• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.58
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• pp.149-177
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• 2013

This article introduces and briefly examines the Uniform Rules for Forfaiting (URF)(ICC Publication No. 800), which were prepared by a joint project of the Banking Commission of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the International Forfaiting Association (IFA), and became effective on January 1, 2013. Forfaiting is a kind of trade financing technic performed by way of a sale and purchase of payment claim between its seller and its buyer, the forfaiter, on a without recourse basis. URF is designed to facilitate global trade finance and embraces all the international payment instruments which are currently used and will be newly developed in the future. URF is expected to be a set of standardized terms and conditions for both the primary and secondary forfaiting markets. In this context, this article first looks into the concept of the forfaiting and certain features and structure of forfaiting transactions. Then this article moves to discussing URF itself. For this it examines (i) the nature and scope of URF and some important definitions provided in URF, (ii) some provisions of URF that apply to the delivery of documents to the forfaiter, the examination, and the acceptance or refusal, of such documents by the forfaiter, and (iii) the payment of purchase price by the forfaiter to its seller, including the matter of "payment under reserve" and repurchase by the seller from the forfaiter. Finally, this article examines liabilities of the parties concerned, before conclusion.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.337-343
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• 2020

In this paper, we focused on the self-healing concrete using new nano-capsules. Three types of nano-capsules with respect to availability, high strength and temperature tolerance are used; type 1 is URF and polyethylene (PE) as shell and nano titanium oxide (TiO₂) as core, type 2 is URF and PE as shell and nano silica oxide (SiO₂) as core, type 3 is PE as shell and nano silica oxide (SiO₂) as core. The concrete samples mixed by nano-capsules with three percents of 0.5, 1 and 1.5. Based on experimental tests and the compressive strength of samples, the URF-PE-SiO₂ is selected for additional tests of compressive strength before and after recovery, ultrasonic test, ion chlorine and water penetration depths. After careful investigation, it is concluded that the optimum value of URF-PE-SiO₂ nano-capsules is 0.5% since leads to higher compressive strength, ultrasonic test, ion chlorine and water penetration depths.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.147-148
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• 2018

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.25-47
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• 2017

Forfaiting is a trade finance facility whereby financial institution purchases accounts receivable from exporters, on a without recourse basis. After the adoption of K-IFRS in 2011, accounting for simple borrowing as usual negotiation increases debt ratio which in turn, worsens financial soundness of a company. Hence, exporting companies have their interest in forfaiting that enables book-off in order to decrease the borrowing. Along with the execution of URF 800 at ICC and increasing the interest of exporting companies into forfaiting, foreign exchange banks in Korea expand the development of products related to forfaiting. Upon surveying all these national banks of this matter, this paper identified an appropriate solution for the forfaiting practice.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2006

The exploitation of metagenome, the access to the natural extant of enormous potential resources, is the way for elucidating the functions of organism in environmental communities, for genomic analyses of uncultured microorganism, and also for the recovery of entirely novel natural products from microbial communities. The major breakthrough in metagenomics is opened by the construction of libraries with total DNAs directly isolated from environmental samples and screening of these libraries by activity and sequence-based approaches. Screening with activity-based approach is presumed as a plausible route for finding new catabolic genes under designed conditions without any prior sequence information. The main limitation of these approaches, however, is the very low positive hits in a single round of screening because transcription, translation and appropriate folding are not always possible in E. coli, a typical surrogate host. Thus, to obtain information about these obstacles, we studied the genetic organization of individual URF's(unidentified open reading frame from metagenome sequenced and deposited in GenBank), especially on the expression factors such as codon usage, promoter region and ribosome binding site(rbs), based on DNA sequence analyses using bioinformatics tools. And then we also investigated the above-mentioned properties for 4100 ORFs(Open Reading Frames) of E. coli K-12 generally used as a host cell for the screening of noble genes from metagenome. Finally, we analyzed the differences between the properties of URFs of metagenome and ORFs of E. coli. Information derived from these comparative metagenomic analyses can provide some specific features or environmental blueprint available to screen a novel biocatalyst efficiently.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.711-714
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• 1989

Autonomous mobile robot Yamabico and his newly developed ultrasonic range finding module(URF) are described. Yamabico is a self-contained autonomous robot for in-door environment. It has a modularized architecture, which consists of master module, ultrasonic range finding module, locomotion module, voice synthesizer module and console. Newly developed ultrasonic range finding module has a 68000 processor and Dual-port memory for communication. It controls the ultrasonic transmitters and receivers and calculate the range distances for 12-direction, simultaneously within every 60 milliseconds.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.478-483
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• 1997

The effects of defatting by ether or 85% methanol on the properties of nonwaxy rice flours (Odaebyeo and Mankeumbyeo) were investigated. Starch granules in the rice flour were all polygonal and showed all A-type crystalline patterns regardless of defatting. Amylose content of the rice flour extracted by ether (crude lipid-defatted rice flour, CLDRF) was similar to the untreated (untreated rice flour, URF), however, that of 85% methanol (total lipid-defatted rice flour, TLDRF) was increased. Defatting decreased the water binding capacities of rice flour in all samples. The swelling power of rice flour was higher in Odaebyeo than Mankeumbyeo, and that of CLDRF showed a similar pattern to the untreated. Swelling power was the highest in TLDRF up to 85$^{\circ}C$, but decreased in the following order CLDRF > URF > TLDRF at above 95$^{\circ}C$. A similar pattern was observed in the leached soluble fraction, and its apparent amyloae content was increased rapidly at above 85$^{\circ}C$.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.1-23
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• 2018

Forfaiting is a trade finance facility whereby financial institution purchases accounts receivable from exporters on a without recourse basis to resolve exporters' credit risk. Since the effectuation of Uniform Rules for Forfaiting(URF 800), exporting companies have been interested in forfaiting and foreign exchange banks in South Korea have expanded products related to forfaiting. However, the risk management for dealing with forfaiting needs improvement. In this paper, we will compare current forfaiting risk managements between foreign exchange banks and foreign banks in South Korea by studying the agreements for each bank and standard forfaiting agreements of the ICC. There is a significant gap for risks covered and points of reserve(points of recourse) between each bank. This work suggests the need for unification for these gaps in order to enhance risk management for exporting companies and foreign exchange banks in South Korea.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1196-1203
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• 2014

Recently, UFRs (Unmanned Flying Robots) have begun to be utilized in various areas for civilian and military applications. Due to this increased utilization, accidents involving UFRsare also increasing. To prevent or monitor accidents caused by UFRs, high-accuracy positioning information is one of the most important technical elements. This paper proposes an efficient UFR monitoring system which provides accurate UFR positioning information with low-cost onboard elements; a small ARM module based on an embedded Linux operating system, a low-cost single frequency GPS receiver with a cheap patch antenna, and a versatile wireless network interface module. The ground monitoring system employs a dual frequency GPS receiver to generate exact UFR coordinates with cm-level accuracy. By processing the UFR measurements based on the Inverse RTK (Real Time Kinematic) method, the ground monitoring system determines the cm-level accurate coordinates of the UFR. The feasibility of the proposed UFR monitoring system was evaluated by three experiments in terms of data loss and accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.366-366
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• 2017

하천의 유량관측 자료는 지표수자원의 확보와 수공구조물의 설계를 위해 가장 기초적인 수문자료로써 정밀하고 지속적인 관측을 요구한다. 최근 유량 관측법은 접촉식 유속측정 방법의 단점을 보완한 전자파 표면유속계나 영상분석기법을 적용한 표면영상유속계(SIV)가 활용되고 있다. 이들 관측장비는 표면유속 관측법에 의해 유량을 측정하므로 보다 정밀한 유량자료를 확보하기 위해서는 측정 영역의 표면유속과 단면의 평균유속에 대한 해석이 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 제주도 남부지역에 위치한 강정천을 대상으로 2011년 7월부터 2015년 6월 까지 월 1~2회 현장관측한 ADCP 자료를 활용하여 Chiu(1987)가 제안한 2차원 유속분포식의 매개변수를 추정하여 정밀한 유량을 산정하였다. 또한 표면영상유속계(SIV)로 산정된 표면유속을 Chiu-2 차원 유속분포식에서 평균유속으로 환산하여 기존의 표면유속을 일률적으로 적용한 수심평균유속 환산계수인 0.85의 적용 값과 비교 분석하였다. 대상하천의 현장에서 72회 관측된 ADCP 자료를 활용하여 각각의 최대유속과 평균유속을 분석하고 엔트로피 계수(M)를 산정한 결과와 유속의 공간적 분포를 모델링하기 위해 제시되는 $_{urf}$를 산정하였으며, 산정된 계수 값을 이용하여 표면유속을 계산한 결과와 ADCP의 관측된 표면유속의 $^2$는 0.874로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 Chiu-2차원 유속분포식을 연구대상하천에 적용하는 과정에서 추정되는 매개변수의 평균값 사용에 대한 타당성을 보여준다. 이 후 추정된 하천매개변수를 하천현장에 적용성 확인을 위해 강정천의 동일 관측지점에서 표면영상유속계(SIV)를 사용한 표면유속과 유량을 산정함과 동시에 ADCP에 의한 유속 및 유량과 비교 분석하였다. 표면영상유속계(SIV)로 분석된 유속 벡터를 Chiu-2차원 유속분포식에 적용하여 산정된 유량과 기존의 수심평균유속환산계수 0.85를 적용한 유량은 각각 $0.7171m^3/s$과 0$0.5758m^3/s$였다. ADCP 평균유량 $0.6664m^3/s$과의 오차율은 각각 7.63%, 13.64%로 나타나 Chiu-2차원 유속분포식을 적용한 유량이 수심평균유속환산계수 0.85를 적용한 유량에 비해 작은 오차율을 보였다.