• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.177-187
• /
• 2017

Objectives: Medical students represent a primary target for tobacco cessation training. This study assessed the prevalence of medical students' tobacco use, attitudes, clinical skills, and tobacco-related curricula in two countries, the US and Italy, with known baseline disparities in hopes of identifying potential corrective interventions. Methods: From September to December 2013, medical students enrolled at the University of Bologna and at Brown University were recruited via email to answer survey questions assessing the prevalence of medical students' tobacco use, attitudes and clinical skills related to patients' smoking, and elements of medical school curricula related to tobacco use. Results: Of the 449 medical students enrolled at Brown and the 1426 enrolled at Bologna, 174 Brown students (38.7%) and 527 Bologna students (36.9%) participated in this study. Italian students were more likely to smoke (29.5% vs. 6.1%; p<0.001) and less likely to receive smoking cessation training (9.4% vs. 80.3%; p<0.001) than their American counterparts, even though the majority of students in both countries desired smoking cessation training (98.6% at Brown, 85.4% at Bologna; p<0.001). Additionally, negative beliefs regarding tobacco usage, the absence of formal training in smoking cessation counseling, and a negative interest in receiving specific training on smoking cessation were associated with a higher risk of not investigating a patient's smoking status during a routine history and not offering tobacco cessation treatment to patients. Conclusions: Medical curricula on tobacco-related health hazards and on smoking cessation should be mandatory in order to reduce smoking among medical students, physicians, and patients, thereby improving tobacco-related global health.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.285-304
• /
• 2009

The objectives of this study were finding out some methods about development of oversea agriculture in Korea. It is a tough task that faces us now. China is a big agricultural country, most agricultural investment country and the nearest located in Korea. So this study researches on the quality of farmers and characters of rural human resources in China. In China, agriculture industry is the basic industry among national economy developments. The majority of populations in China are living in rural region. Agriculture, villages and farmers are main issues in China. From this point, An analysis of Chinese farmers' characters and qualities; general conditions of farmers' knowledge of science and technology, their education level, quality of minds and sprit, and rural public health service situation in China. The result of this study is following; First, Chinese farmers' factors that low education level, big cultural differences between cities and country sides affect the development of China's agriculture as obstruction factors. Second, Practice conditions of farmers' science knowledge and technology are low level, output of higher rural human resources, low quality of minds and sprit and problems of agricultural extension service. It is negative influenced of agriculture and farmers economic development in China. Third, unsociable culture of the peasantry influences Chinese farming in the negative ways. Also, conventional notions of family are getting weaker, it makes connection of the kinship weaken. But, Chinese think that this kind of kinship is the most important thing in their life. Fourth, in the case of situations that the farmer's sanitation and health, low level of the medical service is getting worse than before relatively. And there are a lot of discordances between a planned childbirth policy and personal recognitions. Also, lacking of nourishment makes labor productivity falling tendencies. The medical industry falls short of the standard as compared to the number of farming people. Fifth, in the peasantry's consciousness of the legal system, this causes difficulties to farmers in the market. Shortage of the legal knowledge exerts a bad influence upon rural economy.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.106-122
• /
• 2010

With the introduction of the 40 hours workweek system, an intensive discussion was made among relevant departments. Building facilities does not necessarily guarantee more leisure activities and higher satisfaction for the public. It is essential to draft at the trend of leisure policy in Japan and learn from the experiences to set the policy direction best fitting future changes in Korea, as Japan has gone through comprehensive changes ahead of us. With this understanding, this study analyzed key leisure policies of Japan and examined the trend of changes of time. The followings are the findings of the research. First, Japan's leisure policies could be categorized into five stages and six terms. Second, leisure policies in Japan are being established as a local welfare system, not in the context of industrial perspective, to help people in local community. This is to make voluntary move by eliminating the factors that restrict social demand with an effort to expand leisure time and to secure and enhance access to leisure space. Third, Neighborhood leisure space has taken the center stage, in an effort to seek solutions to the issues of improving space utilization, restoring local community and encouraging participation of local residents. The conclusion drawn from the research is as follows. It is required to recommend the use of the specific term 'leisure' for leisure policies in Korea and for leisure space policies in Korea that are now facing sociocultural challenges similar to the ones emerging in Japan, measures are required to improve physiological access of local residents including information promotion, lifetime education and relationships enhancement along with the establishment of neighborhood leisure space.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2019

Electronic health records (EHRs) enable us to use and re-use electronic data for various multiple purposes, such as public reporting, quality improvement, and patient outcomes research. Current hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) risk assessment instruments have not been specifically developed for intensive care unit (ICU) patients and showed false positive rates in this specific populations. Previous research studies report a number of risk factors; however, it is still not clear what factors influence ICU HAPI in this population. As part of a larger research study, we performed an exploratory analysis by using a large electronic health record data. The aims of this study were to compare characteristics of patients who developed HAPIs during their ICU stay with those who did not, and to determine whether the two groups were different in the aspects of length of ICU stay, discharge disposition, and discharge destinations. We conducted chi-square test and t-test for group comparison. Association was examined by using bivariate analyses. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine correlation between LOS and number of medications. Our findings suggest a number of consistent and potentially modifiable risk factors, such as sedation, feeding tubes, and the number of medications administered. The mortality of the HAPI group was significantly higher than the non-HAPI group in our data. Discharge disposition was significantly different between the groups. 67% of the HAPI group transferred to intermediate or long-term care hospitals whereas 57.7% of the non-HAPI group went home after discharge. Awareness of these risk factors can lead to clinical interventions that can be preventative in the ICU setting.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 1990

The survey was conducted for the period from 25 th to 29 th July, 1990. The survey area were selected the mountain area in Kang Won Province. Intake of foods and nutrients of all members in the households surveyed by means of questionnaire was computed based on number of meals a day. On the other hand, daily intake of nutrients by an individual was calculated by sex, age and type of work based on the conversion rate of RDA (Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances for Adult). 1. Status of food intake. The average food intake per person per day in surveyed area was 1103.49 g. The total intake of food was consisted of 44.17% grains, 23.31% vegetables, 10.66% fruits, respectively. These findings led us to the conclusion that people in the surveyed area depended heavily on plant foods. 2. Status of nutrient intake, 1) The average intake of Calorie was 2567.54 Cal Per day, which was slightly higher than 2500 Cal of RDA. 2) The average Intake of protein was 82.92g per day, which was higher than 70g of RDA. Though the quantity was above the RDA, it was largely from plant foods 3) The average intake of calcium was 383.93 mg per day, which was much lower than 500 mg of RDA. 4) The average intake of iron was 11.88 me per day, which was nearly the same quantity as 10 mg of RDA. 5) Intake of vitamin group were high among the inhabitants than recommended by RDA 3. The Kinds of food intake The kinds of food intake in surveyed area were totally 66 different kinds. 4. Economic status. As for the education level, almost of the food handlers finished the primary school and the average monthly income was 364,600 in surveyed area. Households used gas(100%) for fuel.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제55권2호
• /
• pp.193-204
• /
• 2022

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of women's empowerment on the immunization of Indonesian children. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of wealth as a factor modifying this association. Methods: We utilized data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The subjects were married women with children aged 12-23 months (n=3532). Complete immunization was defined using the 2017 IDHS definition. Multiple components of women's empowerment were measured: enabling resources, decision-making involvement, and attitude toward intimate partner violence. The primary analysis was conducted using binomial logistic regression. Model 1 represented only the indicators of women's empowerment and model 2 controlled for socio-demographic variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted for each wealth group. Results: The primary analysis using model 1 identified several empowerment indicators that facilitated complete immunization. The analysis using model 2 found that maternal education and involvement in decision-making processes facilitated complete immunization in children. Subgroup analyses identified that wealth had a modifying effect. The indicators of women's empowerment were strong determinants of complete immunization in lower wealth quintiles but insignificant in middle-income and higher-income quintiles. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore women's empowerment as a determinant of child immunization in Indonesia. The results indicate that women's empowerment must be considered in Indonesia's child immunization program. Women's empowerment was not found to be a determinant in higher wealth quintiles, which led us to rethink the conceptual framework of the effect of women's empowerment on health outcomes.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.159-173
• /
• 2010

대학 생활을 시작하는 프로그래밍 초보자들에 대한 프로그래밍 입문 교육이 어렵다는 것을 모두 알고 있으며, 특히 어려운 부분은 신입생들이 프로그래밍 작업에 쉽고 빠르게 적응할 수 있도록 학습 동기를 부여하고 학습 의욕을 높이는 것이다. 본 논문은 프로그래밍 초보자들이 프로그래밍 교육을 보다 쉽고 즐겁게 받을 수 있도록 학습 동기를 부여하고 학습 의욕을 높이기 위한 목적으로 프로그래밍 입문 교육에 레고 마인드스톰 로봇을 이용하는 방법을 제안하였다. C 프로그래밍 교육에서 프로그래밍 초보자들의 학습효과를 촉진시킬 수 있는 합리적인 개선 방안을 찾아보고, 학생들의 흥미 및 학습의욕의 부족 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 레고 마인드스톰 로봇을 이용하여 교육을 실시하였다. 제안한 방법을 대학교 신입생들을 대상으로 C 프로그래밍 입문 교육 과정에 적용하여 교육을 시킨 결과, 프로그래밍에 대한 학습 동기와 학습 의욕의 개선을 통하여 프로그래밍 교육의 학업 성취도가 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 학생들이 레고 마인드스톰 로봇을 이용한 수업을 통해서 교과목에 대한 흥미, 학습 동기 및 학습 의욕의 측면에서 통계적으로 의미 있는 향상이 있음을 보여준 것이라고 하겠다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.277-288
• /
• 2015

과학 교육과정의 성취기준은 교육목표를 안내하고, 교육의 내용을 구성하며, 평가의 방향을 지시하는 중요한 기능을 한다. 2009 개정 과학과 교육과정은 자연현상과 사물에 대하여 흥미와 호기심을 가지고 탐구하여 과학의 기본 개념을 이해하고, 과학적 사고력과 창의적 문제해결력을 길러 일상생활의 문제를 해결할 줄 아는 과학적 소양을 기르는데 목표를 두고 있다. 새롭게 개정된 교육과정인 만큼 이전의 교육과정과 비교하여 과학교육이 추구하는 목표를 지향하는 성취기준이 되어야 바람직 할 것이다. Bloom의 신교육목표분류체계를 사용하여 우리 교육과정의 성취기준을 지식 차원과 인지과정 차원으로 분석함으로써 다양한 지식차원과 인지과정 차원을 담아내고 있는지 알아보았다. 2009 개정 교육과정은 이전의 2007 개정 교육과정과 비교하여 인지과정 및 지식 차원에서 고등사고를 촉진하는 인지과정 및 지식차원의 유형이 확장되었음을 확인하였다. 그러나 미국의 NGSS와 비교하여 인지과정 차원과 지식 차원에서 특정 범주의 인지과정이나 지식 유형에 편중되어 있었다. '분석하다', '평가하다', '창안하다'와 같은 인지과정이나 '메타인지 지식'과 같은 지식의 유형은 소홀히 다루어지고 있었다. 성취기준에서 소홀히 다루어진 인지과정과 지식의 유형은 교사용 지도서의 학습목표에서도 다루어지지 않음을 비교분석을 통해 확인하였다. 교육과정에서 천명하고 있는 과학교육의 목표를 고려하였을 때 교육과정의 성취기준 및 교사용 지도서의 학습목표 진술이 일부 지식 차원과 인지과정 차원에 편중되어 있는 것은 분명 개선이 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 과학과 교육과정 성취기준의 진술방식에 대한 제고를 통하여 다양한 인지과정과 지식의 유형을 지향하는 성취기준을 작성하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.276-293
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 한반도 황사 사례 동안 WRF 기상모델과 SMOKE 배출량모델, CMAQ 및 CMAQ-MADRID 대기질 모델을 이용하여 다양한 황사 발생량 경험식에 대한 $PM_{10}$의 농도를 추정하였다. 특별히 Wang et al.(2000), US EPA 모델, Park and In(2003), GOCART 모델, DEAD 모델의 5가지 황사 발생 경험식이 중국과 몽골 등의 황사 발생량을 추정하기 위해 WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ(MADRID) 모델에 적용되었다. 일기도, 후방궤적 및 위성이미지 분석에 따르면 한반도로의 황사 수송은 절리저기압(위성에서 콤마형 구름)과 관련된 지상 전선의 뒤쪽에서, 그리고 상층 제트류의 발달에 기인한 파의 정체현상과 함께 상층 골에서의 풍속이 하층으로 전이되는 풍하 바람에 의해 생성되었다. 그리고 WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ 모델링 결과, 황사의 시 공간적 분포에 있어서는 Wang et al.(2000)의 경험식이, 평균 편의 및 평균 제곱근 오차에서의 정확도 부분에서는 GOCART 모델의 경험식이 관측값을 보다 잘 모사하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Wang et al.의 경험식을 이용한 황사의 연직분포 분석 결과에서 강한 황사 사례(2007년 3월 31에서 4월 1일 $800\;{\mu}g/m^3$ 이상)의 경우는 황사 수송이 한반도 상공 대기 경계층 내를 통과하였기 때문으로, 약한 황사 사례(2009년 3월 16일과 17에 $400\;{\mu}g/m^3$ 이하)의 경우는 황사 수송이 경계층 위를 통과하였기 때문으로 나타났다. 또한 CMAQ 모델과 CAMQ-MADRID 모델에서의 미세먼지($PM_{10}$) 민감도 분석 결과에서는 CMAQ-MADRID 모델이 CMAQ 모델에 비해 한반도를 포함한 동아시아 지역에서 최대 $25\;{\mu}g/m^3$ 정도가 높게 모사되었고, 모델 내 구름 액상과정에 의해서는 최대 $15\;{\mu}g/m^3$ 정도가 제거되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국교육논총
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.25-53
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 학교 안전 관련 관심과 대응 정책이 증대되는 시점에 학교 내 CCTV 운영 사례를 바탕으로 교사와 행정직원들의 CCTV에 대한 행동양태를 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 또한 교직원의 공문처리 행태변화를 가져올 수 있는 교육당국의 여러 시도를 통해 드러난 주요 시사점을 비교분석하였다. 학교급별·교직원별 영상정보처리기기관련 업무 배분을 정량적인 자료, 즉 공문처리에 의한 행정행위의 결과를 원시자료로써 활용하면서 변화를 파악하였다. 교육청 공문서에 의해 단위학교의 행동양태의 유의미한 변화가 있음을 발견하였다. 첫째 학교급별로 개인정보 관련 공문처리자 지정 시 행태의 변화도가 높았다. 둘째 유치원을 대상으로 한 유아안전관련 공문처리자 지정 시 공문서에 의한 변화도가 낮았다. 학교급별 교직원의 CCTV 업무 처리행태를 공문서 접수처리를 통해 차이를 확인하였다. 본 연구는 학교 내 민감한 주제인 CCTV(영상정보처리기기) 업무에 대한 주제를 선정하였으며, 진행된 자료나 조사 내용은 구체적인 상기주제를 다룬 행정 절차와 관련 규정 등의 내용이다. CCTV(영상정보처리기기 업무)라는 민감한 주제를 통해 발생할 수 있는 갈등 해결책 모색을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다. 이 연구결과는 교육청과 학교현장의 명확한 업무분장을 위하여 유용하게 활용할 수 있다는데 의의가 있다.