• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2020

This paper studies the influence of silica fume and Processed Quarry Fines (PQF) on the flexural behaviour of the reinforced concrete beams by experimental as well as numerical studies. The study has been shown that the incorporation of PQF can significantly increase the stiffness and the flexural strength of reinforced HPC beams. Also, the ultimate strength of specimens prepared with the 10% silica fume and 100% PQF are higher compared to conventional reinforced concrete specimen. Numerical analysis is performed to find the ultimate strength of HPC beams to compare with experimental results. Nonlinear behaviour of steel reinforcing bars and plain concrete is simulated using appropriate constitutive models and experimental results. The results indicate that the ultimate strength, deformed shape and crack patterns of reinforced HPC beams obtained through the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) are confirming with the experimental results.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2015

Through the recent accident, the checking of ultimate hull girder capacity for container ship should be needed. Smith’s method is well known as the only simplified method to access rapidly for ultimate hull girder capacity except very expensive nonlinear F.E approach. This simplified method, however, is admitted to apply only to bulker and tanker in accordance with Classification Rules up to now. The targets of this study are to verify effectiveness of the simplified method for container ship’s ultimate hull girder strength and to propose the safety factor considering the local bending in double bottom structures due to out of plane loads through the nonlinear F.E analyses. Two different sized ships and three loading conditions which are pure bending, homo-loading and one-bay empty condition were used for this study. Based on the F.E results, the present study showed that CSR’s simplified method is available for the ultimate hull girder strength of container ship and over 1.2 of safety factor should be applied to consider the local bending effect in double bottom structures due to out of plane loads such as sea pressure an cargo.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.583-594
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• 2018

Although a lot of experimental and analytical investigations have been carried out for steel bridge piers made of SS400 and SM490, the formulas available for SS400 and SM490 are not suitable for evaluating ultimate load and deformation capacities of steel bridge piers made of high strength steel (HSS) SM570. The effect of various parameters is investigated in this paper, including plate width-to-thickness ratio, column slenderness ratio and axial compression force ratio, on the ultimate load and deformation capacities of steel bridge box piers made of SM570 steel subjected to cyclic loading. The elasto-plastic behavior of the steel bridge piers under cyclic loads is simulated through plastic large deformation finite element analysis, in which a modified two-surface model (M2SM) including cyclic hardening is employed to trace the material nonlinearity. An extensive parametric study is conducted to study the influences of structural parameters on the ultimate load and deformation capacities. Based on these analytical investigations, new formulas for predicting ultimate load and deformation capacities of steel bridge piers made of SM570 are proposed. This study extends the ultimate load and deformation capacities evaluation of steel bridge piers from SS400, SM490 steels to SM570 steel, and provides some useful suggestions.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.473-483
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• 2017

Comprehensive consideration regarding influence mechanisms of initial imperfections on ultimate strength of spherical shells is taken to satisfy requirement of deep-sea structural design. The feasibility of innovative numerical procedure that combines welding simulation and non-linear buckling analysis is verified by a good agreement to experimental and theoretical results. Spherical shells with a series of wall thicknesses to radius ratios are studied. Residual stress and deformations from welding process are investigated separately. Variant influence mechanisms are discovered. Residual stress is demonstrated to be influential to stress field and buckling behavior but not to the ultimate strength. Deformations are proved to have a significant impact on ultimate strength. When central angles are less than critical value, concave magnitudes reduce ultimate strengths linearly. However, deformations with central angles above critical value are of much greater harm. Less imperfection susceptibility is found in spherical shells with larger wall thicknesses to radius ratios.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.337-357
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• 2022

The objective of this study is to present a data-driven machine learning (ML) framework for predicting ultimate shear strength and failure modes of reinforced concrete ledge beams. Experimental tests were collected on these beams with different loading, geometric and material properties. The database was analyzed using different ML algorithms including decision trees, discriminant analysis, support vector machine, logistic regression, nearest neighbors, naïve bayes, ensemble and artificial neural networks to identify the governing and critical parameters of reinforced concrete ledge beams. The results showed that ML framework can effectively identify the failure mode of these beams either web shear failure, flexural failure or ledge failure. ML framework can also derive equations for predicting the ultimate shear strength for each failure mode. A comparison of the ultimate shear strength of ledge failure was conducted between the experimental results and the results from the proposed equations and the design equations used by international codes. These comparisons indicated that the proposed ML equations predict the ultimate shear strength of reinforced concrete ledge beams better than the design equations of AASHTO LRFD-2020 or PCI-2020.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1997

Simple and efficient way of nonlinear analysis considering elasto-plastic large deformation is introduced to calculate the strength of ring-stiffened cylinears subject to combined load of axial compression and lateral pressure. Parametric study gives various collapse modes according to the combination ratio of axial compression and lateral pressure, interaction between axial compression and lateral pressure and imperfection sensitivity of ultimate strength.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1992년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.23-28
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• 1992

The ultimate capacity of end-plate connection is investigated through nonlinear finite element analysis. The example models are divided into stiffened case and unstiffened one. The refined finite element models are analyzed by utilizing a general purpose structural analysis computer program ADINA and the moment-rotation relationships of the connection are determined. The results are compared with the regression equation deduced by Krishnamurthy. It is planned to deduce a bilinear regression equation through a parametric study on various dimensions of the connection.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.269-272
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• 2006

The anchorage zone of prestressed concrete members is a critical region where a large concentrated force due to prestressing by tendons is introduced. In this study, the ACI, AASHTO LRFD, CEB-FIP design criteria and the nonlinear strut-tie model approach are applied to the ultimate strength analysis of simple anchorage zones of 18 post-tensioned concrete members tested to failure. From the result of ultimate strength analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared and discussed.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.465-475
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• 2010

곡선교량시스템에서 거더는 편심하중이 없어도 교량이 가지는 곡률 자체로 인하여 휨 및 비틀림 거동을 하게 된다. 휨과 비틀림을 동시에 받는 강/콘크리트 합성 박스거더는 St. Venant 비틀림에 의해 콘크리트 바닥판에 발생하는 사인장 응력에 의해 그 극한강도가 제한된다. 합성 박스거더의 극한강도를 얻기 위하여 유한요소해석 패키지 프로그램 ABAQUS을 이용하여 재료 및 기하 비선형성뿐 아니라 콘크리트 균열후 거동 등이 고려된 비선형해석을 수행하였다. 또한 구조해석 이론에 근거한 해석적 방법론으로 합성 박스거더의 휨과 비틀림에 대한 극한강도 상호 작용이 고려된 수식을 유도하여 수치해석 결과와 비교하였다. 휨 거동에 의해 정모멘트 구간 박스거더 상부에 발생하는 종방향 압축응력은 바닥판 콘크리트의 전단강도를 일정부분 향상시켜 결과적으로 전체 박스거더의 비틀림강도가 향상되는 효과가 확인되었다. 유한요소해석 및 구조해석 이론 전개의 결과에 근거하여 강합성 박스거더의 극한강도 상호작용을 예측하는 간편한 형태의 수식이 제안되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.357-380
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• 2015

In this study, a simple indeterminate strut-tie model which reflects complicated characteristics of the ultimate structural behavior of continuous reinforced concrete deep beams was proposed. In addition, the load distribution ratio, defined as the fraction of applied load transferred by a vertical tie of truss load transfer mechanism, was proposed to help structural designers perform the analysis and design of continuous reinforced concrete deep beams by using the strut-tie model approaches of current design codes. In the determination of the load distribution ratio, a concept of balanced shear reinforcement ratio requiring a simultaneous failure of inclined concrete strut and vertical steel tie was introduced to ensure the ductile shear failure of reinforced concrete deep beams, and the primary design variables including the shear span-to-effective depth ratio, flexural reinforcement ratio, and compressive strength of concrete were reflected upon. To verify the appropriateness of the present study, the ultimate strength of 58 continuous reinforced concrete deep beams tested to shear failure was evaluated by the ACI 318M-11's strut-tie model approach associated with the presented indeterminate strut-tie model and load distribution ratio. The ultimate strength of the continuous deep beams was also estimated by the experimental shear equations, conventional design codes that were based on experimental and theoretical shear strength models, and current strut-tie model design codes. The validity of the proposed strut-tie model and load distribution ratio was examined through the comparison of the strength analysis results classified according to the primary design variables. The present study associated with the indeterminate strut-tie model and load distribution ratio evaluated the ultimate strength of the continuous deep beams fairly well compared with those by other approaches. In addition, the present approach reflected the effects of the primary design variables on the ultimate strength of the continuous deep beams consistently and reasonably. The present study may provide an opportunity to help structural designers conduct the rational and practical strut-tie model design of continuous deep beams.