• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2007

A thick film catalytic gas sensors which can be operated at $142^{\circ}C$ in presence of ultra violet-light emitting diode has been developed to measure hydrogen concentration in 0-5 % range. The sensing material as a combustion catalyst consists of $TiO_{2}$ (5 wt%) and Pd/Pt (20 wt%) supported on $Al_{2}O_{3}$ powder and the reference material to compensate the heat capacity of it in a bridge circuit was an catalyst free $Al_{2}O_{3}$ powder. Platinum heater and sensor materials were formed on the alumina plate by screen printing method and heat treatment. The effect of UV radiation in the presence of photo catalyst $TiO_{2}$ on the sensor sensitivity, response and recovery time has been investigated. The reduction of operating temperature from $192^{\circ}C$ to $142^{\circ}C$ for hydrogen gas sensing property in presence of UV radiation is attributed to the hydroxy radical and superoxide which was formed at the surface of $TiO_{2}$ under UV radiation.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.225-229
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• 2004

The effect of UV and $^60{Co}$ gamma radiations on the physical and mechanical properties of nylon 6 mono-filaments with different draw ratios has been studied. Specimens were exposed to either up to 25 Mrad of gamma or up to 168 hrs of intense UV irradiation. The results show that nylon mono-filaments exposed to gamma rays, with much higher quantum energy than UV, undergo a larger extent of molecular chain scission. Higher irradiation dose also results in the production of insoluble, macroscopic three-dimensional cross-linked network structure. The amorphous regions with a lower density of cohesive energy (lower molecular orientation) show a higher extent of cross linking reaction whereas amorphous regions with a higher density of cohesive energy (higher orientation) show higher extent of chain scission reaction, irrespective of UV ray or gamma ray irradiation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.411-419
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• 2000

In this paper we have investigated the surface degradation by ultraviolet-irradiation in high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber. Through the measurement of surface potential decay by corona-charging and of contact angle it is found that the change of surface electrostatic properties and the decrease of contact angle under UV-radiation. For the changes in micro-morphological and chemical structure of the UV-treated silicone rubber we utilized several analytical techniques such as SEM, ATR-FTIR,XPS. From this study it is shown that the chemical reactions(scissoring of side chain(S-$CH_3$) cross-linking and branching) occur on the surface of silicone rubber during the UV-irradiation. Also we obtained the results of the loss of low molecular weight chain by cross-linking and oxidation reaction.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.2 s.49
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• pp.143-151
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• 2005

Exposure of skin to UV-B radiation can cause inflammatory response and immunosuppression. It has been reported that Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has several pharmacological and physiological effects such as antioxidant, anticancer and improving immune function. In this study, we investigated that topical KRG and KRG + EGb 761 (Ginkgo biloba extract) combination prevented UV-B induced inflammation and inhibition of contact hypersensitivity response. Topical application of KRG, f days prior to or 5 days after exposure to 1MED and 2MED of UV-B, reduced skin thickness compared to non -treated group and resulted in protection against immunosuppression. However, KRG+EGb 761 combination has a little protection against the only 1MED UV-B. In conclusion. Topical application of KRG was more effective than combination in protection against UV-B induced inflammation and immune suppression. Also, we suggest that KRG can provide protection from inflammation and immunosuppression by UV-B radiation.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2006

Induction of apoptosis allows the organism to get rid of abnormal cells and also of tumor cells. Understanding the mechanism involved in Ultraviolet radiation (UV) induced apoptosis may improve its therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we present expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) during apoptosis induced by UV in HeLa $S_3$ cells. Four different assays were performed in this study: morphological assessment of apoptotic cells and cell viability, DNA fragmentation analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis, quantitative assay of fragmented DNA, and expression of PARP by the western blot analysis. The percentages of apoptotic HeLa $S_3$ cells irradiated with $75J/m^2$ UV was increased continuously from 3 hrs incubation. DNA ladder pattern was appeared at 6 hrs. The amount of nucleosomal DNA fragments in cells treated UV increased from 3 to 12 hrs incubation and gradually decreased. The cleavage of PARP in HeLa $S_3$ cells irradiated with UV was induced, and the cleavage of PARP was more delayed in the cells pretreated with $5J/m^2$ UV and subsequently irradiated with $75J/m^2$ UV. than that in the cells only irradiated with $75J/m^2$ UV. Thus these data suggest that the cleavage of PARP relates with DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

The pollution of antibiotics is a major cause of spreading antibiotics resistant bacteria in the environment. Applications of ozonation, UV, and ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiations have been introduced to remove antibiotics in the effluents from wastewater treatment system. In this study, we compared the chemical (HPLC) and biological (antimicrobial susceptibility test, AMS) assays in measuring of the concentrations of residual antibiotics after ${\gamma}-ray$ and UV irradiation. Most samples were degraded by ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation (1~2 kGy). However, lincomycin and tetracycline were not degraded by UV irradiation. The concentration of residual antibiotics, that was treated with ${\gamma}-ray$ and UV irradiation, measuring by bioassay was similar to HPLC. The concentrations of ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiated cephradine measured by AMS test were 2 times higher than that of HPLC assay, indicating AMS test is more sensitive than HPLC assay. These results indicate that ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation technique is more useful than UV irradiation, and biological assay is more useful to detect the antibiotics and toxic intermediates in antibiotics degradation.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 2013

Photosynthetic carbon fixation regulates air-sea $CO_2$ fluxes in the waters of coral reefs. However, little has been documented on the effects of solar UV radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) upon photosynthetic behaviors of phytoplankton dwelling in these ecosystems. In order to evaluate the aforesaid, surface dwelling tropical coral reef phytoplankton assemblages collected from the South China Sea were exposed to solar radiation (i.e., photosynthetically active radiation [PAR] + UV radiation A [UVA] + UV radiation B [UVB], 280-700 nm; PAR + UVA, 320-700 nm; and PAR, 400-700 nm) under static or simulated-mixing conditions. Under the static condition, UVA and UVB significantly reduced the carbon fixation with the maximum of 22.4 and 15.3%, respectively; while lower UVR-related photosynthetic inhibition was observed in case of phytoplankton samples being subjected to mixing. At a moderate level of mixing (i.e., circulation time 80 min), the UVA and UVB caused inhibition were lowered by 52.1 and 79.6%, respectively. Based on this it could be stated that vertical mixing induced by winds and/or tides in the natural environments could reduce the inhibitory effect of solar UVR on phytoplankton productivity in the coral reefs water.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.45-50
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• 1994

This experiment was to investigate the effects of UV radiation and chemical treatments on the color difference in antioxidant (Tris(2,4-di-t-butyl phenoxy) phosphite)-containing polyurethane coats. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. The color difference increased as the exposure time of UV radiation increases, but decreased as addition level of antioxidant increaes. 2. After 400 hours exposure to UV radiation, the color difference respectively showed 6.13 and 5.94 at 0.7 % and 1.0 % addition level but appeared more severe below 0.7 % addition level. Thus, antioxidant prevented discoloration effectively. 3. The color difference of films by chemical treatments increased after 8 hours. Color difference of films treated with 5 % acetic acid($CH_3COOH$), 30 % ethyl alchol ($CH_3CH_2OH$) showed 7.31 and 7.30 respectively. 1 % sodium hydroxide treatment showed 1.86 color difference after 8 hours.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 1997

Radiometers in UV and visible wavelengths were onboard the Korean Sounding Rocket(KSR)-1 and 2 which were launched on June 4th and September 1st, 1993. These radiometers were designed to capture the solar radiation during the ascending period of the rocket flight. The purpose of the instrument was to measure the vertical profiles of stratospheric ozone densities. Since the instrument measured the solar radiation from the ground to its apogee, it is possible to investigate the altitude variation of the measured intensity and to estimate the effect of atmospheric scattering by comparing the UV and visible intensity. The visible channel was a reference because the 450-nm wavelength is in the atmospheric window region, where the solar radiation is transmitted through the atmosphere without being absorbed by other atmospheric gases. The use of 450-nm channel intensity as a reference should be limited to the altitude ranges above the certain altitudes, say 20 to 25km where the signals are not perturbed by atmospheric scattering effects.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1093-1101
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• 2006

In the present study we studied the growth, photosynthetic traits and protective mechanisms against oxidative stress in the primary loaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings with or without UV-B treatment. Cucumber seedings were irradiated with UV-B for 10 days in environment-controlled growth chambers. The primary leaves irradiated with UV-B showed reduction in leaf length and decreased biomass production. The reduced biomass production seemed to be due to a negative effect of UV-B radiation on the photosynthetic process. Changes in chemical properties of leaf, such as chi a/b ratio affected photosynthesis. UV-B significantly affected chl b content compared with chi a in the light harvesting complex resulting reduced photosynthetic activity Fv/Fm decreased with an UV-B stress, suggesting that the photosynthetic apparatus, and particularly, PS II was damaged under UV-B stress. Malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration which represents the state of membrane lipid peroxidation Increased significantly under UV-B stress confirming an oxidative stress. UV-B exposure with SA solution(0.1-1.0 mM) can partially ameliorated some of the detrimental effects of UV-B stress. Leaf injuries including loss of chlorophyll and decreased ratio of Fv/Fm were reduced with combined application of UV-B and SA. ABA and JA showed similar mode of action in physiological effects on photosynthetic activities though the levels were lower than those from SA treated plants. Chloroplast ultrastructure was also affected by UV-B exposure. The thickness of leaf tissue components decreased and the number of grana and thylakoids was reduced in chloroplast applied UV-B or SA alone. At combined stress granal and stromal thylakoids were less affected. The leaves under combined stress acquired a significant tolerance to oxidative stress. From these results, it can be suggested that SA may have involved a protective role against UV-B induced oxidative damage.