• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2020

The shoulder refers to the area connecting the human torso and arms, and plays a key role in moving both arms. In particular, it plays the most important role in sending both hands behind the head or away from our bodies. In this paper, we measure the angles of the medial and lateral rotations of the arm from the shoulder, identify the symptoms associated with abnormalities, and propose ways to prevent these symptoms. The angle of medial rotation and lateral rotation of the upper limb in the shoulder is generally 70° ~ 90°. If the angle falls below the reference value or feels pain, something is wrong with the shoulder. In addition, a total of 100 people (50 men and 50 women each) were tested to determine patients with abnormalities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.15 no.3 s.39
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• pp.229-238
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• 1991

The object of this study is to develope an improved version of brassiere with better fit and improved performance by conducting a try-on test on 6 types of revised brassieres (constructed on above basis). The study procedures consisted of a try-on test of experimentally constructed brassieres and a sensory test on fit. The results of experimentally constructed brassiere trial are as follows. 1. The sizes showing performance effects due to different types of experimentally construct- ed brassieres were bust length, bust height, under bust curve length, vertical and horizontal bust diamenter, upper-lower bust slope angle (direct measurement, parallel standard, upper torso tilt rate), side bust slope angle and top bust slope angle. 2. Concerning the changes in lower cup interior, elastic materials and wider portions perfor-med better in bust up effect. 3. No effects due to different shoulder strap positions were observed, but combined with lower cup interior changes the side types proved more effective than the standard types.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.183-199
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to provide fundamental data on somatotype for elderly women by classifying the somatotype and analysing the 3 characteristics of their somatotype. The subject were 368 women of 60~84 years old, they were analyzed indirect photography. To find out differences among the age groups, the 368 subjects were grouped into two age groups (Group 1 ; age 60 to 69, Group 2 ; aged 70 to 84). Data were analyzed using Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, duncan test and Analysis of variance. Through the factor analysis, 27 items from photometric measurements respectively. Cluster analysis was applied for classification of somatotype. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The characteristics of Elderly women's somatotype were bending of the upper-torso, fatness of the waist and abdomen, drooping of the bust and shoulder and hip. In addition, height, girth, depth and width items were decreased in their sizes respectively. 2. The characteristics of clusters were as follows. Type 1 was straight somatotype in which the plumb line through tragion, the bust depth and under bust depth region laterally. Type 2 was swayback somatotype in which the upper portion of protruding point on the back was bent forward but the lower portion of protruding point had a characteristics of turning over somatotype. Type 3 was bending somatotype. Namely, this type was shorter than average and below the average fatness. Generally, the lateral view silhouette of elderly women was the straight type and changed into bending type as the age increases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.345-346
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• 2008

Most pedestrian-vehicle crashes involve frontal impacts, and the vehicle front structures are responsible for most pedestrian injuries. The vehicle bumper contacts the lower legs at first. The leading edge of the hood (bonnet) strikes the proximal upper leg and finally, the head and upper torso hit the top surface of the hood or windscreen. In essence, the pedestrian wraps around the front of the vehicle until pedestrian and vehicle are traveling at the same speed. Since the hood surface is made from sheet metal, it is a relatively compliant structure and does not pose a major risk for severe head trauma. However, serious head injury can occur when the head hits a region of the hood with stiff underlying structures such as engine components. The solution is to provide sufficient clearance between the hood and underlying structures for controlled deceleration of a pedestrian's head. However, considerations of aerodynamic design and styling can make it extremely difficult to alter a vehicle's front end geometry to provide more under-hood space. In this study, the safe hood will be developed by designing new conceptual inner panel in order to decrease the pedestrian's head injuries without changing hood outer geometry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.391-399
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• 2012

This study helps out-size consumers purchase swimsuits and improves fitness by classifying the torso of middle-aged obese women; in addition, it creates a size system based on each size interval for obese types. The criteria for subjects in this study were over 25kg/$m^2$ of the BMI, over 85cm of waist, and over 95cm of bust; 199 females were surveyed. Three torso types were categorized by a cluster analysis into X type (the vertical size of hip girth was the biggest of the three and the waist was slender), H-O type (larger than other groups in bust girth with more fat above the circumstance of the abdomen), and Y type (the upper half of body development type and lower body fatness were between those of type X and those of type H-O). As a consequence of size system establishment according to obesity types, the basic body sizes and reference body sizes were different according to types even in commonly-appeared size names at sections of respective types. The research findings show the necessity to understand obesity types according to bust girth and hip girth sizes that represent basic sizes as well as to design patterns in consideration of the characteristics of obese body shapes when swimsuits are designed for obese groups. The findings can be used as basic data to decide the desirable output of production according to respective body types.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.17-29
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• 2009

Due to rapid economic growth and accelerated urbanization, numerous cities in China have been turning into huge consumption markets almost simultaneously, and thus, the Chinese apparel markets being globalized are most vigorous in the world, attracting attention from the world apparel industries. If the Korean apparel businesses should develop the products befitting the conditions of the Chinese apparel markets and reflecting her consumers' fashion trends and needs, their apparels would be satisfactory enough to Chinese consumers, being competitive in the Chinese markets. In this sense, today's Chinese apparel markets may well provide the Korean apparel businesses with both crisis and opportunity. As one of the methods to enhance Chinese consumers' satisfaction with the Korean apparels, the Korean apparel businesses should consider seriously about the apparel fitting or a factor determining apparel silhouettes and sense of wearing. Since Chinese consumers differ widely in terms of body types and measurements depending on regions due to the vast territory, differentiation of the apparel fitting is more important than any other single factor, and thus, correct information about apparel fitting may well be directly related with manufacturing of excellent apparels. The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze the upper body measurements and types of the Chinese and Korean women in their 20's to provide the Korean apparel business engaged in Chinese markets with some basic data about apparel fitting conducive to their development of effective apparel commodities. For this purpose, Chinese women in their 20's living in China's two major cities leading China's women's apparel markets were sampled.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.179-188
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of demographics on body-cathexis and clothing expenditure of elderly men and women. Data were obtained from 50 men and 58 men and 58 women aged 55 years and older through an mail survey. Body-cathexis consisted of five areas of body parts: head/upper body, lower body, height, weight, and torso. Clothing expenditure was measured by the total dollar value of annual personal expenditures on personal apparel, including accessories, such as shoes, and clothing services. Demographics included income, age, education, sex, marital status, and social participation. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results showed that there were relationships between body-cathexis and four demographic variables(income, sex, education, and social participation). Elderly men were more satisfied with their bodies than were elderly women. The subjects with higher income, education, and social participation had a higher degree of body satisfaction. Also, there was a significant relationship between income and clothing expenditure.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.391-397
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• 2000

The purpose of the present research is to determine, for a sample of female college students, the effects of body-cathexis and importance of ideal body image on satisfaction with ready-to-wear. The sample included 177 female college students aged from 18 to 25. To measure the variables, an instrument was developed based on previous studies. Body-cathexis and importance of meeting the ideal body image were measured for five areas of body parts; head/upper body, lower body, height, weight, and torso. Satisfaction with ready-to-wear includes satisfaction with the fit at pant length, thighs, hips, waist, bust, and neckline, and with the variety in ready-to-wear. Research hypotheses were tested using multiple regression. The results showed that there was a positive impact of body-cathexis for a specific body area on ready-to-wear satisfaction which is related to the body area. The effect of importance of meeting the ideal body image on ready-to-wear clothing was different in regard to different areas of body parts.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.56-62
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to characterize the somatotype of children and to provide fundamental data for the construction of the dress figure. The subjects for anthropometric measurements were 384 elementary school children aged from 6 to 7 living in Seoul and Pucheon. The data were analyzed statistically according to SPSS/PC ＋ version 3.1. Through the factor analysis, six factors were obtained. The six factors represented the body girth and weight, the height and sleeve length, the trunk length, the shoulder size, the body curvature, and the posture of upper torso, respectively. The subjects were classified into six clusters. Among the six clusters, four clusters covered about 95.9% of the whole subjects were determined as the sources of fundamental data for the children's dress figure.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.165-171
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of body-cathexis and importance of meeting the ideal cody image on clothing style preferences. Body-cathexis and importance of meeting the ideal body image were measured for five areas of body parts: head/upper body, lower body, height, weight and torso. Clothing style preferences consisted of clothing preferences for sexy styles, waist emphasis, tight fit, and dark colors. The results showed that there were significant effects of body-cathexis and importance of meeting the ideal body image on clothing style preferences.