-training, histological and ultrastructural changes occurred in the muscle fiber, such as irregularity of the sarcolemma, interfibrillar vacuolization, longitudinal splitting, and widened I-bond. After weight-training, the changes occurred in the trained muscle fiber, such as appearances of many lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles, severe contraction band, and breakup of myofibrils. Histo and cytochemical studies showed that the activities of succinic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase remained constant, activities of $Mg^{++}$-ATPase decrease with training. Stereological changes were not observed in the volume and numerical density of all subject component, but the surface density of mitochondrial inner membrane was increased with treadmill-training. These experimental results suggested that endurance training during short-term may result in the adaptible response in senile skeletal muscles. On the other side, weight-training is bad for senile skeletal muscle.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2002

The physico-chemical properties of fresh milt of marbled sole, Limanda yokohamae, brown sole, Limanda herzensteini, starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus and olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus among flatfishes, and the fine structure of their cryopresserved spermatozoa were investigated. The highest concentration of sperm among these four species was $3.60\pm1.35\times10^{10}/mL$ in marbled sole. Osmolality and pH of seminal plasma in four flatfish species were approximately 330 mOsm/kg and 7.6-8.1, respectively. Seminal plasma compositions showed interspecific differences. The sperm heads of marbled sole, brown sole and starry flounder were ellipsoidal and that of olive flounder was round. The numbers of mitochondria of these four species were eight in marbled sole, seven in brown sole and starry flounder, and six in olive flounder. Cross-sectional view of flagellum showed typical 9+ 2 structure in all species. Most of sperms cryopreserved with a proper method had no visible ultrastructural changes after freeze-thawing, compared with the fresh sperm, but in a few cases, swelling of their heads and midpiece regions were observed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.429-433
• /
• 2000

Giardia lamblia, a human pathogen causing outbreaks of diarrhea, recently became a focus of great concerns in the fields of both medical and environmental microbioloty. To develop the experimental tools to study giardiasis, encystation, one of the major processes in its life cycle, was reconstituted by inducing an axenic culture of a flagellated form of G. lamblia into a cyst from under high concentration of bile and alkaline pH condition. The successful induction was confirmed by Northern analysis of resulting increased expression of the CWPl gene encoding the cyst wall protein 1. An examination of the encystation process with SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) revealed that the trophozoite, a flagellate with a bilateral symmetry, was transformed to a cyst form with an oval-shape and defined filamentous wall. The encystation was found to cause a disappearance of the flagella and an invagination of the adhesive disc. An extensive formation of rER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) was observed after 24h of induction, indication an active synthesis and export of proteins during this process. The vital staining of the invitro-induced systs showed that most cysts maintained their viability.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 1978

Election microscopic investigation were conducted on the mature mouse (B.W. about 25g) liver which was treated with Ginseng water extract during three, six and nine days respectivelly after carbon tetracholride injection into abdominal cavity. The results obtained were as follows: The liver cells of control group treated with carbon tetrachloride alone were restored slowly. The liver cells of experimental group treated with Ginseng water extract after carbon tetrachloride injection, however, were shown the appearance of well-developed ${\gamma}-ER$ and Golgi complex, marked aggregation of glycogen particles, and a number of large lipid droplets which are attached markedly with glycogen particles as compared to the control group. As these findings, it could be suggested that Ginseng gives an activation to restore the damaged liver cells.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.27-49
• /
• 1987

Using ³H-proline as a radioactive tracer, the relationship between the ultrastructural differentiation and the site of protein synthesis has been investigated in developing red blood corpuscles. The general ultra-structure of erythropoietic cells in differentiation after 60 minutes of in vitro labeling has confirmed the results from previous investigations by Bessis, M., Thiery, J. and others. In dividing nuclei more than two-thirds of the labeling were present at the interface between heterochromatin and euchromatin. In less differentiated cells most of the grains in interphase cells was localized over the nucleus. As the cells continued to develope beyond a stage where cytoplasmic density was clearly increased over other cell lines in bone marrow, the majority of grains localized over the cytoplasmic area was decreased in more mature cells, as judged by the density of cytoplasm, and the structural changes in mitochondria, Golgi complex and polysomal configurations. These results show; 1) that the cytoplasm of erythroblast series does not change under in vitro conditions employed in the study; 2) that protein synthesis in the nucleus occurs largely at the interface between euchromatin and heterochromatin in active nuclei; and 3) that cytoplasmic synthesis of proteins continues to take place well into the normoblast stage solong as the physically visible polysomes are present in maturing red blood corpuscles.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.55-71
• /
• 1987

To investigate the effects of lead on the electron transport system and ultrastructure of mouse kidney mitochondria, various lead acetate concentrations were treated in vitro and respiration rate, enzyme activities were measured. Ultrastructural changes at state IV respiration were also observed. To compare with in vivo experiments, mouse were injected intraperitoneally of 100 mg lead acetate per kg body weight and state IV respiration rate and enzyme activities were measured. Ultrastructure of renal proximal tubular cells were also observed. In in vitro treatement, decreased state IV respiration, decreased enzyme activities, ruptured membranes and inhibition of condensed to orthodox transformation were observed. In in vivo treatment, decreased state IV respiration and decreased enzyme activities were observed after 24 hrs of i.p. injection. Cytochrome c oxidase activity showed twice the inhibition compared to NADH-CoQ reductase activity at 24 hrs. Continuous decreased state IV respiration was observed after 48 and 72 hrs of injection, however, the enzyme activities were increased to control level. Lead-protein complex which probably inhibits the toxic effects of lead appeared. To conclude, dominant effect of lead on the electron transport system appeared at cytochrome c oxidase activity, and the increased enzyme activities may be a result of appearance of lead-protein complex.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
• /
• 2005.07a
• /
• pp.52-52
• /
• 2005

Oogenesis, the gonadosomatic index (GSI), reproductive cycle and first sexual maturation of the female Neptunea (Barbitonia) arthritica cumingii have been investigated by light and electron microscope observations. In the early vitellogenic oocyte, the Golgi complex and mitochondria were involved in the formation of glycogen, lipid droplets and yolk granules. In late vitellogenic oocytes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in the cytoplasm. In particular, compared with the results of other gastropods, it is a different result that appearances of cortical granules at the cortical layer and microvilli on the vitelline envelope, which is associated with heterosynthetic vitellogenesis, were not observed in vitellogenic oocytes during oogenesis. A mature yolk granule was composed of three components: main body (central core), superficial layer, and the limiting menbrane, Monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index in females were studied in 2002 and 2003 were closely associated with ovarian developmental phases. Spawning occurred between May and August in 2002 and 2003 and the main spawning occurred between June and July when the seawater temperature rose to approximately 18${\sim}$23${\circ}$C. The female reproductive cycle can be classified into five successive stages: early activestage (Septmber to October), late active stage ( November to February), ripe stage (February to June), partially spawned stage (May to Aygust), and recovery stage (June to August).

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.333-339
• /
• 1998

Sambutoxin, a newly purified mycotoxin in Koea, caused hemorrhage in the stomach and intestine of rats. To elucidate the mechanism of hemorrhage, effects of sambutoxin on rabbit platelet aggregation were investigated. First of all, the effects of sambutoxin on the platelet aggregation response and ATP release from platelet by various appregating factors were investigated. And then the role of $Ca^{2+}$ on the platelet aggregation was investigated by flow cytometer. Finally, morphological effect of sambutoxin on platelet ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscope. Sambutoxin inhibited aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, thrombin, and arachidonic acid and decreased platelet activating factor-induced disaggregation time in a dose dependent manner. Sambutoxin also decreased thrombin and arachidonic acid-induced ATP release, but increased all factors induced $Ca^{2+}$ release. Sambutoxin showed severe ultrastructural changes of platelet such as appearance of disorganization debri of cellular organelle in intercellular space. Our results indicate that sambutoxin inhibitis rabbit platelet aggregation, and it may be party due to the decrease of ATP release. However, it is not clear whether the antiaggregating effect of sambutoxin is related to $Ca^{2+}$ increase.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 1993

An acute fatal infectious disease in rabbits has been outbroken in Korea since 1985. This disease has been characterized as an acute hepatitis caused by viruses. However, viral pathogenesis in rabbit viral hepatitis leading to sudden death remain unclear. This report dealt with the electron microscopic findings on the spleen of experimentally infected rabbits, because spleen is one of the affected organs which have high titer of virus by a haemagglutination test. A typical crystalline array of virus was not found in the splenic cells of infected rabbits with acute hepatitis. Virus-like particles were seen within the phagosome of macrophages of the spleen. Ultrastructural changes in the spleen were severe with the lapse of time after inoculation. From these results, virus-like particles in the spleen were supposed to be phagocytosed by macrophage during viremia, while active replication of virus occurred in the liver. It was concluded that sudden death in this viral disease was caused by hepatic coma and/or circulatory disturbance.