• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2023

Background: This study aims to reevaluate natural radiation exposure, following up on our previous study conducted in 2019, and to assess the associated risk of lung cancer to the public residing in the gold mining areas of Betare-Oya, east Cameroon, and its vicinity. Materials and Methods: Gamma-ray spectra collected using a 7.62 cm×7.62 cm in NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer during a car-borne survey, in situ measurements and laboratory measurements performed in previous studies were used to determine the outdoor absorbed dose rate in air to evaluate the annual external dose inhaled by the public. For determining internal exposure, radon gas concentrations were measured and used to estimate the inhalation dose while considering the inhalation of radon and its decay products. Results and Discussion: The mean value of the laboratory-measured outdoor gamma dose rate was 47 nGy/hr, which agrees with our previous results (44 nGy/hr) recorded through direct measurements (in situ and car-borne survey). The resulting annual external dose (0.29±0.09 mSv/yr) obtained is similar to that of the previous study (0.33±0.03 mSv/yr). The total inhalation dose resulting from radon isotopes and their decay products ranged between 1.96 and 9.63 mSv/yr with an arithmetic mean of 3.95±1.65 mSv/yr. The resulting excess lung cancer risk was estimated; it ranged from 62 to 216 excess deaths per million persons per year (MPY), 81 to 243 excess deaths per MPY, or 135 excess deaths per MPY, based on whether risk factors reported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of Atomic Radiation, or International Commission on Radiological Protection were used, respectively. These values are more than double the world average values reported by the same agencies. Conclusion: There is an elevated level of risk of lung cancer from indoor radon in locations close to the Betare-Oya gold mining region in east Cameroon. Therefore, educating the public on the harmful effects of radon exposure and considering some remedial actions for protection against radon and its progenies is necessary.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1985

항생제인 Spiramycin과 Virginiamycin의 성장촉진 효과를 측정하기 위하여 총 360수의 육용계 (broiler chicken) 초생추를 battery에 수용하여 각각 6주씩 2차에 걸친 사양시험과 4일간의 대사시험을 실시하였다. 1차 실험에서는 고단백(21.9%), 고열량( 3159kca1/kg) 사료를 사용하였으며 180수의 숫병아리를 10수씩 무첨가구 Spiramycin(5ppm)구 및 Virginiamycin(5ppm)구에 각각 6반복씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 2차실험에서는 중단백( 19,95%), 중열량(2931 kca1/kg) 사료를 사용하고 90수의 숫병아리와 90수의 암병아리를 10수씩 분리하여 처리당 암ㆍ수 각각 3 반복씩 배치하였다. 사양시험을 통하여 얻어진 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료효율 및 폐사율은 처리구간에 통계적 유의차가 없었으나 1, 2차 실험 공히 항생제 B구가 무처리구(1차실험) 또는 항생제 A구(2차실험) 보다 약 3% 높은 증체량을 나타내었다. 사료효율에 있어서도 항생제 B구가 가장 좋은 경향을 보여주었다. 2차실험의 결과에 의하면 증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료효율에 있어서 암수간에는 유의한(p〈0.01) 차이가 있었다. 대사시험결과 항생제 B구가 타처리구보다 영양소 이용률이 높은 경향을 나타내었으며 특히 1차 실험에 있어서 조지방의 이용률은 타처리에 비해 유의하게 (p〈0.01) 높았고 조섬유이용률도 항생제 A구에 비해 유의하게 (p〈0.05) 높았다. 한편 대사체중당 소장의 무게와 길이는 항생제 B구가 타처리구에 비해 무겁고 긴 경향을 보여주었다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.125-143
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• 2018

본 연구는 한농대 학생들의 장기현장실습장의 지리적 정보와 현장실습을 마친 한농대 3학년 학생들을 대상으로 실습장의 주거환경만족도에 대한 조사를 실시한 결과이다. 도상연구에 의하면 실습농장으로부터 학생들의 불만이 많았던 편리성 시설이나 안전성과 보건관련 시설까지의 평균 거리는 약 12km, 사회공공시설까지의 거리는 약 4.4km.로 나타났다. 학생들은 실습기간 중 '교통 이용의 편리성'과 '상업·편의시설과의 접근성' 등 편리성에 관련된 요인이 가장 큰 불만요인으로 조사되었으며, 여학생의 경우에는 '건물 방범 및 보안상태'에 대한 안전성 요인이 불만요인으로 나타났다. 시설 및 구조, 편리성, 안전성, 쾌적성, 사회성 등 5개 영역에서 주거 만족도 수준은 만족 수준에 도달하지 못했으며, 여학생의 경우에는 안전성과 편리성 영역에서 보통 이하의 만족도로 보였다. 학과별로는 말산업학과와 화훼학과가 다른 학과들보다 낮은 보통 이하의 만족도를 보였다. 주거유형별로는 주인세대와 함께 생활하는 경우의 만족도가 다른 유형보다 높았으며, 주거구조별로는 조립식 또는 컨테이너 구조의 만족도가 다른 구조보다 낮게 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2024

산딸기, 치자, 유백피의 혼합물인 복합 천연물 LS-RUG-com이 위염, 위궤양, 식도성 역류염 및 Helicobacter를 억제함을 확인한 바, LS-RUG-com을 건강기능식품 개별인정형 소재로 개발하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 소재 개발을 위한 LS-RUG-com 분석방법을 확립하고자 하였으며, 산딸기, 치자 및 유백피의 지표물질을 HPLC/UV system을 이용하여 분석방법을 최적화하였다. 본 연구에서는 분석법 validation을 입증하기 위하여 특이성(specificity), 정확성(accuracy), 정밀성(precision), 검출한계 및 정량한계(detection & quantitation limit) 및 직선성(linearity)을 평가하였으며, 그 결과 본 연구의 HPLC/UV 동시 분석법이 산딸기, 치자 분석에 적합하며, 신뢰성이 있음을 증명하였다. 또한 유백피의 HPLC/UV 단독 분석법이 적합하며 신뢰성이 있음을 증명하였다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2023

Purpose: In patients with glufosinate poisoning, severe neurological symptoms may be closely related to a poor prognosis, but their appearance may be delayed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score could predict the neurological prognosis in patients with glufosinate poisoning who present to the emergency room with alert mental status. Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively through a chart review for patients over 18 years who presented to a single emergency medical center from January 2018 to December 2022 due to glufosinate poisoning. Patients were divided into groups with a good neurological prognosis (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] Scale 1 or 2) and a poor prognosis (CPC Scale 3, 4, or 5) to identify whether any variables showed significant differences between the two groups. Results: There were 66 patients (67.3%) with good neurological prognoses and 32 (32.8%) with poor prognoses. In the multivariate logistic analysis, the APACHE II score, serum amylase, and co-ingestion of alcohol showed significant results, with odds ratios of 1.387 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.027-1.844), 1.017 (95% CI, 1.002-1.032), and 0.196 (95% CI, 0.040-0.948), respectively. With an APACHE II score cutoff of 6.5, the AUC was 0.826 (95% CI, 0.746-0.912). The cutoff of serum amylase was 75.5 U/L, with an AUC was 0.761 (95% CI, 0.652-0.844), and the AUC of no co-ingestion with alcohol was 0.629 (95% CI, 0.527-0.722). Conclusion: The APACHE II score could be a useful indicator for predicting the neurological prognosis of patients with glufosinate poisoning who have alert mental status.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.339-353
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• 2024

비율자료와 같이 반응변수가 제한된 구간에 속하는 경우 비대칭성이나 이분산성의 문제들로 인해 정규성 가정을 기반으로 하는 회귀모형의 적용은 부정확한 결과가 도출될 수 있다. 이러한 경우 대안으로 베타회귀모형이 고려된다. 베타회귀모형은 베타분포를 평균과 정밀도 모수로 재모수화 하였을 때, 반응변수가 베타분포를 따른다는 가정하에 평균과 정밀도에 대한 하위모형을 갖는 회귀모형으로 자료의 이분산성을 쉽게 고려할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지 실증분석에서 비율자료에 베타회귀모형을 적합하여 분석하고자 한다. 특히, 제6기 국민 건강조사자료를 통해 흡연율과 커피 섭취와의 연관성을, COVID-19 자료를 기반으로 미국의 지역 특성들과 누적 사망률의 연관성을 고찰한다. 각 분석에서는 보통최소제곱 회귀모형과 베타회귀모형 및 확장된 베타회귀모형을 적용하여 최적의 모형을 선택하고 결과를 해석한다. 분석의 결과는 비율자료에서 베타회귀모형 및 확장된 베타회귀모형 적용의 적절성을 입증한다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.212-228
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• 2001

This is a cross-sectional descriptive correlation study that aimed to understand the relationship between the level of sexual contacts during the dates and psycho-social factors in teenage girls who have or had boyfriends. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between sexual contacts and self-esteem and self- assertiveness. The subjects of the study were 6,130 teenage girls who have or had boyfriends. They were selected convienently 12,733 teenage girls from 254 secondary schools located in 7 large cities and 9 provinces in Korea. A structured questionaire was used it included items one general characteristics, the levels of sexual contacts, self-esteem and self-assertiveness. Seven levels of sexual contacts were rated they were holding a hand, putting arms around each other's shoulders, kiss, french kiss, touching breast, petting genitalia, and sexual intercourse during the dates. Self-esteem and self-assertiveness were measured by the "Self-esteem scale" of Rogenberg (1971) and the questionaires developed by S. B. Chang et al(2000), respectively. The self-reported questionaires were collected from October 2, to October 28, 2000 and analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 Program. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, reliability, One-way ANOVA with Duncan method & Scheffe method. The results of the analysis were as follows. 1.An average Percentage of the respondents who have (46.1%) or had (53.9%) boyfriends was 48.1% (n=6,130) and the most common sexual contact during the dates was french kiss (26.7%, n=1,634). While 7.5%(458) of respondents had a sexual intercourse, 13.7%(842) of respondents didn't have any sexual contact during the dates. 2. Distribution of starting point of the first sexual contact demonstrates that 1,950 respondents (31.8%) held partner's hand at the first date and 1,367 respondents (22.3%) put arms around each other's shoulders at the 2nd or 3rd date. Sexual contacts such as kiss, french kiss, touching breast, petting genitalia, or sexual intercourse were experienced mostly at the later than the 10th date. However, surprisingly large number(1.7%) of respondents had genital contact and sexual intercourses at the first date. 3. The means of self-esteem and self-assertiveness socres of the respondents who have or had boyfriends are 27.43$({\pm}4.03)$ and 17.96$({\pm}2.55)$, respectively. The range of scores for self esteem was 10-40, 40 with most self esteem. The range of scores for self assertiveness was 7-21, 21 with most self assertiveness. 4. As sexual contacts proceeded, the means of self-esteem and self-assertiveness values decreased. In detail, the respondents having no or light sexual contacts (kiss, putting arms around each other's shoulder, holding a hand) had similar self-esteem values($p{\leq}0.05$). However, ones having relatively intensive sexual contacts (french kiss, touching breast) showed significantly lower self-esteem values($p{\leq}0.05$). Same trend has been obtained for self-assertiveness value. 5. The higher values of self-esteem and self-assertiveness values the respondents had, the later they started the moderate sexual contact (kiss, french kiss) during the dates. Interestingly, among the respondents having intensive sexual contacts (petting genitalia, sexual intercourse) during the dates, those who experienced the such contacts at the first date or later than 10th date have higher self-esteem and self-assertiveness values than one experienced the such contacts during the 2nd$\sim$9th dates, giving U-shape curve. 6. There was a significant relationship between self-esteem and self-assertiveness in girls who have or had boyfriends($P{\leq}.001$). In conclusion, the research shows that self-esteem and self-assertiveness values are significantly related with the sexual contacts of the teenage girls who have or had boyfriends. These results strongly suggest that proper sex education program for teenage girls should contain the program on improving the self-esteem and self-assertiveness. We believe that sex education program is the one of the best ways to prevent the unwanted sexual contacts and pregnancy of teenage girls.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 1980

The medical care insurance system, being put into practice nearly for three years, seem to have brought about some considerable problems as serious for the government as to consider a revision of that system. As one of the most serious problems of present system, the treatment cost of insurance patients is so remarkably low in comparison with than of non-insurance cases that normal operation of hospitals is threatened and care services of low quality are induced. The researcher carried out this survey to analyze and bring to light several aspects of treatment cost of non-insurance patients as a material for a re-assessment of the cost of insurance cases which shows a a considerable difference in amount at the standpoint of hospitals with than of non-insurance cases and further, hoping the significant blind spot of present insurance system(that is, the absence of regulations' for cost assessment by patterns or types of health care treatment) will be mended in near future. The survey was carried out with the treatment invoice sheets of total 902 in-hospital Patients of a general hospital in Seoul during the period of the 2 nd quarter of the year(1979). Among total 902 patients, 694 cases were used for analysis, because those disease or syndromes shared by less than 10% of the patients were put aside before procession. The data were analyzed by kinds or types of diseases, demographic characteristics of patients, hospitalization patterns, types of nursing treatment, etc. The result of analysis was as follows 1. Among all the non-insurance cases, those who received one or more kinds of nursing treatment mounted up to 96. 7 ％. The invoice issue frequency per person was 7.2 times, while that frequency per day for a person was 0.8, : the treatment cosr per person was ￦22,650 while its daily average was ￦2,430, due to the average 9.3 in-hospital days per person. 2. As to the nursing treatment types by the demographic characteristics of patients and hospitalization patterns. a. The unit cost female patients was generally more expensive them that of males, and independent nursing service was more given than other types of treatment. As to age, higher age groups received independent nursing service most, while the youngest group received instrumental and integrated nursing services. b. As to room grade, the unit cost of I.C.U. cases was the highest : and the cast of private room patients was higher than that of public room patients. By in-hospital days, the curve of function showed L. type : that is, the longer stay, the lower function. 3. State of treatment types by kinds of disease were ; a. Dependent nursing service showed comparatively high availability in surgical and neurologic disease and independent nursing service was most received by medical, obstetrical and urological patients, while instrumental and integrated services were most available for respiratory disease and obstetrical and neurologic diseases next. b. The invoice issue frequency per day for a patient was highest in obstetrical disease 3.8 times, and the unit cost(per one invoice sheet) was also highest in obstertrical disease(￦10,880) and next in neurologic cases(￦ 4,690 ). 4. As to the pertained departments. a. Cost amount per person was highest in department of Psychiatries daily cost was highest in obstetrical cases : while the invoice issue frequency was highest in obstetrics and next in pediatrics. b. In departments in need of surgical operation, dependent nursing care was highly availabl : while in internal medicine and obstetrics, independent service was higher. Psychiatrics showed the highest the of integrate nursing while pediatrics and obstetrics higher of instrumental services. The variation co-efficien of treatment cost came out to be relatively in high in special surgery, opthalmology and internal medicine. 5. State of treatment cost by types of nursing behavior was. a. The average frequency of invoice issue was 3.5 (times). Among the type four types of treatment, instrumetal service (4.3) and independent nursing behavior(3.9) showed higher frequency than average respectively. But as to unit cost (per invoice). dependent (￦5,200) and integrated (￦5,340) nursing care services were higher than average and considerably higher than the other two types. b. In repect patient distribution. independent nursing behavior(80.3% ) was the highest and depend ent nursing (31.7% ) the lowest. The variation co-efficient of treatment cost appeared highest in dependent nursing be havior as a whole, and among that, doctor's diagnosis showed the highest coefficient value (100.7). In conclusion, the variaty of treatment cost(treatment itself ) by various characteristics and treatment types pro- that treatment various sort of patients and treatment cost of various types of nursing behavior cannot be uniform. Therefore, to attain the equalization of health care service and its cost both for insurant and non-insurant patients, a more specific provision for assessment of cost should be added to the present medical care insurance system and, in addition, the cost of nursing treatment is desired to be inserted into the treatment invoice.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.239-249
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• 1996

임신기 영양의 중요성이 널리 말려져 있지만, 여러 연구 결과를 보면 미국내 저소득층 임신부들에게서 식이 깎숨의 섭취가 부족한 것으로 나타나고 있다 본 연구에서는 WIC 프호. 프로그램에 참여 자격이 있거나 가입한 임신부른 대상으로 이들의 우유 소비 의향과 실제 소비에 영향은 주는 요인을 알아보고자 하였고, 이를 위해 사회과학에서 유래된 행동 설명 이론인 Theory of Planned Behavior 를 석용하여 이 이 론이 영양행동을 설명하는데 유용한지 조사하였다. 횡단작 survey플 이용하여, 우유 쏘비 의향파 실제 소비, 그라고 요인으로 우유 소비와 관련된 개인의 태도. 주위인과 사회적 영향, 우유 소비와 관게된 통 세력(자신김), 가정내의 우유 배분을 조사하였다 설문지는 112멍익 임신부를 대상으로 개방형 질문과 인터뷰를 통해 작성하였고‘ 본 설문 조사에는 보건소내 산전 관리 클리닉을 방문한 180명의 임신부가 참 여하였다 자료는 주로 증회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였고, 이론에 제시된 비와 같이 우유 소비 의향과 실제 소비에 대한 두가지 다른 모델을 테스트하였다 가정내의 우유 배분 정도는 이 이론내의 construct는 아니지만 우유 소비를 설명하기 위해 조사하였다 연구 결과. 이론내 세 변수, 즉 개인의 태도, 주위인괴 사회적 환경, 통제력 모두 소비 의향과 관련이 있었으며(소비 의향의 36.2% 변동 설명) 이 중 통제력이 소비 의향을 나타내는데 가장 중요했다 또한 이론 에서 제시하는 바와 같이 소비 의향과 통제력은 실제 소비와 유의적으로 관련이 있었으나, 가정내의 우유 배분은 임신부의 우유 소비와 상관이 없었다(실제 소비의 44.6% 변동 설명) 본 연구 결과, 우유 소비 행동에 대해 본인이 느끼고 있는 통제력내지 자신감이 소비 의향과 실제 소비를 설명하는데 매우 중요한 것 으로 나타났으며, 이러한 결과로 볼 때 영양행동올 설명하는데 Theory of Planned Behavior가 유용하다 고 할 수 있다 우유 소비에 대한 통제력은 실제 소비보다는 익향을 설명하는데 그 역할이 더 컸다. 임신부의 우유 소비를 증가시키기 위한 interventions에서는 행동에 대한 통제력의 증가(즉 자선감익 증진), 신념의 변화로 인한 우유 소비에 대한 개인의 태도 변화, 임신부의 행동에 영향을 줄 수 있는 주위인들에게서 식행동이 변화될 수 있게 도움을 구하는 방법등 다양힌 전략을 세우도록 해야 할 것이다

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.82-92
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• 2007

본 연구는 2003년 영산강 수계내 12개 조사지점에서 어류 군집분석, 개체 특성분석 및 생태 건강성 지수(IBI) 산정을 통해 하천의 생물학적 수질을 비교 분석하였다. 12개 조사정점 중 4개 지점은 오염의 영향이 없는 대조군 지점이었고, 나머지 8개 지점은 농공폐수 및 하수처리장 배출수의 영향을 받는 지점이었다. 본 조사수역 12개 지점에서 산정된 평균 생태 건강성 지수(IBI)는 28(n=12, 범위: $18{\sim}44$)로서 U.S. EPA(1993)의 기준에 의거할 때 악화${\sim}$보통상태$(Fair{\sim}poor)$를 보였다. 한편, 대조군 지점(S3, S5, S6, S11)의 평균 생태 건강성 지수는 42(n=4, 변이폭: $38{\sim}44$)로서 양호상태(Good)를 보인 반면, 농공 폐수 및 하수처리장 배출수의 영향을 받는 나머지 8개 지점에서 평균 건강성 지수는 21(n=8, $18{\sim}24$)로서 악화상태(Poor)를 보여 2배 정도의 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 이런 건강도 지수의 지점별 변이는 종 풍부도 지수 및 종 다양도 지수와 거의 일치하였으나,1차 하천인 S11은 불일치하였다. 즉, 하천차수가 낮은 상류의 1차 하천은 종 다양도 혹은 군집 풍부도 지수에 의해 생태건강도가 평가될 경우 하천의 크기를 고려하지 않아 상대적으로 과소평가 되는 것으로 나타났다. 군집 유사도 분석 결과에 따르면, 유사도 수준 80%(p<0.05)에서 지점은 3개 그룹으로 대별되었다. 하나의 그룹은 폐수에 의해 영향을 받는 지점이었고, 나머지 2개의 그룹은 오염에 의해 영향 받지 않는 2개 대조군 그룹으로 대별되었다. 상관도 분석에 따르면, 생물학적 건강성 지수는 내성종의 상대빈도와 역상관 관계(r=-0.899, p<0.001)를 보였으며, 민감종과는 정상관 관계(r=0.890, p<0.001)를 보였다. 이런 결과는 본 수역에서 농공폐수 및 하수처리장 배출수 방류는 하천의 생물학적 수질 악화에 직접적인 영향을 주며, 수자원의 보호를 위해서는 이러한 배출수와 같은 오염원의 관리를 강화해야 한다는 것을 제시한다.