• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2012

In this study the real situation of apartment house in seoul is reproduced with multi-zone modeling program contam2.4. This model include immune building system(disinfection system) which is consist of dilution, Filter Technology and UVGI(ultra violet germicidal irrdiation). In this study experiments design method used for estimating interaction of HRV air change rate, UVGI air change rate and UVGI grade. Result show that HRV air change rate and UVGI air change rate is most influence factor for remove rate. also Interaction of HRV air change rate and UVGI air change rate is ost influence factor for remove rate.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.111-118
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• 2009

In this study the real situation of apartment house in seoul is reproduced with multi-zone modeling program CONTAM2.4. This model include disinfection system which is consist of dilution, filtration, UVGI(ultra violet germicidal irradiation). It's energy consumption was also analyzed through the linked model of CONTAM and TRNSYS according to the combination of components. The comparison of total energy consumption through energy analysis revealed that adjusting the air change rate of the UVGI air sterilizer to maintain the same indoor microbe removal capability was more advantageous in terms of energy consumption.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2015

Purpose : When natural disaster occurs, the victims are evacuated to temporary shelters such as indoor gymnasiums or large space buildings until their homes are recovered. If someone in this temporary shelter is infected with an airborne infectious disease, it becomes easier for the disease to spread to the other people in the shelter than it would be under normal conditions. Therefore, temporary shelters need to provide not only water and food but also hygienic indoor conditions. Methods : In this study, the use of mechanical systems such as ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems and air cleaners were simulated using numerical analysis to find out how these systems can control airborne infection in temporary shelters. An indoor gymnasium was selected as a temporary shelter for the numerical simulation model considering Korea's post-disaster response system. Influenza A virus was assumed as an airborne infectious disease and the diffusion of the virus was made by one person in the shelter. Results : The result of this study showed that the UVGI systems disinfected the virus more effectively than the air cleaners by creating a more stable airflow after the disinfection process. The air cleaners could remove the virus but since it created an unstable airflow in the temporary shelter, the virus was condensed to a certain area to show a higher virus concentration level than the source location. Implications : In the temporary shelter, it is necessary to use UVGI systems or air cleaners for hygienic indoor conditions.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.429-435
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• 2006

In this study multi-zone modeling program CONTAM 2.4 which is developed by NIST is used for modeling the air disinfection system which is consist of dilution, filtration, ultra violet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for removing the indoor microorganism such as bacteria and fungus. Developed models those protect occupants against indoor microorganism generated in our daily life are enable to use for immune building simulation tool. Also, results indicate that those models are enable to compute the real situation that is almost impossible of carrying out experiment and identify the disinfection rate with highly reliance. Results also suggest that engineers will use these models as a design tool for the immune building system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.252-259
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to estimate the movement of microbial contaminant caused by bio-attack using bio-agent such as bacillus anthracis for preventing contaminant diffusion. multizone simulation was carried out in the case of three types of bio-attack scenario in the government building. Simulation results show that severe contaminant diffusion is brought about in all cases of bio-attack scenario in one hour, though pollution boundaries have different mode according to bio-attack scenarios. Simulation results also show that immune building technology such as filter and UVGI technology gives us powerful alternatives to meet the emergent situation caused by unexpected bio-attack.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.933-940
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• 2006

In this study multi-zone modeling program CONTAM 2.4 developed by NIST is used for estimating the air disinfection rate of the interior of a room which is set up the indoor air disinfection system with filter and ultra violet germicidal irradiation (UVGI). Developed models those enable to predict the transmission of air home contagion such as bacteria and fungus generated in our daily life are useful model for designning air cleaning & ventilation system of building. Also, results indicate that these models are enable to compute the real situation that is almost impossible of carrying out experiment in an actual condition due to biohazard problems and suggest that engineers will use these models as a design tool for the future immune building system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of multizone simulation that enables to grasp of details about microbial contaminant problem in an multistoried apartment. We used actual indoor test data to figure up microbial contaminant level as initial value for the multizone simulation and estimated the various effects of indoor occupant infected with germs such as bacteria and fungus and the performance of air sterilization by using multizone simulation in substitute for infeasible experimental approach. The results show that natural ventilation make ourselves generally useful for removing indoor microbial contaminants. The results also show that the performance of air sterilization reach the maximum in the case of using mechanical ventilation and UVGI air sterilizer. The conclusion is that this multizone simulation is useful tool for actual design method for immune building systems.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.881-890
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• 2010

As Influenza A virus(H1N1) has been spreading more rapidly around globe, the study on the airborne disease which is transimitted through the respiratory system is on the rise. In this study, the multizone simulation of the public building against bioviolence is performed in the case of unexpected spread of microbial contaminants, such as bioviolence agent, Influenza A, Smallpox, B. anthrax and transport and control characteristics of above three kinds of bioviolence agents are evaluted. Results suggest that Influenza A and Smallpox which has small mean diameter can be more removable than B. anthrax by using high UVGI grade condition and B. anthrax which has large mean diameter can be more removable than Influenza A and Smallpox by using high filter grade condition. Results also suggest that installing a combined air treatment system is more effective to reduce the damage and engineers will use immune building technology for removing the bioviolence agents effectively.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.509-514
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• 2016

From the point of view to prevent airborne infection-related diseases such as H1N1, SARS, and MERS, an actual application of air cleaning and purification systems including technologies like UVGI has become increasingly important. Recently, an air purification system using REME (Reflective Electro Magnetic Energy) developed in the U.S. is applied for indoor air purification and sterilization technology to counteract the outbreak of new airborne infections. In this study, an air sterilization performance experiment using REME was carried out. The results verified that air sterilization performance in the case of installing a REME system in a medical center was 31%, namely the number of floating bacteria decreased by 31% after only a five-day operation. In addition, the number of culture collections in the REME operating air conditioning systems using nonpathogenic Geobacillus stearothemophilus as a biological indicator decreased maximally to 67%. A field application of REME technology will be useful to prevent airborne infection-related diseases, especially in response to public health crises due to the advent of emerging diseases.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.581-586
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• 2005

Recently, the use of UVGI system has been increasing in both medical and nonmedical buildings for the control of environmental microorganisms. In the present study, irradiance performance test of UVC lamp was carried out and indoor air sterilization effect of UV ray for preventing transimission of air borne contagion was investigated by using manufactured UVC air sterilizer. Experimental results show that the effective irradiance of UVC lamp is strongly dependent on air velocity and temperature in irradiance performance test. An individual microbiological killing effectiveness experiment also shows that the average kill rate of two microbiological samples such as bacteria and fungus is about $92\%$ by using manufactured UVC air sterilizer. Additionally irradiance performance experimental results also show that the ballast is very important factor to keep up irradiance performance of UVC lamp.