• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.153-171
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• 2019

Competition among cities has become fierce with decentralization and globalization, and each city tries to establish a brand image of the city to build its competitiveness and implement its policies based on it. At this time, surveys, expert interviews, etc. are commonly used to establish city brands. These methods are difficult to establish as sampling methods an empirical component, the biggest component of a city brand. In this paper, therefore, based on the precedent research's urban brand measurement and components, the words representing each city image property were extracted and relocated to five indicators to form the evaluation index. The constructed indicators have been validated through the review of three experts. Through the index, we analyzed the brands of four cities, Ulsan, Incheon, Yeosu, and Gyeongju, and identified the factors by using Topic Modeling and Word Cloud. This methodology is expected to reduce costs and monitor timely in identifying and analyzing urban brand images in the future.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2004

This study was designed to assess the iron nutritional status and anemia of middle school girls in Ulsan City, who were evaluated with a questionnaire, measurement of hematological indices. The average height and weight of respondents were 154.81$\pm$6.28cm and 48.51$\pm$8.80kg, respectively. Mean daily energy intake was 1815.72$\pm$328.04kcal and iron intake was 15.13$\pm$4.50mg. The average hemoglobin concentration of subjects was 11.98$\pm$0.78g/dl, and the average hematocrit level was 36.62$\pm$2.21%. Transferrin saturationTS (%) was 25.58$\pm$9.82%, and the ferritin level was 40.45$\pm$23.03ng/ml. Iron deficiency anemia among the subjects was estimated as 54.2% by using hemoglobin(<12g/이), 33.9% by hematocrit (<36%). The clinical symptoms relating anemia were measured with 4 Likert scale (1 : never, 4 : often), 'tired out easily (2.34$\pm$0.92)' was the highest, followed by 'feel dizzy always (2.26$\pm$0.85)', 'decreasing ability to concentrate (2.23$\pm$0.77)', 'get a cold easily (2.19$\pm$0.82)', 'have a headache (2.10$\pm$0.79)', 'poor memory (2.09$\pm$0.83)', 'no appetite (1.99$\pm$0.85)', As for the correlation between iron parameter and clinical symptoms related to anemia, the hematocrit rate was negatively correlated with 'get a cold easily', 'pale face', 'feeling blue', 'difficult digestion' (p<0.05). The level of iron was negatively correlated with 'tired out easily', 'get a cold easily' (p<0.05) and TS (%) were negatively correlated with 'tired out easily (p<0.05)', 'get a cold easily (p<0.01). Our study resulted that the prevalence of a iron deficiency of a middle school girl is very high, therefore the guidelines for iron supplementation and nutritional education to improve their iron status should be provided.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.34-40
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• 1994

Industrial Complex in Ulsan is one of the most important areas in the nation. It includes ship building, automobile production, petroleum industry, non-metalic industry, and related industries. However, water for drinking and industry use has been and will be short seriously. Thus available drinking water sources were searched. By rebuilding the two existing dams 20m higher than the present levels, $500,000m^3/day$(for 200days) of water sources may be produced. Additional volume of $13,000m^3/day$(for 200days) can be obtained by a number of small dam construction in the vincity area. Underground water of about $50,000m^3/day$ may also be available. The total of $680,000m^3/day$ could be produced in Ulsan area, which is enough for the population of 1,200,000 in Ulsan area even after year 2011. This newly searched volume of water may be free from pollution. Raising the dam levels may also prevent Ulsan city from chronic flooding problems. Additional advantage is that as much as the newly developed water resources can be supplied to the industrial complexes.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to find out the association between dual-use of the electronic cigarette (EC) and conventional cigarette (CC) and depression among undergraduate students. Methods: The participants of this study were 225 undergraduate students who were attending two universities located in Ulsan metropolitan city. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were conducted to analyze the data. Results: Nicotine dependence and depression were significantly higher in the dual-use group than in the single-use group. Dual-use of the EC and CC was significantly associated with depression among undergraduate students. In addition, quality of sleep was significantly associated with depression among undergraduate students. Conclusion: In order to prevent depression among undergraduate students, it is necessary to improve the awareness of the danger of dual use of the EC and CC.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.18-40
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• 2008

Measurements of health related quality of life can be used to compare patients with specific conditions to average individuals in the general population in a similar age and gender group. However there are few data available regarding health related quality of life for the general population of Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the validity of the Korean version of EQ-5D and to measure the health related quality of life of the general adult population in a metropolitan city. The survey was cross-sectional and employed a stratified and multistage sampling design through 100 examination sites in 5 districts of UIsan. A total of 12,644 individuals from 4,112 households participated in the survey. Of these, we analyzed data from 8,068 adults who were over 19 years old and completed the EQ-5D. To examine the validity of the questionnaire, the differences in 5 dimensions and the $EQ-5D_{index}$ were analyzed with regard to demographic and socioeconomic factors such as sex, age, income, and education. In addition, visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to evaluate the overall health related quality of life issues of the respondents. The level of health related quality of life of the general adult population was then compared with the results from the third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and other countries. There were a small number of people with problems related tomobility, self-care, and usual activity. In addition, many people complained ofpain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. The complaint rate in each dimension, VAS, and $EQ-5D_{index}$ indicated relatively better states for males, the younger group, the higher income group, and the higher education group. In addition, the level of health related quality of life of the general population of Ulsan was relatively higher than that of Koreans nationwide as well as the populations of other countries. EQ-SD provided a valid measure of the health-related quality of life of the general adult population. In addition, the results of a survey of Ulsan revealed that the quality of life of its population is better than that of the overall population of Korea and of the populations of other countries.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 1996

The samples for testing have been collected from Kangdong-myon, Nongso-myon, Beomseo-my on, and Cheongryang-myon in Ulju-Ku, Ulsan-city from July 1994 to March 1995 in order to grasp status of trace metals contained in some rice, soybean and soils, and to provide references in establishing their standard 96 collected samples(48 for cereals and 48 for soils) have been tested to measure levels of Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn through methods of trace metal containing analysis and heavy metal analysis. moisture content was also analyzed. And at the same time 0.1N-HCl soluble heavy metal content of soil was measured. The average Hg containing level of samples is 0.006 ppm for cereal and 0.062 ppm for soil, Pb is 0.302 ppm for cereal and 1.137 ppm for soil, Cd is 0.012 ppm for cereal and 0.027 ppm for soil, Cu is 2.01 ppm for cereal and 0.885 ppm for soil, and Zn is 7.853 ppm for cereal and 2.366 ppm for soil.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1073-1080
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• 2017

Manufacturing and technology industries produce large amounts of air pollutants. Ulsan Metropolitan City, South Korea, is well-known for its large industrial complexes; in particular, the concentration of $SO_2$ here is the highest in the country. We assessed $SO_2$ monitoring sites based on conditional and joint entropy, because this is a common method for determining an optimal air monitoring network. Monthly $SO_2$ concentrations from 12 air monitoring sites were collected, and the distribution of spatial locations was determined by kriging. Mean absolute error, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), bias and correlation coefficients were employed to evaluate the considered algorithms. An optimal air monitoring network for Ulsan was suggested based on the improvement of RMSE.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate turnover intention of dental hygienist who were employed at the private dental clinic in Ulsan, Korea. Methods: The data obtained from 100 dental hygienists during 1 month. The survey was performed by a face-la-face interview questionnaire consisting of 19 items and the 5 point Likert type response format. The respondents were 77 from dental hygienists. The adjusted response rate was 80.2%(77/96). Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, independent t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square and correlation. All statistical analyzed were conducted using Statistical Package for SPSS 11.5. Results: There was experiences of turnover the longer the professional career, the higher income, married personnel. Turnover intention was a statistically correlated with income. Conclusions: The findings suggest that dental hygienists who remain in the workforce are positively influenced mainly by self-development. Employer of dental hygienists should be aware of these factors in employing process.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2012

This study compared indoor air quality of homes in which elementary school children with and without (case and control) allergic rhinitis live in the Ulsan metropolitan region (UMR). A total of 58 homes (case and control: 29, respectively; children aged 7 to 12 years) was selected for indoor air quality measurements. The concentrations of all general indoor air pollutants, except $PM_{2.5}$, in the case group were much higher than those in the control group. In particular, the average concentrations of $O_3$ and $NO_2$ in the case group were statistically significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the control group. Average concentrations of $CO_2$ in the case and control groups and $NO_2$ in the case group exceeded the standard level. Some components of aldehydes and ketones and VOCs indicated large difference of average concentrations between two groups, but there were no statistically significant differences.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.447-465
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to assess the sustainability in 45 cities of all over Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk using weights and assessment system developed in leading research. The materials of assessment used statistical data and spatial data were standardized for the systematic result. The assessment score was established using the normal distribution from 25 to 125 for removal of the very smallest and maximum value. According to the results, Tongyeong was assessed the highest by 82.5 score in environmental sustainability index. In economical sustainability index, Pohang, Gumi, Changwon, Yangsan were more than 79 score but Busan, Daegu, Andong were less than 70 score. Ulsan, Geoje, Yangsan were assessed higher in society-institutional sustainability index and Jinju, Munkyeong, Changnyeong were showed higher than other cities by more 79 score in quality of life(QOL)'s sustainability index. In case of integrated sustainability index, Jinju that was the highest sustainability in QOL was assessed by first city. However, Ulsan was assessed the lowest city among others. Therefore cities which have high sustainability will prepare a politic investment program for maintaining current conditions. Cities which have low sustainability will grasp closely the environmental characteristics of urban and present the improvement direction through monitoring continuously. Overall, these results can be used as tools to assess the current cities and predict the future one. It is also necessary to establish a systematic urban planning for livable and sustainable city.