• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권2호
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• pp.345-360
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• 2023

국내에 자기공명영상의 보급의 증가와 함께 유방 자기공명영상의 건수도 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 하지만 이에 비해 자기공명영상 유도하 조직생검술 및 침위치결정술과 같은 유방의 중재적 시술은 초음파 유도하 시술이나 입체정위생검술에 비해 많이 이루어지지 않는다. 유방 자기공명영상은 다른 유방 영상 검사들에 비해 높은 민감도를 보이는 검사법이지만 그 특이도는 제한되는 검사법이기 때문에, 자기공명영상에서만 발견된 병변들은 자기공명영상 유도하 조직생검술이나 자기공명영상 유도하 침위치결정술을 통한 수술적 절제를 통하여 병리적 진단이 이루어져야 한다. 이러한 배경을 바탕으로, 본 종설에서는 자기공명영상 유도하 유방의 중재적 시술들의 적응증, 시술 방법, 시술 과정에서의 여러 고려 사항 및 제한점들에 대해 다루고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.374-378
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• 2013

Background: Incisional pain is particularly troublesome after hysterectomy. A method called transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) has shown promise in managing postoperative pain. In this study, we evaluated the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided TAPB after hysterectomy at different time points and at each time point separately for 48 hours. Methods: Forty-two patients (ASA I, II) who were electively chosen to undergo total abdominal hysterectomy were divided into 2 groups, control (group C) and intervention (group I). Twenty-one patients underwent TAPB (group I) and 21 patients received only the standard treatment with a fentanyl pump (group C). Both groups received standard general anesthesia. For patients in group I, following the surgery and before emergence from anesthesia, 0.5 mg/kg of ropivacaine 0.2% (about 20 cc) was injected bilaterally between the internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles using sonography. Pain scores using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and drug consumption were measured at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after TAPB. Results: There were no significant differences in demographics between the two groups. VAS scores appeared to be lower in group I, although there was no interaction with time when we compared mean VAS measurements at different time points between group I and group C (P > 0.05). The amount of fentanyl flow was consistently higher in group C, but when we compared the two groups at each time point separately, the observed difference was not statistically significant (P < 0.053). The incidence of vomiting was 10% in group I and 28% in group C. There were no complaints of itching, and sedation score was 0 to 3. There were no complications. Conclusions: This study showed that TAPB did not result in a statistically significant decrease in VAS scores at different time points. TAPB did lead to decreased fentanyl flow, but when we compared the two groups at each time point separately, the observed difference was not statistically significant.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.61.1-61.12
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• 2023

Background: Percutaneous renal cyst sclerotherapy (PRCS) as a treatment for renal cysts is usually performed with a high concentration of ethanol (≥ 90%). This study reviewed cases in which a lower concentration of ethanol (83%) was used for the procedure in dogs. Methods: Records of cases of renal cysts treated by sclerotherapy using 83% ethanol in dogs were reviewed. Outcomes of the treatment were evaluated by comparing volumes of renal cysts before the procedure and the volumes after treatment, using ultrasound images with the volume reduction rates classified as follows: < 50% of initial volume (failed); ≥ 50% but < 80% of initial volume (partial success); ≥ 80% but < 95% of initial volume (great success); ≥ 95% of initial volume (complete success). Results: Out of nine dog kidneys, renal cysts sclerotherapy with 83% ethanol achieved partial success in one kidney, great success in four, and complete success in the other four. No side effect was observed. The mean of the volume-reduction rates was 90.00 ± 11.00 while the minimum and maximum reduction rates were 65% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: The lower ethanol concentration (83%) is good for disinfecting kidneys in PRCS.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the optimal insertion angle between the skin and the needle in ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization with trauma patients. Methods: From March 2012 to December 2012, consecutive trauma patients who were planned to receive IJV catheterization were prospectively enrolled. We measured the distances from the skin to IJV's anterior-posterior (AP) vessel wall on the longitudinal scan's midline in supine-positioned patients. We calculated the AP diameter of IJV and the angle between skin and the imaginary line from the puncture site to the IJV's internal center on screen's midline (defined as optimal angle which is considered as the safest approach) on the longitudinal scan. We divided the patients into 3 groups based on the CVP (low CVP <5 $cmH_2O$, $5{\leq}$ middle CVP ${\leq}10\;cmH_2O$, and high CVP>10 $cmH_2O$) and compared their mean anterior posterior (AP) diameters and optimal angles. Results: A total of 56 patients were enrolled. Of these 21 were women(35.4%). The mean AP diameter of low CVP group was significantly lower than middle and high CVP groups($0.68{\pm}0.30$, $1.06{\pm}0.31$, and $1.23{\pm}0.49$ cm respectively, p=0.003 vs. 0.002). There was no significant difference among 3 groups' mean optimal angles ($28.1{\pm}6.1$, $30.1{\pm}4.5$, and $28.0{\pm}5.0$ degree respectively). Conclusion: The optimal angle between the skin and the needle in ultrasound-guided IJV catheterization with trauma patients is not changed as about 30 degrees regardless of CVP even though IJV's diameter is altered in proportion to the CVP.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2020

목적: 초음파 유도하 요추 4번 신경근 차단술을 시행함에 있어 시술 전 자기공명영상(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) 계측의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 이 연구는 후향적 연구로 2016년 3월부터 2017년 12월까지 본원 외래에 방문한 환자 중 요추 4번 신경근의 병변이 확인되며 선정 기준에 합당한 71명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 2016년 3월부터 2017년 2월까지 MRI 계측 없이 신경근 차단술을 시행한 31명의 환자를 A군, 2017년 3월부터 2017년 12월까지 시술 전 MRI 계측을 통해 신경근 차단술을 시행한 40명의 환자를 B군으로 분류하였다. A군은 MRI 계측 없이 pararadicular 접근법을 통하여 주사를 시행하였고 B군은 시술 전 MRI로 측정한 계측치를 바탕으로 하여 초음파 유도하 주사를 시행하였다. 시술 전, 시술 3시간 후, 2주 후, 6주 후, 12주 후에 수치평가척도(numeric rating scale, NRS) 점수를 이용하여 통증 호전 정도를 판정하였다. 결과: 시술 3시간 후 양호 이상의 결과를 보인 경우는 A군에서 51.6%, B군에서 67.5%였으며 시술 2주 후 양호 이상의 결과를 보인 경우는 A군에서 48.4%, B군에서 70.0%였다. 시술 6주 후 양호 이상의 결과를 보인 경우는 A군에서 58.1%, B군에서 62.5%, 시술 12주 후 양호 이상의 결과를 보인 경우는 A군에서 67.7%, B군에서 62.5%였다. 시술 3시간 후, 2주차에 유의하게 B군이 A군보다 증상 호전에 좋은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 만족스런 통증 완화를 위해 2주차에서 6주차 사이에 A군의 경우 2.8회, B군의 경우 1.7회의 반복적인 시술이 시행되었다(p<0.05). 결론: 시술 전 MRI를 통한 계측을 먼저 시행하고 이를 참고하여 초음파 유도하 요추 4번 선택적 신경근 차단술을 시행하는 것은 환자의 시술의 성공률을 높여 시술 후 2주 이내의 초기 통증을 완화하는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2011

Background: Interventional pain management (IPM) is a branch of medical science that deals with management of painful medical conditions using specially equipped X-ray machines and anatomical landmarks. Interventional physiatry is a branch of physical medicine and rehabilitation that treats painful conditions through intervention in peripheral joints, the spine, and soft tissues. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using three years of hospital records (2006 to 2008) from the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department at Chittagong Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh, with a view toward highlighting current interventional pain practice in a tertiary medical college hospital. Result: The maximum amount of intervention was done in degenerative peripheral joint disorders (600, 46.0%), followed by inflammatory joint diseases (300, 23.0%), soft tissue rheumatism (300, 23.0%), and radicular or referred lower back conditions (100, 8.0%). Of the peripheral joints, the knee was the most common site of intervention. Motor stimulation-guided intralesional injection of methylprednisolone into the piriformis muscle was given in 10 cases of piriformis syndrome refractory to both oral medications and therapeutic exercises. Soft tissue rheumatism of unknown etiology was most common in the form of adhesive capsulitis (90, 64.3%), and is discussed separately. Epidural steroid injection was practiced for various causes of lumbar radiculopathy, with the exception of infective discitis. Conclusion: All procedures were performed using anatomical landmarks, as there were no facilities for the C-arm/diagnostic ultrasound required for accurate and safe intervention. A dedicated IPM setup should be a requirement in all PMR departments, to provide better pain management and to reduce the burden on other specialties.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2011

증식치료의 이론적 배경과 기전, 시술방법, 결과 및 합병증 등에 대하여 근거-중심의 문헌 고찰을 토대로 논의하고자 한다. 증식치료는 전통적으로 건 혹은 인대 이완으로 인한 통증을 포함한 만성적인 근-골격 계 통증의 치료법 중 하나로써 증식치료제를 주사하여 염증 반응을 유도하여 인체의 정상적인 치유 기전을 자극하는 최소 침습적 주사요법이다. 증식치료제는 크게 세가지 기전에 의하여 작용하며, 가장 흔히 사용되는 증식치료제는 10~25% 포도당이다. 최근 초음파 기기의 발달과 함께 증식치료에 있어서도 유용하게 이용되고 있어 진단 뿐 아니라 초음파 중재 하 시술을 통해 효율을 높이고 합병증을 줄일 수 있게 되었다. 가장 흔한 합병증은 주사 부위의 통증으로 대개 자기한정적이고 진통제에 잘 반응한다. 그 외 합병증은 드물며 경험이 많은 임상의에 의해 시행되었을 경우 비교적 안전한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 증식치료는 근-골격 계 통증 및 관절 이완의 치료방법으로써 최근 재조명되고 있으나, 현재까지 보고된 결과들은 아직까지는 그 적응과 효과에 대한 확실한 자료가 부족한 실정이다. 이에 향후 적응이 되는 대상의 선택을 확실히 할 수 있는 신체검진 혹은 진단 기술 등에 대한 연구 혹은 주사요법과 다른 보존적 치료와의 비교 연구 등을 통하여 증식치료에 대한 근-골격 계에 있어서의 독립적이면서 효과적인 역할에 대하여 명확히 해야 할 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7187-7193
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare sensitivities and specificities of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: Articles were screened in Medline, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Google Scholar, and subsequently included and excluded based on the patient/problem-intervention-comparison-outcome (PICO) principle. Primary outcome was defined in terms of diagnostic values (sensitivity and specificity) of FNA and CNB for thyroid cancer. Secondary outcome was defined as the accuracy of diagnosis. Compiled FNA and CNB results from the final studies selected as appropriate for meta-analysis were compared with cases for which final pathology diagnoses were available. Statistical analyses were performed for FNA and CNB for all of the selected studies together, and for individual studies using the leave-one-out approach. Results: Article selection and screening yielded five studies for meta-analysis, two of which were prospective and the other three retrospective, for a total of 1,264 patients. Pooled diagnostic sensitivities of FNA and CNB methods were 0.68 and 0.83, respectively, with specificities of 0.93 and 0.94. The areas under the summary ROC curves were 0.905 (${\pm}0.030$) for FNA and 0.745 (${\pm}0.095$) for CNB, with no significant difference between the two. No one study had greater influence than any other on the pooled estimates for diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: FNA and CNB do not differ significantly in sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of thyroid cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2019

Background: The adductor canal block (ACB) is an effective intervention for postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the ideal ACB regimen has not yet been established. We compared the analgesic effects between a continuous ACB group and fentanyl-based intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) with a single-shot ACB group. Methods: Patients who underwent TKA were randomly allocated to either a continuous ACB group (Group CACB) or IV-PCA with a single-shot ACB group (Group IVACB). Before the surgery, ultrasound guided ACB with 0.5% ropivacaine 20 cc was provided to all patients. Before skin incision, the infusion system (0.2% ropivacaine through an adductor canal catheter in group CACB vs. intravenous fentanyl in group IVACB) was connected. The postoperative pain severity; the side effects of local anesthetics and opioids; administration of rescue analgesics and anti-emetics; and sensorimotor deficits were measured. Results: Postoperative pain severity was significantly higher in the IVACB group at 30 min, 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery. The averages and standard deviations (SD) of the NRS score of postoperative pain were $0.14{\pm}0.37$, $4.57{\pm}2.37$, $6.00{\pm}1.63$, and $4.28{\pm}1.49$, respectively in the IVACB group. Rescue analgesic requirements and quadriceps muscle strength were not statistically different between the groups throughout the postoperative period. Moreover, rescue antiemetic requirements were higher in group IVACB than group CACB. Conclusions: In this study, the continuous ACB provided superior analgesia and fewer side effects without any significant motor deficit than the IV-PCA with a single-shot ACB.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2023

Objective: To present a case study of a 69-year-old woman with COVID-19 who developed neurological complications due to Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) therapy and highlight the importance of daily neurological examinations and rehabilitation in the early detection and management of ECMO-related neurological complications in an isolation ICU. Design: A case report Methods: The patient received ECMO therapy, followed by neurological monitoring and rehabilitation in an isolation ICU. Daily neurological examinations were conducted to monitor the patient's neurological symptoms. Computed tomography was performed to confirm the presence of a hematoma in the left hamstring, which was identified as the cause of the neurological complication. Ultrasound-guided aspiration was immediately performed, and sciatic neuropathy predominantly involving the peroneal division was identified after aspiration. Results: Successful recovery was made possible by the early detection of neurological complications and rehabilitation in an isolation ICU. Although electrodiagnostic tests were not performed due to limited access to the isolation ICU, the appropriate intervention time could be determined through daily neurological examinations and rehabilitation, thereby minimizing neurological sequelae. Conclusions: ECMO-related neurological complications are well known, and their recognition in the ICU can be challenging. The presented case highlights the importance of daily neurological examinations and rehabilitation in the early detection and management of ECMO-related neurological complications in an isolation ICU, which can minimize neurological sequelae.