• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2017

Hair color is determined by kind and amount of melanin. Melanocyte mainly synthesizes melanin from L-tyrosine by stimulation of ultra violet. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in greying hair. Polygonum multiflorum radix has been reported to inhibit the aging process that black color of hair is turned into grey color. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Polygoni multiflorium radix ethanol extract (PMEE) on melanin synthesis related to black hair growth. In anti-oxidant experiment, PMEE decreased DPPH radical and increased reducing power, indicating that PMEE could eliminate ROS involved in greying hair. PMEE decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the effect of PMEE on the production of melanin was determined by DOPA assay and tyrosinase activity. PMEE increased tyrosinase activity and promoted melanin synthesis. In addition, the expression levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), as well as anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD-3) and catalase were examined using western blot analysis. The expression levels of SOD-3 and catalase were decreased due to the enhanced antioxidant activity of PMEE. In particular, PMEE increased the expression levels of tyrosinase and TRP-2. These results suggest that PMEE could promote melanin synthesis that involved in tuning gray hair into black hair.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.331-336
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• 2016

Analytical methods for methiozolin in soil, water and turfgrass were established and dissipation patterns of methiozolin in soil and turfgrass were elucidated. Analysis was done using a high performance liquid chromatography with an ultra violet detector at the wavelength of 280 nm after extraction with acetone, liquid-liquid partition with dichloromethane, and a solid phase extraction purification. Limit of determination and Limit of quantitation were 1.0, 0.5, 1.0 ng, and 0.001, 0.1, 0.01 mg/kg for water, turfgrass, and soil, respectively. Recovery rates of methiozolin from soil, water, and turfgrass were ranged 87.5~111.3, 92.8~97.4, and 78.2~98.5 %, respectively. The turfgrass and soil samples were collected at 0, 1, 4, 7, 14, 30, 45, and 60 after spray on green area in golf course. Residues of methiozlolin were not translocated to lower soil layer but detected only in turfgrasses and root area of turfgrass. Half-lives of methiozolin in turfgrass were 10.7 days and 8.8 days in soil from root area.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.355-360
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• 1997

In order to investigate the influence of photosensitized oxidation in the sun-dried irish moss (Chondrus Ocellatus), laver (Porphyra Yezoensis) and ultra violet irradiated oyster (Crassostrea gigas) the oxidation of lipid and isomers of hydroperoxides were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The lipid contents of oyster, irish moss and layer were $2.7\%,\;0.1\%,\;0.1\%$ of respectively. Peroxide value, 56,7 meq/kg in the raw oyster was increased of 100.9 meq/kg by the U.V, irradiation for 4 hours. Also the peroxide values of the irish moss and laver were increased by the sun-drying. In the identification of hydroperoxides isomers by trimethylsily (TMS) derivative of photo-oxidized lipid from oyster, irish moss and laver, the proportions of positional isomer, 9-OOH and 13-OOH were dominant than those 10-OOH and 12-OOH.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.218-226
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• 2011

Objectives: Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used ionic pesticide that is fatal when ingested accidentally or for suicidal purposes. It is thought that chronic exposure of PQ is related with the development of Parkinson's disease, but epidemiological studies have not yet confirmed that theory. This study attempted to estimate the possibility of environmental PQ exposure through soil and water. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the amount of decomposed PQ solution in wet soil after exposure to ultraviolet light. An artificial rainfall condition was simulated over soil sprayed with PQ to measure the amount of eluted PQ. In addition, PQ was diluted in water from three differently rated rivers and the changes in PQ concentration were measured after ultraviolet exposure over one month. High performance liquid chromatography/ultra violet detection was used to analyze the concentrations of PQ. Results: In the method we used, the recovery rate of PQ showed a precision rate less than 5%, an accuracy greater than 88%, and the calibration equation was y=5538.8x-440.01($R^2$=0.9985). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of PQ obtained from the three specimens over a 1-week period. From the PQ-sprayed soil, the artificial rainfall conditions showed no PQ elution over a 1-month period, and there was no significant differences in PQ concentrations according to ultraviolet exposure among the three samples. Conclusions: PQ remains well adsorbed naturally in soil. However, it may still exist in an integrated state for a long time in the hydrosphere, so the possibility of PQ exposure through drinking water cannot be disqualified.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.216-220
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• 2014

We have synthesized a $CaMgSi_2O_6:Eu^{2+}$ blue phosphor via a solid-state reaction method. The $CaMgSi_2O_6:Eu^{2+}$ phosphor has monoclinic structure with a space group of C2/c (15), and an emission band peaking at 450 nm (blue) due to the $4f^7-4f^65d$ transition of the $Eu^{2+}ion$. The emission intensity at $100^{\circ}C$ is 54% of the value at room temperature. A white LED was fabricated by integrating a UV LED (400 nm) with our blue phosphor plus two commercial green and red phosphors. The white LED shows a color temperature of 3500 K with a color rendering index of 87 (x = 0.3936, y = 0.3605), and a luminous efficiency of 18 lm/W. The white LED shows a luminance maintenance of 97% after operation at 350 mA for 400 hours at $85^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2008

Sunscreen is usually used by people when they are at the beach or outdoor swimming pools. Since the existing methods of and standards for measuring the effects of blocking ultra violet rays do not employ water resistance test methods, the establishment of a water resistance SPF test method is required. In this study, to standardize the SPF evaluation methods for a water resistant sunscreen, proposed measurement methods in this study were compared with those of foreign countries. Selected water resistance SPF experiments confirmed the product's suitability and a verification test was then conducted by establishing the variables of water resistance SPF measurement methods. In the comparative experiment on water resistance SPF given a water temperature of $23{\sim}32$ degrees centigrade showed that temperature did not have any statistically significant effect on water resistance SPF. The changing water flow also did not have any statistically significant effect on the water resistance SPF. Therefore, continuous 20 min water circulation is deemed appropriate as an alternative to the subject's usual activity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.726-732
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• 2007

We fabricated UV absorption functional $10{\sim}50nm-TiO_{2-x}/quartz$ structures layer using ALD (atomic layer deposition) method. We deposited $10nm-TiO_{2-x}$ layer on quartz substrate using ALD, and film thickness was determined by an ellipsometer. The others specimen thickness was controlled by ALD time lineally. We characterized controlling phase UV and visible optical property using an X-ray difractometer, a UV-VIS-IR spectrometer and a digital camera. $ALD-TiO_{2-x}$ layers were non-stoichiometric $TiO_{2-x}$ form and amorphous phases comparing with bulk $TiO_2$. While the conventional bulk $TiO_2$ had band gap of $3.0{\sim}3.2eV$ resulting in absorption edges at 380 nm and 415 nm, $ALD-TiO_{2-x}$ layers showed absorption edges at 197 nm and 250 nm. Therefore, our nano-thick $ALD-TiO_{2-x}$ was able to absorb shorter UV region and showed excellent transmittance in visible region. Our result implies that our newly proposed nano-thick $TiO_{2-x}$ using ALD process may improve transmittance in visible rays and be able to absorb shorter UV light effectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.31-35
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• 2003

폴리카보네이트는 내열성과 투명성이 우수한데 비해 내후성이 좋지 않아 황변 및 물성이 저하되고, 내찰상성이 약하여 긁히기 쉬운데다 이물질에 의해 오염되기 쉬워 투명성이 저하되는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 극복하고, 사용하는 용도에 따라 요구되는 다양한 기능성을 부여하기 위하여 폴리카보네이트 표면에 기능성층을 형성시킴으로써 그 목적을 달성하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 이온 주입기술을 이용하여, 폴리카보네이트 표면의 전기전도도 특성을 향상시키고, 피부암 및 백내장 등을 유발하는 유해한 자외선 (UV-A, UV-B)을 차단하려 한다. 표면전기전도도의 향상은 이물질로부터 오염되는 정도를 낮추며, 정전기를 방지할 수 있다. PC(Polycarbonate) 표면에 $N^+,\;Ar^+,\;Kr^+,\;Xe^+$ 이온을 에너지 20keV에서 50keV을 사용하여, 주입량 $5{\times}10^{15}\;{\sim}\7{\times}10^{16}\cm^2$ 로 조사하였다. 이온 주입된 PC의 표면을 두 접점 방법의 표면 저항 측정으로 표면전기전도도 특성을 알아보았고, 자외선차단 특성은 UV-Vis 로 분석하였다. 이들 전기적 광학적 특성간의 상관관계를 관찰하고, 이러한 특성을 나타내는 화학적 기능그룹들의 변화를 보기 위해 FTIR 분석법으로 관찰하였다. 이온조사량의 증가에 따라 표면저항은 $10^7{\Omega}/sq$까지 감소하여 표면전기특성을 증가시키며, 자외선 차단 특성은 UV-A를 95%까지 차단하여 인체에 유해한 자외선 차단에 유용함을 확인하였다. 이러한 특성은 PC 표면에 카본 네트워크 형성과 $\pi$전자들의 운동량을 증가시키는 구조로 고분자 사슬들의 결합구조 변형에 의한 것으로 생각된다.블을 가지고 파서를 설계하였다. 파서의 출력으로 AST가 생성되면 번역기는 AST를 탐색하면서 의미적으로 동등한 MSIL 코드를 생성하도록 시스템을 컴파일러 기법을 이용하여 모듈별로 구성하였다.적용하였다.n rate compared with conventional face recognition algorithms. 아니라 실내에서도 발생하고 있었다. 정량한 8개 화합물 각각과 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 스피어만 상관계수는 벤젠을 제외하고는 모두 유의하였다. 이중 톨루엔과 크실렌은 총 휘발성 유기화합물과 좋은 상관성 (톨루엔 0.76, 크실렌, 0.87)을 나타내었다. 이 연구는 톨루엔과 크실렌이 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 좋은 지표를 사용될 있고, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 크실렌 등 많은 휘발성 유기화합물의 발생원은 실외뿐 아니라 실내에도 있음을 나타내고 있다.>10)의 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 얻었다. 결론: $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$ 핵반응을 이용하여 친전자성 방사성동위원소 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 생산하였다. 표적 챔버는 알루미늄으로 제작하였으며 본 연구에서 연구된 $[^{18}F]F_2$가스는 친핵성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소를 도입하기 어려운 다양한 방사성의 약품개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.었으나 움직임 보정 후 영상을 이용하여 비교한 경우, 결합능 변화가 선조체 영역에서 국한되어 나타나며 그 유의성이 움직임 보정 전에 비하여 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 뇌활성화 과제 수행시에 동반되는 피험자의 머리 움직임에 의하여 도파민 유리가 과대평가되었으며 이는 이 연구에서 제안한 영상정합을 이용한 움직임 보정기법에 의해서 개선되었다. 답이 없는 문제, 문제 만들기, 일반화가 가능한 문제 등으

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 1986

The studies were performed to investigate the optimum conditions for tannic processing of silk by use Chinese Gallotannin and synthesized tannic acid, which are aimed at weighting, dyeing and physical properties of tannin treated silk. 1. It was reasonable that the concentration of tannin solution is 30 grams per liter of Chinese Gallotannin, 15 grams per liter of tannic acid for the efficient weighting of processed silk. The temperature and time for tannin treatment was optimum at 80$^{\circ}C$, 60 minutes and the acidity of tannin solution at pH 2 to 3. 2. In dyeing the tannintreated silk by Acid dye Orange II, the temperature and time was reasonable at 60$^{\circ}C$, 90 minutes to control the desorption of tannin components weighted onto silk. 3. The colour differences ($\Delta$E) of dyed silk fabric by soaping could be remarkably narrowed by tannin treatment, resulting in improving the washing fastness of tannin treated silk by two grades more than that of untreated one. 4. The light fastness of tannin treated silk could be drastically improved by reducing the dye-loss of dyed silk fabric which was coused from the Ultra-violet ray irrdiation. 5. The rubbing fastness and water repellency of tannin treated silk was at the same level with that of untreated one. However, the Drape coefficient of tannin treated silk was decreased more than that of untreated one, which is closely related with fabric softness and dressing appearence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.290-295
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• 2017

Objectives: Dental plaque emits red fluorescence under a visible blue light near the ultra-violet end of the light spectrum. The fluorescence characteristics of each microorganism have been reported in several studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in red fluorescence of oral microorganisms that is affected by blood in the culture media. Methods: The gram-positive Actinomyces naeslundii (AN, KCTC 5525) and Lactobacillus casei (LC, KCTC 3109) and gram negative Prevotella intermedia (PI, KCTC 3692) that are known to emit red fluorescence were used in this study. Each bacterium was activated in broth and cultivated in different agar media at $37^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Tryptic soy agar with hemin and vitamin $K_3$ (TSA), TSA with sheep blood (TSAB), basal medium mucin (BMM) medium, and BMM with sheep blood (BMMB) were used in this study. Fluorescence due to bacterial growth was observed under 405-nm wavelength blue light using the quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) device. The red, green, and blue fluorescence values of colonies were obtained using image-analysis software and the red to green ratio (R/G value) and red to total RGB ratio (R/RGB value) were calculated for quantitative comparison. Results: The QLF-D images of the AN, LC, and PI colonies showed red fluorescence in all media, but the fluorescence of all bacteria was reduced in TSA and BMM media, compared with in TSAB and BMMB media. Both the R/G and the R/RGB values of all bacteria were significantly reduced in growth media without blood (P<0.001). Conclusions: Based on this in vitro study, it can be concluded that red fluorescence of oral bacteria can be affected by growth components, especially blood. Blood-containing medium could be a significant factor influencing red fluorescence of oral bacteria. It can be further hypothesized that bleeding in the oral cavity can increase the red fluorescence of dental plaque.