• Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.777-784
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• 2018

Since climate change increases the risk of extreme rainfall events, concerns on flood management have also increased. In order to rapidly recover from flood damages and prevent secondary damages, fast collection and treatment of flood debris are necessary. Therefore, a quick and precise estimation of flood debris generation is a crucial procedure in disaster management. Despite the importance of debris estimation, methodologies have not been well established. Given the intrinsic heterogeneity of flood debris from local conditions, a regional-scale model can increase the accuracy of the estimation. The objectives of this study are 1) to identify significant damage variables to predict the flood debris generation, 2) to ascertain the difference in the coefficients, and 3) to evaluate the accuracy of the debris estimation model. The scope of this work is flood events in Ulsan city region during 2008-2016. According to the correlation test and multicollinearity test, the number of damaged buildings, area of damaged cropland, and length of damaged roads were derived as significant parameters. Key parameters seems to be strongly dependent on regional conditions and not only selected parameters but also coefficients in this study were different from those in previous studies. The debris estimation in this study has better accuracy than previous models in nationwide scale. It can be said that the development of a regional-scale flood debris estimation model will enhance the accuracy of the prediction.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-82
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• 2004

The study aimed to evaluate cancer damage cost due to risk from benzene inhalation. We performed health risk assessment based on US EPA guideline to estimate annual population risk in Ulsan metropolitan city. Also, we estimated a willingness-to-pay amount for reducing a cancer mortality rate to evaluate a value of statistical life. We combined the annual population risk and the value of statistical life to calculate the cancer damage cost. In the health risk assessment, we applied the benzene unit risk ($2.2{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}7.8{\times}10^{-6}$) in the US EPA'S Integrated Risk Information System to assess the annual population risk. Average concentration of benzene in ambient air is $7.88{\mu}g/m^3$(min: 1.16~max: $23.32{\mu}g/m^3$). We targeted an exposure population of 516,641 persons who aged over 30 years old. Using a Monte-Carlo simulation for uncertainty analysis, we evaluated that the population risk of benzene during ten years in Ulsan city is 2.90 persons (5 percentile: 0.32~95 percentile: 9.11persons). And the monthly average WTP for 5/1,000 cancer mortality reduction during ten years is 14,852 Won(95% C.I: 13,135~16,794 Won) and the implied VSL is 36 million Won(95% C.I: 30~40 million Won). Cancer damage cost due to risk from benzene inhalation during 10 years in Ulsan city is about 104 million Won(5 percentile: 13~95 percentile: 328 million Won). Health benefit cost to reduce a cancer mortality risk of benzene is about 50 million Won is Ulsan metropolitann city. But, it is very important that this cost is not for all health damage cost of cancer mortality in some area. We just recommended a model for evaluating a cancer risk reduction, so we must re-evaluate an integrated application of total VOCs damage cost including benzene.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.780-788
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• 2013

This study attempted to determine important meteorological parameters related to airborne pollen concentrations in urban areas. Hourly pollen measurement data were prepared from a regular sampling with a volumetric Burkard spore trap at a site in the Ulsan city, during the spring season (March~May) of 2011. Results showed that the daily mean and maximum concentrations for total pollen counts during the spring season were statistically significantly correlated with both air temperature and wind speed; daily mean pollen concentration was the most highly related to daily maximum temperature (r=0.567, p<0.001). It was also identified that pollen concentration has a stronger relationship with wind speed at the rural site than at the urban one, which confirms that strong wind conditions over the pollen sources area can be favorable for pollen dispersal, resulting in increases in airborne pollen concentrations downwind. From the results of an oak-pollen episode analysis, it was found that there was a significant relationship between hourly variation of oak pollen concentrations and dynamic meteorological factors, such as wind and mixing height (representing the boundary layer depth); especially, a strong southwestern wind and elevated mixing height was associated with high nocturnal concentrations of oak pollen. This study suggests that temperature, wind, and mixing height can be important considerations in explaining the pollen concentration variations. Additional examination of complex interactions of multiple meteorological parameters affecting pollen behavior should be carried out in order to better understand and predict the temporal and spatial pollen distribution in urban areas.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.388-403
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• 2016

On July 5, 2016, offshore magnitude 5.0 earthquake, Ulsan, Republic of Korea can anxiety not safe in the earthquake. The gas smell that occurred in Busan on July 20, 2016 did not understand a cause and spread by the ghost story for the earthquake to a citizen. Thus correct information about the disaster is important to the smart city and the quick correspondence for damage inhabitants and the community has an influence on the disaster resilience. This study is targeted for damage inhabitants, and it clarifies the importance of the evocation model of anxiety about the disaster in the smart city with social technology. In the case of the Great East Japan Earthquake, consider the self-help contents of Kamaishi-city inhabitants deeply and find out a proper application method. As a means of disaster response and recovery, suggest that the inhabitants and community will be able to practice self-help measures.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.207-215
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• 2017

The northern extension of the Dongrae Fault is inferred to transect the Ulsan Fault in the Gueo-ri area, Oedong-eup, ~15 km SE of Gyeongju City, Gyeongbuk province, S Korea. We conducted geological and geophysical (magnetic, electrical resistivity, and frequency domain electromagnetic) surveys to identify the extent and orientation of the Dongrae Fault in this region. Through joint interpretation of the geological and geophysical data sets, we confirm the presence of the Dongrae Fault and determine its strike ($N14^{\circ}E$). The Dongrae Fault is thought to cross the Ulsan Fault near Ipsil Bridge in the Gwangeo-ri area. Geophysical surveying revealed a fault damage zone that widens to the south, with a typical width of >200 m. Geological field surveys did not delineate the geometry of the Dongrae Fault because alluvial deposits overlie the fault in this area.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.191-201
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• 2007

Dismissing incompetent public servants started from Ulsan City is spreading to the nation. As part of comprehensive administrative reform in provincial and municipal authorities, such movement is strong to kick out those who are not qualified and incompetent as public servants. It is because citizens have high hope for the change of public officers. Firing incompetent workers started from Ulsan city government was spread to Seoul City government and to the central government. However, other concerning views over kicking out incompetent public workers are very strongly raised. Accordingly, this study examines various opinions and does institutional, legal, and theoretical reviews on the dismissal system of incompetent workers that is widely spread. It examines social significance and problems over the system and suggests its improvements and directions of innovation toward administrative reform.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.11 no.2 s.30
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• pp.57-74
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• 2002

This study aims at examining the change of the urban space of the original Masan Area during the Japanese-forced colonial era of Korea(1910-1945) after circa 1912. That year is very important because the modern map of land was introduced. The land area of the original Masan was about $17,000m^2$ composed of small houses and shops. Colonial era could be divided into 3 periods according to the change of colonial policies. And the change of the urban space is examined according to these 3 periods. During the 1st period(1911-1920) the following 3 development occurred. 1. Land was reclaimed along the coast line by a Japanese civilian named 'Bakgan'. And his ownership of land continued until 1945. 2. A government ware house(Cho-Chang), which was the symbol of Masan harbor, was demolished and the land was divided into small lots. 3. Main artery and trunk roads(14-15m wide) were built replacing 2-3m wide narrow roads and connected to the reclamation land. During the 2nd period(1921-1930), also land reclamation and road making was more frequently carried out. And the infrastructure of the city was developed gradually. Also public buildings began to be built. Modern roads were constructed city-wide not only in the center of the city. In the 3rd period reclamation was at its peak. Especially Sinpo-Dong area located at the middle of New and original parts of Masan was reclaimed connecting 2 parts and making of a central Masan. During that time original Masan was enlarged because of reclamation. The coast line of Masan became straight from e original organic shape. Roads were constructed in the outskirts also. The size of land lots were more or less the same during the colonial era. But gradually lots were divided into smaller lots. Japanese entrepreneurs gradually occupied the central area of the original Masan until the liberation day. But Chinese ownership of land gradually diminished.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.61-75
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• 2010

Daily living area can be delimited differently depending on what area is to be focused. Based on regional interaction, the present study empirically analyzed the difference between living areas focusing on rural area and ones relying on urban area. We established two types of living areas in Busan-Ulsan mega city with different focus areas (rural versus urban), using travel OD data (2006). According to the result, the fonn of spatial clusters in urban living area differed from that of spatial clusters in rural area; the boundaries of living area were not fit to those of administrative areas in both types; and living areas in both types tended to extend over more than two administrative areas. The results cast some implications concerning spatial planning and policy for living area delimitation. First, since the spatial structure and interconnection of urban area differs to those of rural area, it is required to delimit living areas discriminatively depending on the objectives of the spatial plan. Additionally, the living area should be established more specifically and systematically by further subdividing the form of spaces depending on the objectives and types of the plan. Second, the administrative areas should be consolidated now that the difference of boundaries of administrative and living areas lead to inconvenience of residents, increased administration costs and scale diseconomy. Lastly, the living areas should be delimited by the metropolitan or mega city planning and thus be reflected to its offsprings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.135-145
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the current urban forest network and future plan of forest framework using nearest features program where stepping stones within 5km from the core forest were selected in the program. We found several conclusions as follows: First, we found that cities in inland area including Daegu, Dajeon and Gwangju have quite different types of forest network with comparing to the cities nearby coastline including Busan, Incheon and Ulsan. The cities in inland area have large mountain patch around each city. However they have small and lower number of island forests within their urban area. Otherwise, cities nearby coastline have more forest patches than in the cities in inland area, and Busan and Incheon especially have strong forest network using various size of forest patches. Second, Daegu and Daejeon have much smaller forest patches distributed in each urban area. So additional forest patches should be added to have highly strong forest network within urban area. Third, Ulsan and Gwangju have most stepping-stone forests close to the large mountain patches in suburban area, which are not able to connect to the forest patches in the central area of each city So additional forest patches are needed to be added in the central area of each city for reinforcing the effect of stepping stone in the central area. Though there should be an addition approach except for forest size and its isolation to construct the ecological network in an urban area, this indices can be a good method to check an environmental and ecological status in an urban area.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.133-165
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• 2019

This paper tried an approach of oral literature as the research subject of Soeburi song in Ulsan. First, UlsanSoeburi song is meaningful as materials collected in Ulsan such as Hansil, Dodoekgol, Dudong and Byeongueong. In addition, it is related to regional identity as song native to Ulsan, which has prototype and archetype. And it shows that Ulsan is the city as well as hometown of Soeburi(meaning ' iron manufacture'). The characteristics of lyrics are different between Hansil Soeburi song and Dodeokgol Soeburi song. Jeiman Choi is considered as a good oral literature poet, because he is a performer who is faithful in official structural principal and in original lyrics(archetype) of Soeburi song. Therefore, SoeburiBulmei song of Jeiman Choi signifies aesthetic meaning, having lyrics which make to feel labor's purity and sacred and melody which overcomes labor's difficulty through united action. On the other hand, SoeburiBulmei song of Dalo Kim in Doseokgol shows that he is a extemporaneous performer even though he performs based on official structural principal. In this paper, transmission and changes of UlsanSoeburi song are divided into basic type, frequent shift type and overall type. 'Basic type' originates from Jeiman Choi's Soeburi song in Hansil. 'Frequent shift type' was created by combining SoeburiBulmei song of Dalo Kim in Doseokgol and SoeburiGeumjul song in Ulsan. 'Overall type' is current Soeburi song, which was created by adding Bulmei song for lulling a baby in Byeongueong near Dalcheon region and Seoknyanggan(smithy) Bulmei song. UlsanSoeburi song is being passed down continuously, strengthening the identity as a representative folk song in Ulsan through endless process of transmission and changes.