• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.465-470
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• 2006

Walnut hull is a by-product from the Walnut tree, used as natural dyestuff from ancient times. This study was done to examine the effects of extractive conditions on the properties of walnut hull extracts for making efficient use of the walnut hull as a natural colorant. Aqueous extracts of walnut hull were prepared at various extractive concentration, temperature and time. Then they were characterized using UV-Vis. Spectrophotometer, FT-IR Spectrometer, Prep Liquid Chromatography, and Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The aqueous extracts have two absorbency peaks of UV-Vis. Spectrum, shoulder type peak in the range of 270-280 nm and broad type band around 420 nm. Intensity of absorbency is increased with increase of extraction concentration and time. However, Boiling temperature extraction method showed the most efficiency of all. Intensity of absorbency is also affected by extraction pH. The Prep LC examined two kinds of isolated colorant with different molecular weight. FT-IR spectra of hull extracts showed an absorption band around $3400cm^{-1}$, the peaks at $1700-1600cm^{-1}$, which are characteristic of aromatic compounds with unsaturated ketone and benzene ring. It showed that the extraction contained some mineral ions, such as K, Ca, Si, Mg.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.134-134
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• 2009

In this work, we report that crystallization speed as well as the electrical and optical properties about the N-doped $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin films. The 200-nm-thick N-doped $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin film was deposited on p-type (100) Si and glass substrate by RF reactive sputtering at room temperature. The amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation of N-doped $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin films investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Changes in the optical transmittance of as-deposited and annealed films were measured using a UV-VIS-IR spectrophotometer and four-point probe was used to measure the sheet resistance of N-doped $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin films annealed at different temperature. In addition, the surface morphology and roughness of the films were observed by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The crystalline speed of amorphous N-doped $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ films were measured by using nano-pulse scanner with 658 nm laser diode (power : 1~17 mW, pulse duration: 10~460 ns). It was found that the crystalline speed of thin films are decreased by adding N and the crystalline temperature is higher. This means that N-dopant in $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin film plays a role to suppress amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.442-450
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• 2014

Concern has grown over a presence of micropollutants in natural water since sulfonamide antibiotic substances such as sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfathiazole have been frequently detected in Nakdong River, Korea. The current work investigates the degradation of the three sulfonamide substances by using quantum chemistry calculations of density functional theory (DFT) and experimental measurement techniques of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-VIS). DFT calculations demonstrate that the lowest energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) lies in sulfanilamide functional group of sulfonamide, implying that the sulfanilamide functional group would be the most active site for ozone oxidation. Also, UV-VIS spectra and FT-IR analysis reveal that 260 nm band originated from sulfanilamide group was absent after ozone oxidation, indicating that a functional group of amine (N-H) was removed from sulfanilamide. Both theoretical and experimental observations agree well with each other, demonstrating the DFT calculation tool can be an alternative tool for the prediction of chemical reactions in purification treatment processes.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.595-605
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• 2018

In recent years, researches on organic-inorganic coating films have conducted a nanocomposite system composed of organic resin matrices having excellent flexibility and chemical stability and inorganic materials having excellent mechanical properties. The o-phenylphenoxyethyl acrylate (OPPEA) used as the acrylate monomer has a high refractive index of 1.58, and the bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (BAEDA) has a low refractive index but improves the chemical stability of the organic resin. In addition, zirconia used as an inorganic material exhibits excellent durability and optical properties. In this study, the BAEDA contents in acrylate monomer were controlled to produce a film with suitable optical transparency. And optimum conditions were established by comparing the changes in surface properties of PET films detected with pencil hardness tester, Abbe's refractometer, and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The hydrophobicity and the dispersibility of zirconia in acrylate monomer were much improved after modification with ${\gamma}$-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS), which is a silane coupling agent. And the existence of ester C=O bond peak at $1716cm^{-1}$ introduced by MPS through FT-IR ATR spectrophotometer confirmed the completion of surface modification of zirconia with MPS. In addition, the presence of silicon atom on the surface modified zirconia was also proved using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. When the photocurable hybrid coating was prepared by introducing chemically modified zirconia into acrylate monomer, the refractive index of this coated PET film was improved by 1.2%, compared to the only acrylate coated PET film. The homogeneous distribution of zirconia in acrylate coating layer on PET film was also identified through SEM/EDS mapping analysis technique.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.73-81
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• 1996

In this study, sensitizing dye was prepared by the reaction of 2-methyl-3-sulfopropyl-4,5-naphthothiazolium(inner salt) with triethyl orthobenzoate in the presence of triethylamine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, $^1H-NMR$ spectrometer, TGA and DSC. Therefore, it was concluded that 9-phenyl-3,3'-bis(3-sulfopropyl)-4,5,4',5'-naphthothiazolo carbocyanine triethyl ammonium salt can be used as red-sensitizing dye for the spectral sensitization of photographic emulsion.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2006

In this paper, magenta coupler was prepared by the reaction of 1-(2,4,6-Trichlorophenyl)-3-(5-amino-2-chloroanilino)-5-pyrazolone with 2,4-di-tert-pentyl-phenoxy butanoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as melting point, elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and GC-mass spectrometer. The reaction of magenta coupler with CD-3 (color development agent) was shown magenta color.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.116-121
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• 2012

In this paper, yellow coupler was prepared by the reaction of ${\alpha}$-pivaloyl- 2-chloro-5-aminoacetaniline hydrogen chloride with 1-hexadecane sulfonyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as melting poin elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, mass spectrometer. The reaction of yellow coupler with CD-3(color development agent) was shown yellow color.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 1995

In the study, sensitizing dye was prepared by the reaction of 2-methyl-3-sulfopropyl-5-phenyl-benzoxazolium(inner salt) with ortho-ester in the presence of triethylamine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as Elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, $^{1}H$-NMR spectrometer, TGA and DSC. Therefore, it was concluded that benzoxazolo carbocyanine dye can be used as green-sensitizing dye for the spectral sensitization of photographic emulsion.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 1997

The symmetric naphthothiazolo carbocyanine is of industrial importance as green-sensitizing dye in the spectral sensitization of emulsion microcrystals in negative film-making. In this study, green-sensitizing dye was prepared by the reaction of 2-methyl-3-sulfopropyl-5-phenyl-benzoxazolium(inner salt) with triethyl orthoacetate in the presence of triethylamine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as Elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, $^1H$-NMR spectrometer, TGA and DSC. The maximum absorption peak in methanol solvent was 502nm. Therefore, it was concluded that benzoxazolo carbocyanine dye can be used as green-sensitizing dye for the spectral sensitization of photographic emulsion.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2001

Naphthothiazolo carbocyanine is of industrial importance as red-sensitizing dye in the spectral sensitization of emulsion microcrystals in negative film-making. In this study, red-sensitizing dye was prepared by the reaction of 2-methyl-3-sulfopropyl-4,5-naphthothiazolium(inner salt) with triethyl orthoacetate in the presence of triethylamine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as Elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Mass spectrometer, $^{1}H-NMR$ spectrometer, TGA and DSC. The maximum absorption peak in methanol solvent was 573nm. Therefore, it was concluded that naphthothiazolo carbocyanine dye can be used as red0sensitizing dye for the spectral sensitization of photographic emulsion.