• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.141-158
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to observe students' eating habits and to evaluate the necessity of high school breakfast service by surveying concerned persons such as high school dietitians, parents, and students to find practical solutions to decrease the breakfast-skipping rate of the high school students in Chungcheong. The data were collected from 75 dietitians, 584 students, and 420 parents. Parents and students participated the survey more positively, and the more monthly income participants' families had, the probability of participation increased by 1.5 times (OR=1.452). Parents suggested that breakfast should be offered at a lower price (1,000~2,000 won) than school lunch, and for the school breakfast cost, they preferred to bear the expense together with schools. For the type of breakfast, the dietitians preferred convenient foodservice (40.0%), the students preferred simple meals such as bread, milk, fruit and salad (3.97), and Kimbap, Joomukbap et al (3.93) rather than Korean traditional foods (3.76) such as rice, soup and side dish. The dietitians answered 'needed' and 'very much needed' to the necessity of breakfast relatively low by 30.7%. As the result of the study, the researchers suggest the execution of school breakfast program should start first for the students who cannot have breakfast at home. Moreover, more studies should be conducted to reduce the constantly increasing rate of breakfast-skipping rate of high school students.

• 복식
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• 제61권10호
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• pp.42-54
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• 2011

The study was focused on surveying the cultural identity and the origin of T-shirts, and examining their functions. Six cities were selected to categorize the design motifs of cultural identity appearing in the design of contemporary T-shirts. These cities include a city in France, United Kingdom, Italy, United States and Japan where collections are currently presented at, and also a city in China that has shown a high economic growth as one of the most popular sightseeing cities. Cultural identity was presented in the T-shirts that were examined in this study through diversified design motifs. Motifs used in T-shirt designs to reflect cultural identity included national flags, notable places, letters, names of geographic places, and individuals. A national flag is a motif that signifies national identity and it was used in the front of T-shirts as it is or was just partially used. Also, many world-renowned structures or architectural buildings were applied to T-shirt design. Noted places such as the White House, the Statue of Liberty in the U.S., Tienanmen Square in China and the Eiffel Tower in France were used. The unique characters of language, such as Hangeul in Korea were used as design elements to reflect the structural characteristics of letters. Names of geographic places were used as design elements through the disclosure of the name of a symbolic city or a tourist site in each country. In terms of figures, not only the historical figures or celebrities from each country were used, but the image of bodies and faces that represent each culture were used as well. In addition, this study was used to develop T-shirt designs that reveal the cultural identity of Korea.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2006

This paper develops a complete methodology for the mitigation of ionosphere spatial anomalies by GBAS systems fielded in the Conterminous U.S. (CONUS). It defines an ionosphere anomaly threat model based on validated observations of unusual ionosphere events in CONUS impacting GBAS sites in the form of a linear ‘wave front’ of constant slope and velocity. It then develops a simulation-based methodology for selecting the worst-case ionosphere wave front impact impacting two satellites simultaneously for a given GBAS site and satellite geometry, taking into account the mitigating effects of code-carrier divergence monitoring within the GBAS ground station. The resulting maximum ionosphere error in vertical position (MIEV) is calculated and compared to a unique vertical alert limit, or $VAL_{H2,I}$, that applies to the special situation of worst-case ionosphere gradients. If MIEV exceeds $VAL_{H2,I}$ for one or more otherwise-usable subset geometries (i.e., geometries for which the 'normal' vertical protection level, or $VPL_{H0}$, is less than the 'normal' VAL), the broadcast ${\sigma}_{pr_{-}gnd}$ and/or ${\sigma}_{vig}$ must be increased such that all such potentially-threatening geometries have VPL$_{H0}$ > VAL and thus become unavailable. In addition to surveying all aspects of the methods used to generate the required ${\sigma}_{pr_{-}gnd}$ and ${\sigma}_{vig}$ inflation factors for CONUS GBAS sites, related methods for deriving similar results for GBAS sites outside CONUS are suggested.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2022

GNSS 위성측위시스템의 고도화에 따라 다채널 GNSS 수신기, 다 주파 외장안테나 및 모바일 앱(App)기반 공개형 측위해석 소프트웨어 등 사용자 부문에서도 정확성과 경제성을 반영한 하드웨어 및 운용 소프웨어의 모듈(Module)화가 구현되어 사용자의 목적에 따라 능동적 구성방식(DIY, Do it yourself)의 다채널 GNSS RTK 측위가 가능하다. 특히, Multi-GNSS 위성의 활용 인프라가 확대되고 다양한 모듈의 조합에 따른 활용·확대의 잠재성이 부각되면서 다채널 저가 GNSS 수신기 모듈의 활용에 대한 관심이 점차 높아지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 다양한 형태로 대중시장에 등장하고 있는 다채널 저가 GNSS 수신기를 검토하고 다채널 저가 GNSS 측위 모듈 기반 RTK 측량 시스템(이하, "다채널 GNSS RTK 모듈 측위 시스템")을 구성하여 행정안전부의 "주소정보시설 조사사업"의 활용 방안을 분석하고 활용 가능성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 U-blox사의 F9P 칩셋, 안테나, GNSS 관측자료의 Ntrip 전송 및 RTK 측위용 해석 앱(App) 등 관련 모듈을 스마트폰을 매개로 조합, 저가형 "다채널 GNSS RTK 모듈 측위 시스템"을 구성하고 원형 궤적에 대한 동적측위 실시 및 주소정보시설을 대상으로 정적측위를 수행하였다. 실험대상지 내 고정점 5점을 대상으로 측지용 수신기 정적측량성과와 비교분석한 결과 평균 ± 1.2cm의 표준편차로 양호한 정적측량성과를 획득할 수 있었다. 또한, 드론영상 해석으로 구성한 정사영상 내 원형구조물의 외곽선에 대한 검사점과 저비용 RTK GNSS 수신기의 동적측량 궤적과 비교한 결과, 평균 ± 2.5cm의 표준편차로 매우 근접한 궤적 성과를 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, 주소정보시설에 적용한 결과, 고가의 상업용 측지형 수신기 대비 저렴한 비용으로 공간정보구축의 효용성을 검증할 수 있었으므로 지적분야에서 본 연구에서 구성한 "다채널 GNSS RTK 모듈 측위 시스템"의 다양한 활용성이 기대된다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2017

본 연구대상 디젤기관의 연접봉 볼트, 크랭크 핀 베어링 볼트 등의 손상원인을 조사 분석하기 위하여 수행한 현장검사, 파손부에 대한 시험 및 고찰, 참고문헌 및 연구자의 경험 등을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 파손된 크랭크 핀 베어링 볼트는 연접봉 볼트보다 늦게 파손된 것으로 추정된다. 파손된 연접봉 볼트는 충격적인 하중에 의해서 취성파괴된 것이 아니고, 비정상적인 반복하중(예를 들어 체결 볼트의 풀림 등)에 의해서 피로파괴가 되었다는 것을 그 파단면의 모습을 통하여 알 수 있다. 파손된 연접봉 볼트용 U 너트는 윤활유(고착방지제)의 부적절한 사용, 각 실린더와 연접봉 별로 구분되어 사용되지 않았던 것 등으로 인하여 표면 상태가 불량하게 되었고, 이것은 연접봉 볼트의 파손사고에 영향을 미쳤을 가능성이 있다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 파손된 국내 제작품인 연접봉 볼트와 크랭크 핀 베어링 볼트의 기계적 성질, 전조공정 등은 해당 볼트의 설계요건에 적합하다고 할 수 있다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권41호
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• pp.232-260
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to open a debate about what kind of deterrent strategy the ROK military should pursue in the era of NK's weapons of mass destruction and missile threats. I argue that the ROK military needs a comprehensive deterrent strategy that reflects the international security situations and trends and that builds on clear understanding of the basic concepts and how deterrence operates. The paper starts with surveying the basic knowledge of deterrence from the perspectives of both theory and practice. Then, it provides explanations on why deterrence against NK can be particularly difficult given the security environment in and around the Korean peninsula. For example, South Korea and North Korea hardly share 'common knowledge' that serves as a basic element for the operation of deterrence. Deterrence against North Korea involves complex situations in that both deterrence and compellence strategies may be relevant particularly to North Korea's WMD and missile threats. It also involves both immediate and general deterrence. Based on the discussion, I suggest several ideas that may serve as guidelines for establishing a deterrent strategy against NK. First, our threats for deterrence should be the ones that can be realized, particularly in terms of the international norms. In other words, they must be considered appropriate among other nations in the international community. Second, there should be separate plans for the different kinds of threats: one is conventional, local provocations and the other is WMD/missile related provocations. Third, we should pursue much closer cooperative relations with the U.S. military to enhance the effectiveness of immediate deterrence in the Korean peninsula. Fourth, the ROK military should aim to accomplish 'smart deterrence' maximizing the benefits of technological superiority. Fifth, the ROK military readiness and structure should be able to deny emerging North Korean military threats such as the submarine-launched ballistic missiles and intercontinental ballistic missiles. Lastly, in executing threats, we should consider that the current action influences credibility and reputation of the ROK, which in turn affect the decisions for future provocations. North Korea's WMD/missile threats may soon become critical strategic-level threats to South Korea. In retrospect, the first debate on building a missile defense system in South Korea dates back to the 1980s. Mostly the debate has centered on whether or not South Korea's system should be integrated into the U.S. missile defense system. In the meantime, North Korea has become a small nuclear power that can threaten the United States with the ballistic missiles capability. If North Korea completes the SLBM program and loads the missiles on a submarine with improved underwater operation capability, then, South Korea may have to face the reality of power politics demonstrated by Thucydides through the Athenians: "The strong do what they have the power to do, the weak accept what they have to accept."

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2015

본 연구는 NTRIP 기반 보정서비스를 활용한 저가 GPS 수신기의 실시간 측량방법별 정적 및 동적 측위 정확도를 제시한 내용이다. 이를 위해 u-blox사의 LEA 6T GPS 수신 자료와 GNSS 상시관측소의 보정 정보를 NTRIP 캐스터를 매개로 RTKNAVI 공개용 GNSS 해석 툴에 실시간 연계하여 6가지 측량방법(Single, SBAS, DGPS, PPP, RTK, TCP/IP_RTK)으로 위치 정확도를 비교하였다. 정적 실험모형의 적용결과, GPS L1 RTK 측량의 위치오차 평균 및 표준편차는 $N=0.002m{\pm}0.001m$, $E=0.004m{\pm}0.001m$, $h=-0.116m{\pm}0.003m$로서 정밀상대측위 좌표에 근접한 성과를 구현할 수 있었다. 특히, 동적 실험모형에서도 도로 주변 장애물의 영향은 있지만, 모호정수가 고정된 구간의 경우, VRS Network RTK 측량 궤적에 근접한 주행궤적을 보였다. 또한, TCP/IP_RTK 측량용 기준국을 구성하고 정적측량의 활용성을 검토하였다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2011

본 연구는 4대 강 전체에 대한 현황을 파악하고 행정적 관리체계 지원을 위하여 첨단 공간정보기술인 GIS(Geographic Information System), RS(Remote Sensing), GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System), 항공레이저측량(LiDAR)과 실시간 네트워크 기술을 융합하여 3차원 영상 GIS기반 하천현장 정보시스템을 개발하였다. 3차원 영상 GIS기반 하천 현장 정보시스템은 25cm의 고해상 항공사진과 항공레이저측량 및 수심측량자료를 획득하여 4대강 중 선도 사업지역인 영산강(榮山江) 전체에 대한 정밀 공간정보를 표출하고 GNSS를 이용한 실시간 이동물체에 대한 위치좌표 트래킹기법과 연계하여 헬기, 배, 버스 등 이동수단 상에서 현장을 모니터링을 할 수 있는 기법을 개발하였다. 이를 통하여 4대강 현장에 대한 모든 정보를 한눈에 모니터링 할 수 있어 넓은 현장에 대한 사실적 설명과 국민적 신뢰성 확보 뿐만 아니라 4대 강 살리기 사업의 홍보 및 보고를 통하여 하천 현장업무상의 의사지원 체계 마련이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2008

치위생 전공자와 일반 학생의 구강건강실태를 비교 분석하고 구강보건교육의 필요성을 알아보기 위해 서울과 광주 지역의 2개 대학을 대상으로 2006년 6월부터 2007년 5월까지 자기 기입식 설문지를 배부 조사하였다. 수집된 자료를 통한 비교 분석으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 구강건강 관리 실태를 조사한 결과, 칫솔질 횟수에서는 치위생 전공자들은 3회가 가장 많았고, 일반 학생들은 2회가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났으며(p < 0.01), 칫솔질 시간은 치위생 전공자들이 1-2분, 3분, 4분 이상 순으로 나타났고, 일반 학생들은 1-2분, 3분, 1분 미만 순으로 나타났다(p < 0.05). 2. 스켈링에 대한 인식에 대해 살펴본 결과, 스켈링 경험은 치위생 전공자들의 경우 "경험이 있다"가 50.9%로 가장 많았고, 일반 학생들은 "경험이 없다"가 56.8%로 가장 많았다(p < 0.001). 3. 구강보건 교육을 받은 경험에 대해 살펴본 결과, 치위생 전공자들은 경험이 있는 경우가 많았고, 일반 학생들은 경험이 없는 경우가 많았다(p < 0.001). 이상의 결과를 살펴볼 때, 전반적인 구강건강관리 실태는 구강보건교육의 경험이 많은 치위생 전공자가 일반 학생보다 양호한 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 통해 수업시간에 계속적으로 구강보건교육을 받고 실시요령을 익히는 사람들에게서 직접적인 구강건강관리가 달라지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이에 일반학생들에게도 구강보건에 관한 교육의 기회를 확대시켜야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.5-18
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• 1999

The aim of this study is the development of a fee - based model day care center for the elderly by inquiring into the current condition of facilities in America and in Korea, and in surveying the opinion of domestic elderly about day care facilities. A field trip to U.S. day care services was held between July 5 and July 15 in 1997, and an on-the-spot study for domestic facilities took place during March in 1998. Our research reveals that the overall supply of day care facilities can not meet future demand in terms of quality and quantity. Therefore a model must be created for day care centers of a that consists of a director from a professional group. an adequate environment, and a standardized in order to offer a qualified public health service linked to the home and community in Korea. The director of a day care center is a critical variable in determining the quality of service. Professional skills related to the needs of the elderly and the person's quality of service should be considered in appointing director for the center. This study belleves that a professional nurse should be the director of a day care center. The operating environment of a day care facility should be made up of considerable space comparable to the number of residents, should be in a comfortable and safe location, and should have equipment that provides a qualified, safe service to the elderly. Our model is designed for 20 persons and allocates 4 Peng per person. This model is comprised of a reading room. a craft room, a health room, a room for physical therapy, a dining room, a staff office, and a multi -purpose room connected to other rooms. Day care service should be a comprehensive service program meeting the multidimensional needs of the elderly. A comprehensive service program needs a team of various professionals made up of the elderly family, participants, nurses, social workers, physical therapists, nutritionists, and medical doctors. The program will also include health care service, physical therapy, speech therapy. diet, occupational therapy, transportation service, health and an education program, etc. In conclusion, a model of a day care center is developed with the following components: a professional director and an environment and program, that considers the physical, mental, and social characteristics of the elderly. A model should also motivate self-reliance self-fulfillment in the elderly in order to fulfill their health needs and to prevent isolation from society and mental depression. Furthermore, This facility will be a beneficial factor in reducing a family's burden on caring for the elderly that includes unnecessary hospital expenses. The following is a suggestion based on results this study: A service program should be developed to fit the conditions of the elderly in Korea by specifically analyzing the needs of the elderly.