• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2010

Purpose: The cleaning effect of protein deposit and the change of contact lens parameters by ultrasonic cleaner for eye glasses on the soft contact lenses were investigated. Methods: Etafilcon A contact lenses contaminated with protein, was ultrasonicated by ultrasonic cleaner for eye glasses and for the control group, spoiled contact lenses were cleaned by multi-purpose solution. The remaining protein deposits on the contact lenses were determined after extraction and the changes of overall diameter, base curve, center thickness power, and water contents on contact lenses were measured and surfaces of contact lenses were observed by scanning electron microscope. Results: The cleaning efficacies of multi-purpose solution on protein deposited etafilcon A contact lenses were 6.08%, and 23.73~33.92% in the group of ultrasonic cleaner for eye glasses with multi-purpose solution and 0~12.99% in the group of ultrasonic clear for contact lens with multipurpose solution depending on the treatment time. The changes of parameters and surface on contact lenses by ultrasonication were not observed. Conclusions: Ultrasonic cleaner for eye glasses can be used to eliminate protein deposits for the diagnostic soft contact lens in the office since it was effective to eliminate protein deposits and not caused change of parameters on soft contact lenses.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Ultrasonic inspection methods are widely used for detecting flaws in materials. The signal analysis step plays a crucial part in the data interpretation process. A number of signal processing methods have been proposed to classify ultrasonic flaw signals. One of the more popular methods involves the extraction of an appropriate set of features followed by the use of a neural network for the classification of the signals in the feature spare. This paper describes an alternative approach which uses the least mean square (LMS) method and exportation maximization (EM) algorithm with the model based deconvolution which is employed for classifying nondestructive evaluation (NDE) signals from steam generator tubes in a nuclear power plant. The signals due to cracks and deposits are not significantly different. These signals must be discriminated to prevent from happening a huge disaster such as contamination of water or explosion. A model based deconvolution has been described to facilitate comparison of classification results. The method uses the space alternating generalized expectation maximiBation (SAGE) algorithm ill conjunction with the Newton-Raphson method which uses the Hessian parameter resulting in fast convergence to estimate the time of flight and the distance between the tube wall and the ultrasonic sensor. Results using these schemes for the classification of ultrasonic signals from cracks and deposits within steam generator tubes are presented and showed a reasonable performances.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2021

Panax species have gained numerous attentions because of their various biological effects on cardiovascular, kidney, reproductive diseases known for a long time. Recently, advanced analytical methods including thin layer chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem ultraviolet, diode array detector, evaporative light scattering detector, and mass detector, two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, high speed counter-current chromatography, high speed centrifugal partition chromatography, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, molecularly imprinted polymer, enzyme immunoassay, 1H-NMR, and infrared spectroscopy have been used to identify and evaluate chemical constituents in Panax species. Moreover, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, acceleration solvent extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion extraction, and pulsed electric field are discussed. In this review, a total of 219 articles published from 1980 to 2018 are investigated. Panax species including P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius, sand P. ginseng in the raw and processed forms from different parts, geographical origins, and growing times are studied. Furthermore, the potential biomarkers are screened through the previous articles. It is expected that the review can provide a fundamental for further studies.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2002

Analytical method to determine rare earth elements which were extracted to organic phase by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was investigated. Organic phase which had extracted rare earth elements was directly aspirated into ICP-MS by ultrasonic nebulizer(USN) in order to reduce solvent load to the plasma. Then, the count rate increased when MIBK(methyl isobutyl ketone) was added to EtOH(ethanol) but decreased when 0.03 M HEH(2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid, $P_{507}$, PC88A) was added to solvent which mixed MIBK with EtOH. The optimal temperatures of desolvation system were -10 $^{\circ}C$ for the condenser and 150 $^{\circ}C$ for the heating tube. The optimal nebulizer flow rate which gave maximum count rate and minimum reflect power was 0.7 L/min. The optimal pH and extraction time were 4.3 and 10 min for MIBK-0.03 M HEH system. Detection limits which were obtained through calibration curves at the range of 0.2 ${\sim}$ 20 ng/mL were 0.02 ${\sim}$ 0.05 ng/mL under the optimal experimental conditions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.97-108
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of Styrax japonica pharmacopuncture on formalin induced pain in rats and to figure out efficient extraction method. Methods : The subjects were divided into 5 groups ; normal group(treated with normal saline at KI03, and injected normal saline at right hindpaw after 35 minutes), control group(treated with normal saline at KI03, and injected with formalin at right hindpaw after 35 minutes), water group(treated by hot water extraction pharmacopuncture at KI03, and injected with formalin at right hindpaw after 35 minutes), ethanol group(treated with ethanol extraction pharmacopuncture at KI03, and injected with formalin at right hindpaw after 35 minutes), and ultrasound group(treated with ultrasound extraction pharmacacupuncture and injected with fromalin formalin at right hindpaw after 35 minutes). We conducted a formalin test with ultrasonic vocalization( USV), and after the test checked for substance P, Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) concentration in the blood for each of the groups. Results : There was a significant analgesic effect of Styrax japonica pharmacopuncture in the early phase of the formalin test, and pharmacopuncture made with an ultrasound extracting method was observed to have a better analgesic effect than other extracting methods in early phases. The substance P concentration decreased significantly in the Styrax japonica pharmacopuncture treated group and no difference was found in the AST and ALT concentration of each group. Conclusion : These results demonstrated that Styrax japonica pharmacopuncture had analgesic effects in noxious nociceptors stimulation. Also pharmacopuncture made with an ultrasound extracting method had a better analgesic effect than others.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2017

Dendranthema spp are distributed in various regions in Korea. This report is the quantitative results of phenolic compounds on the 5 resources collected from all over the country. It was known that it has phenolic compounds, as an anticoagulant activities and immunoadjuvant activity of contribute to the cardiovascular effects. This was used for quantitative analysis of chlorogenic acid(CA), 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid(3,5-DCA), 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid(4,5-DCA) and linarin, with UPLC-PDA and LC-IT-TOF-MS. Extraction efficiency of compounds was compared by using ultrasonic extraction and reflux extraction with different extraction conditions (methods and time). In 50% MeOH extracs (30 mins) of Dendranthema zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvelev (SDZ), Dendranthema zawadskii var. yezoense (Maek.) Y.M.Lee & H.J.Choi (NDZ), Dendranthema zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvelev var. teuisectum (Kitag.) J. H. Pak (GDZ), Dendranthema careanum (H. $L{\acute{e}}v$. & Vaniot) Vorosch. (HDC) and Dendranthema zawadskii var. tenuisectum Kitag (PDZ), chlorogenic acid contents were 1.14‰, 6.95‰, 7.27‰, 1.47‰ and 2.64‰, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid contents were 3.30‰, 5.60‰, 10.81‰, 2.67‰ and 1.50‰, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid contents were 0.74‰, 1.93‰, 3.36‰, 0.61‰ and 0.43‰ and linarin contents were 3.90‰, 10.15‰, 0.15‰, 0.73‰ and 0.21‰, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.341-346
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• 2012

In rehabilitation where ultrasonographic diagnosis is not popular, it could be subjective by medical expert's experience. Thus, it is necessary to develop an objective automative procedure in ultrasonic image analysis. A disadvantage of existing automative analytic procedure in musculoskeletal system is to designate an incorrect muscle area when the figure of fascia is vague. In this study, we propose a new procedure to extract more accurate muscle area in abdomen ultrasonic image for that purpose. After removing unnecessary noise from input image, we apply End-in Search algorithm to enhance the contrast between fascia and muscle area. Then after extracting initial muscle area by Up-Down search, we trace the fascia area with a mask based on morphological and directional information. By this tracing of mask movements, we can emphasize the fascia area to extract more accurate muscle area in result. This new procedure is proven to be more effective than existing methods in experiment using convex ultrasound images that are used in real world rehabilitation diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1709-1715
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to examine the antioxidant activities of extracts from Mori ramulus using different extraction methods (HE, hot water extraction; EE, 50% ethanol extraction; UE, ultrasonic extraction; PE, pressured extraction). The extraction yield of PE (3.07%) was higher than that of UE (1.43%), EE (1.18%), and HE (1.07%). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of EE were 334.66 mg/g, and 35.64 mg/g, respectively. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of EE ($3,483.37{\mu}M/g$ FW) was higher than those of HE ($2,687.52{\mu}M/g$ FW), UE ($2,300.45{\mu}M/g$ FW), and PE ($2,117.62{\mu}M/g$ FW). The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of EE at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were 65.84%, and 97.52%, respectively. The superoxide radical scavenging activity of EE was 67.77~98.74% ($100{\sim}500{\mu}g/mL$) higher than those of other extracts. The ferric reducing antioxidant power and reducing power of EE were $189.00{\sim}974.80{\mu}M$, and 0.12~0.82, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of EE (23.25~67.20%) improved with an increase treatment concentration. The antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of EE were significantly higher than those of other extracts. In conclusion, we provided experimental evidence that extracts from Mori ramulus have potential as functional materials.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.116-128
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• 2021

Purpose: The extraction conditions for bioactive components from peanut shells, which is a byproduct of peanut processing, were optimized to enhance the total phenolic content (TPC, Y1), total flavonoid content (TFC, Y2), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (RSA, Y3). In addition, this study evaluated the anti-obesity effect of peanut shell extract. Methods: Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed using a response surface methodology. The independent variables applied for extraction were time (X1: 5.0-55.0), temperature (X2: 26.0-94.0), and ethanol concentration (X3: 0.0%-99.5%). Quadratic regression models were derived based on the results of 17 experimental sets, and an analysis of the variance was performed to verify its accuracy and precision of the regression equations. Results: When evaluating the effects of independent variables on responses using statistically-based optimization, the independent variable with the most significant effect on the TPC, TFC, and RSA was the ethanol concentration (p = 0.0008). The optimal extraction conditions to satisfy all three responses were 35.8 minutes, 82.7℃, and 96.0% ethanol. Under these conditions, the inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase by the extract were 86.4% and 78.5%, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, UAE showed superior extraction efficiency compared to conventional hot-water extraction in the extraction of polyphenols and bioactive materials. In addition, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory effects were identified, suggesting that peanut shells can be used as effective antioxidants and anti-obesity agents in functional foods and medicines.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.1 s.256
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Feedwater heaters of many nuclear power plants have recently experienced severe wall thinning damage, which will increase as operating time progresses. Several nuclear power plants in Korea have experienced wall thinning damage in the area around the impingement baffle - installed downstream of the high pressure turbine extraction steam line - inside number 5A and 5B feedwater heaters. At that point, the extracted steam from the high pressure turbine is two phase fluid at high temperature, high pressure, and high speed. Since it flows in reverse direction after impinging the impingement baffle, the shell wall of the number 5 high pressure feedwater heater may be affected by flow-accelerated corrosion. This paper describes the comparisons between the numerical analysis results using the FLUENT code and the down scale experimental data in an effort to determine root causes of the shell wall thinning of the high pressure feedwater heaters. The numerical analysis and experimental data were also confirmed by actual wall thickness measured by an ultrasonic test.