• Design Convergence Study
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.177-190
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• 2017

This research aims to suggest a multimodal non-touch gesture interface design to improve the usability of 3D sculpting task. The task and procedure of design sculpting of users were analyzed across multiple circumstances from the physical sculpting to computer software. The optimal body posture, design process, work environment, gesture-task relationship, the combination of natural hand gesture and arm movement of designers were defined. The preliminary non-touch 3D S/W were also observed and natural gesture interaction, visual metaphor of UI and affordance for behavior guide were also designed. The prototype of gesture based 3D sculpting system were developed for validation of intuitiveness and learnability in comparison to the current S/W. The suggested gestures were proved with higher performance as a result in terms of understandability, memorability and error rate. Result of the research showed that the gesture interface design for productivity system should reflect the natural experience of users in previous work domain and provide appropriate visual - behavioral metaphor.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2024

In nursing education, there has been efforts for enhancing the quality, with a growing interest in the utilization of digital technologies. In clinical training of nursing curriculum, the emphasis on digital technology is pronounced, as it has the potential to offer learners effective and accessible educational experience while enabling the integrated management of individualized learning outcomes. This study developed a digital nursing education platform, allowing educators and learners to select functionalities based on the educational content and characteristics of the learning tools. Additionally, the user interface was designed to facilitate learners' accurate understanding and execution of assigned tasks and objectives. The detailed design and implementation process of the platform are elaborated and then the validation of its usefulness was provided based on feedback from ten educators who are responsible for diverse subjects. The high usability of the digital nursing practicum education platform was confirmed, with potential implications for significant improvements in learner performance. The potential of this digital platform is to lead to innovative shifts in educational methodologies within the field of integrative nursing education.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.59-76
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• 2014

The revolution of smart media such as smart phone, smart TV and tablets has brought easiness for people to get contents and related information anywhere and anytime. The characteristics of the smart media have changed user behavior for watching the contents from passive attitude into active one. Video is a kind of multimedia resources and widely used to provide information effectively. People not only watch video contents, but also search for related information to specific objects appeared in the contents. However, people have to use extra views or devices to find the information because the existing video contents provide no information through the contents. Therefore, the interaction between user and media is becoming a major concern. The demand for direct interaction and instant information is much increasing. Digital media environment is no longer expected to serve as a one-way information service, which requires user to search manually on the internet finding information they need. To solve the current inconvenience, an interactive service is needed to provide the information exchange function between people and video contents, or between people themselves. Recently, many researchers have recognized the importance of the requirements for interactive services, but only few services provide interactive video within restricted functionality. Only cooking domain is chosen for an interactive cooking video query service in this research. Cooking is receiving lots of people attention continuously. By using smart media devices, user can easily watch a cooking video. One-way information nature of cooking video does not allow to interactively getting more information about the certain contents, although due to the characteristics of videos, cooking videos provide various information such as cooking scenes and explanation for each recipe step. Cooking video indeed attracts academic researches to study and solve several problems related to cooking. However, just few studies focused on interactive services in cooking video and they still not sufficient to provide the interaction with users. In this paper, an interactive cooking video query service system with linked data to provide the interaction functionalities to users. A linked recipe schema is used to handle the linked data. The linked data approach is applied to construct queries in systematic manner when user interacts with cooking videos. We add some classes, data properties, and relations to the linked recipe schema because the current version of the schema is not enough to serve user interaction. A web crawler extracts recipe information from allrecipes.com. All extracted recipe information is transformed into ontology instances by using developed instance generator. To provide a query function, hundreds of questions in cooking video web sites such as BBC food, Foodista, Fine cooking are investigated and analyzed. After the analysis of the investigated questions, we summary the questions into four categories by question generalization. For the question generalization, the questions are clustered in eleven questions. The proposed system provides an environment associating UI (User Interface) and UX (User Experience) that allow user to watch cooking videos while obtaining the necessary additional information using extra information layer. User can use the proposed interactive cooking video system at both PC and mobile environments because responsive web design is applied for the proposed system. In addition, the proposed system enables the interaction between user and video in various smart media devices by employing linked data to provide information matching with the current context. Two methods are used to evaluate the proposed system. First, through a questionnaire-based method, computer system usability is measured by comparing the proposed system with the existing web site. Second, the answer accuracy for user interaction is measured to inspect to-be-offered information. The experimental results show that the proposed system receives a favorable evaluation and provides accurate answers for user interaction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.124-137
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• 2020

The need for customized products has also been increasing as more active consumers consume according to their values in recent years. Accordingly, fashion customizing web is becoming popular, but because custom freedom is low, we want to increase custom freedom by applying knitwear. To this end, a theoretical review was conducted through prior research and literature research on customization, knit design, and GUI, and based on this, a case analysis was conducted focusing on knit-making programs and fashion customizing web. Knit designs have more considerations than other fashion design process, resulting in more UIs, so users should use visual elements that are easily recognizable. Therefore, a draft assessment item was derived based on the preceding survey and three Delphi surveys were conducted on experts based on the draft. Each item was modified and deleted during the Delphi research process to produce the Custom Knitware Web GUI Design Guide. Through this study, we were able to identify the need for intuitive understanding and application of knit custom functions in GUI design of custom knitwear web. Through this research, it is expected that this data will be used to improve the usability of custom knitwear websites and to refer to knit design fields that utilize knit machines.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2016

There have been many studies on subject tests for 3D contents using 3D glasses, but there is a limited research for 3D contents using autostereoscopic display. In this study, we investigated to assess usability of electroencephalogram (EEG) as an objective evaluation for 3D contents with different quality using autosteroscopic display, especially for lenticular lens type. The image with optimal quality and the image with distorted quality were separately generated for autostereosopic display with lenticular lens type and displayed sequentially through lenticular lens for 26 subjects. EEG signals of 8 channels from 26 subjects exposed to those images were detected and correlation between EEG signal and the quality of 3D images were statistically evaluated to check differences between optimal and distorted 3D contents. What we found was that there was no statistical significance for a wave vibration, however b wave vibration shows statistically significant between optimal and distorted 3D contents. b wave vibration observed for the distorted 3D image was stronger than that for the optimal 3D image. This results suggest that subjects viewing the distorted 3D contents through lenticular lens experience more discomfort or fatigue than those for the optimum 3D contents, which resulting in the greater b wave activity for those watching the distorted 3D contents. In conclusion, these results confirm that electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis can be used as a tool for objective evaluation of 3D contents using autosteroscopic display with lenticular lens type.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.138-152
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• 2020

We investigated the Riparian floras in Hwangjicheon stream from April 2017 to October 2019. 223 taxa (i.e. 203 species, 2 subspecies,18 varieties from 158 genera of 65 families) of the vasclur plants were found in Hwangjicheon stream. Among 223 taxa, we found 4 endemic species, and However, rare and endangered plants were not found in Hwangjicheon stream. The number of floristic regional indicator plants was 22 (i.e. 3 species of IV degree, 4 taxa of III degree, 7 taxa of II degree, and 8 taxa of I degree). In addition, 28 naturalized plants were identified, and the percentage of Naturalized Index (NI) and Urbanization Index (UI) were 12.5%, and 8.7%, respectively. Vascular plant usability and reclassification result is Edible 166 species (74.4%), Medicinal 187 species (83.8%), Flavor 9 species (4.0%), Industrial 99 species (44.3%), Ornamental 106 species (47.5%), Restoration 84 species (37.6%), Compost 112 species (50.2%), Unknown 5 species (2.2%). We hope that our results provide reference data to set up strategy of conservation of biodiversity in the Hwangjicheon stream and Taebaek-si areas.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.8
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• pp.555-564
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• 2013

Innovative evolution in mobile devices along with recent spread of Tablet PCs and Smart Phones makes a new change not only in individual life but also in enterprise applications. Especially, in the case of medium-large mobile applications for large enterprises which generally takes more than 3 months of development periods, importance and complexity increase significantly. Generally Agile-methodology is used for a development process for the medium-large scale mobile applications, but some issues arise such as high dependency on skilled developers and lack of detail development directives. In this paper, S-MADP (Smart Mobile Application Development Process) is proposed to mitigate these issues. S-MADP is a service oriented development process extending a object-oriented development process, for medium-large scale mobile applications. S-MADP provides detail development directives for each activities during the entire process for defining services as server-based or client-based and providing the way of reuse of services. Also, in order to support various user interfaces, S-MADP provides detail UI development directives. To evaluate the performance of S-MADP, three mobile application development projects were conducted and the results were analyzed. The projects are 'TBS(TB Mobile Service) 3.0' in TB company, mobile app-store in TS company, and mobile groupware in TG group. As a result of the projects, S-MADP accounts for more detailed design information about 'Minimizing the use of resources', 'Service-based designing' and 'User interface optimized for mobile devices' which are needed to be largely considered for mobile application development environment when we compare with existing Agile-methodology. Therefore, it improves the usability, maintainability, efficiency of developed mobile applications. Through field tests, it is observed that S-MADP outperforms about 25% than a Agile-methodology in the aspect of the required man-month for developing a medium-large mobile application.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.516-535
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• 2020

This study was conducted to provide information on local resource plants by identifying aquatic and Riparian flora. We investigated the aquatic and riparian floras in 3 streams(Byeongseong-cheon, Buk-cheon, Oeseo-cheon) from February to October 2019. 321 taxa (i.e. 300 species, 5 subspecies, 15 varieties 1 Cultivars from 203 genera of 78 families) of the vascular plants were found in the survey area. Byeongseong-cheon is 133 taxa, Buk-cheon is 233 taxa and Oeseo-cheon is 132 taxa. Among 321 taxa, we found 5 endemic species, 3 red list plants, and However, endangered plants were not found in 3 streams. Aquatic and Riparian plant 138 taxa(i.e. Aquatic plant 20 taxa, Riparian plant 118 taxa). Life forms is annual plant 43 taxa, biennial plant 24 taxa, perennial plant 71 taxa. Aquatic plant growth forms emergent hydrophyte 13 taxa, floating leaved hydrophyte 1 taxa, submerged hydrophyte 6 taxa. The number of floristic regional indicator plants was 15 (i.e. 1 species of IV degree, 3 taxa of III degree, 5 taxa of II degree, and 6 taxa of I degree). Approved foreign export plants 31 taxa. In addition, 52 naturalized plants were identified, and the percentage of Naturalized Index (NI) and Urbanization Index (UI) were 16.1%, and 16.2%, respectively. Vascular plant usability and reclassification result is Edible 213 species (66%), Medicinal 244 species (76%), Flavor 10 species (3%), Industrial 136 species (42%), Ornamental 137 species (36%), Restoration 117 species (36%), Compost 155 species (48%), Unknown 7 species (5%). We hope that our results provide reference data to set up strategy of resources plants, conservation of biodiversity in the 3 streams and Sangju-si areas.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2018

Image data collected by an airborne hyperspectral camera system have a great usability in coastal line mapping, detection of facilities composed of specific materials, detailed land use analysis, change monitoring and so forh in a complex coastal area because the system provides almost complete spectral and spatial information for each image pixel of tens to hundreds of spectral bands. A few approaches after classifying by a few approaches based on SAM(Spectral Angle Mapper) supervised classification were applied for extracting optimal land cover information from hyperspectral images acquired by CASI-1500 airborne hyperspectral camera on the object of a coastal area which includes both land and sea water areas. We applied three different approaches, that is to say firstly the classification approach of combined land and sea areas, secondly the reclassification approach after decompostion of land and sea areas from classification result of combined land and sea areas, and thirdly the land area-only classification approach using atmospheric correction images and compared classification results and accuracies. Land cover classification was conducted respectively by selecting not only four band images with the same wavelength range as IKONOS, QuickBird, KOMPSAT and GeoEye satelllite images but also eight band images with the same wavelength range as WorldView-2 from 48 band hyperspectral images and then compared with the classification result conducted with all of 48 band images. As a result, the reclassification approach after decompostion of land and sea areas from classification result of combined land and sea areas is more effective than classification approach of combined land and sea areas. It is showed the bigger the number of bands, the higher accuracy and reliability in the reclassification approach referred above. The results of higher spectral resolution showed asphalt or concrete roads was able to be classified more accurately.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-98
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• 2015

Many TV viewers use mainly portal sites in order to retrieve information related to broadcast while watching TV. However retrieving information that people wanted needs a lot of time to retrieve the information because current internet presents too much information which is not required. Consequentially, this process can't satisfy users who want to consume information immediately. Interactive video is being actively investigated to solve this problem. An interactive video provides clickable objects, areas or hotspots to interact with users. When users click object on the interactive video, they can see additional information, related to video, instantly. The following shows the three basic procedures to make an interactive video using interactive video authoring tool: (1) Create an augmented object; (2) Set an object's area and time to be displayed on the video; (3) Set an interactive action which is related to pages or hyperlink; However users who use existing authoring tools such as Popcorn Maker and Zentrick spend a lot of time in step (2). If users use wireWAX then they can save sufficient time to set object's location and time to be displayed because wireWAX uses vision based annotation method. But they need to wait for time to detect and track object. Therefore, it is required to reduce the process time in step (2) using benefits of manual annotation method and vision-based annotation method effectively. This paper proposes a novel annotation method allows annotator to easily annotate based on face area. For proposing new annotation method, this paper presents two steps: pre-processing step and annotation step. The pre-processing is necessary because system detects shots for users who want to find contents of video easily. Pre-processing step is as follow: 1) Extract shots using color histogram based shot boundary detection method from frames of video; 2) Make shot clusters using similarities of shots and aligns as shot sequences; and 3) Detect and track faces from all shots of shot sequence metadata and save into the shot sequence metadata with each shot. After pre-processing, user can annotates object as follow: 1) Annotator selects a shot sequence, and then selects keyframe of shot in the shot sequence; 2) Annotator annotates objects on the relative position of the actor's face on the selected keyframe. Then same objects will be annotated automatically until the end of shot sequence which has detected face area; and 3) User assigns additional information to the annotated object. In addition, this paper designs the feedback model in order to compensate the defects which are wrong aligned shots, wrong detected faces problem and inaccurate location problem might occur after object annotation. Furthermore, users can use interpolation method to interpolate position of objects which is deleted by feedback. After feedback user can save annotated object data to the interactive object metadata. Finally, this paper shows interactive video authoring system implemented for verifying performance of proposed annotation method which uses presented models. In the experiment presents analysis of object annotation time, and user evaluation. First, result of object annotation average time shows our proposed tool is 2 times faster than existing authoring tools for object annotation. Sometimes, annotation time of proposed tool took longer than existing authoring tools, because wrong shots are detected in the pre-processing. The usefulness and convenience of the system were measured through the user evaluation which was aimed at users who have experienced in interactive video authoring system. Recruited 19 experts evaluates of 11 questions which is out of CSUQ(Computer System Usability Questionnaire). CSUQ is designed by IBM for evaluating system. Through the user evaluation, showed that proposed tool is useful for authoring interactive video than about 10% of the other interactive video authoring systems.