• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2010

In order to improve the availability of phytase and probiotics together, a phytase gene from Aspergillus ficuum has been expressed in Lactobacillus. In this study, the transformed Lactobacillus with phytase gene was fed to pigs to determine its effect on pig production, feed conversion and gut microbes. Forty eight, 60-day-old, castrated pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Pietrain) were assigned to 6 groups, 8 pigs for each group. Group 1 was the control, group 2 was added with chlortetracycline (500 mg/kg), group 3 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of calcium monohydrogen phosphate (CMP, $CaHPO_{4}$) removed, group 4 was added with the natural Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 5 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 6 was added with phytase (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed. The results showed: i) the average daily gain (ADG) was improved in groups 2, 3 and 4 (p<0.05); ii) the diarrhea rates in the groups added with Lactobacillus were lower than in the other groups (p<0.05), in which the transformed Lactobacillus had more effect on reducing digestive disease; iii) the transformed Lactobacillus was most effective in improving the digestibilities of crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), compared with the other groups (p<0.05); iv) Lactobacillus could increase lactic acid bacterium number and ammonia concentrations, and decrease pH values and E. coli number in pig feces (p<0.05); v) the phytase activity in the feces of pigs fed with the transformed Lactobacillus was 133.32 U/g, which was higher than in group 4 (9.58 U/g, p<0.05), and was almost the same as group 6 (135.94 U/g); vi) the transformed Lactobacillus could increase serum concentrations of IgA, triglyceride, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (p<0.05), and had no significant effect on other serum indexes (p>0.05).

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2020

Ovarian cancer is common malignant disease with high mortality in the female. However, lymph node metastasis in the head and neck of ovarian cancer is very rare than in para-aortic, pelvic lymph node. A 49-year-old female patient came to our clinic with a left neck mass. After total thyroidectomy and left selective neck dissection for the cervical neck level II, III, IV, V, VI for ovarian cancer and thyroid cancer, she had already undergone chemotherapy (Paclitaxel+Carboplatin) 18 month ago. CT scan showed only lymph node enlargement in left neck level II. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed a hypermetabolic lesion in same area but no other hypermetabolic lesion, especially in the pelvic and abdominal cavity. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed metastatic carcinoma. The serum level of CA-125 was elevated to 43.8U/mL, whereas other tumor markers (CA 19-9, CEA) were in the normal range. She underwent a revision of selective neck lymph node dissection for the cervical neck levels I, II, and III, and on the review of surgical pathology, metastatic carcinoma was suspected. Thus, we performed immunohistochemical staining for the tissue; as a result, it was finally diagnosed as metastatic ovarian cancer (positive for CK7, ER and PR, and negative for CK20). Adjuvant chemotherapy (Paclitaxel+Carboplatin) was planned on the tumor board, and the patient successfully received chemotherapy.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.800-808
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• 1999

To compare several porcelains made by various manufacturers in shrinkage after firing and investigate the effect of condensation on shrinkage, specimens were prepared and the volume of each body was measured by the phase-shifting profilometry. Baseplate wax was cut by $2.5cm{\times}2cm$ and cast in nonprecious metal(Verabond, U.S.A.), then any surfaces of specimens were abrased and polished on the SiC abrasing papers, preparing 120 specimens. Specimens were divided into six groups according to the porcelain used, and the porcelain used in each group were as follows. Group I : Ceramco dentin porcelain Group B : Creation dentin porcelain Group III : Creation margin porcelain Group IV : Vintage margin porcelain Group V : Vita dentin porcelain Group VI : Vintage dentin porcelain Porcelain was built up on the metal plates using a small spoon and then solution matching to each porcelain was added. The six groups are subdivided into a and b. In subgroup a, only excessive solution was absorbed with tissue and in subgroup b, porcelain was condensed sufficiently. When build-up was completed, the shape was measured using the phase-shifting profilometry. After that, specimens were fired in the furnace programed for each porcelain and then their changed shape were measured again. Using the difference between the two above measurements, the ratio of shrinkage was calculated. Obtained results were as follows ; 1. Regardless of condensation, the volume of fired specimens were not different significantly between the two subgroups a and b in the same group. 2. The ratios of shrinkage were significantly higher in the groups porcelain built-up was condensed than in the groups not condensed 3. The ratios of shrinkage were in the range of 36.81-27.19% in the groups porcelain built up was condensed and 44.52-37.54% in the other groups not condensed.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.80.2-80.2
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• 2012

홀로 고립되어 존재하는 은하는 주변 은하와 상호작용을 하지 않은 채 진화하므로 은하의 진화를 연구하기에 아주 좋은 대상이다. 은하의 정량적 연구를 위해 꼭 알아야 하는 중요한 물리량으로 거리와 성간소광량이 있다. 우리는 허블 우주망원경(HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys(ACS)/High Resolution Channel(HRC)로 관측한 고립된 왜소불규칙은하 NGC 1156 ($RA_{2000}$=02:59:42.19, $DEC_{2000}$=+25:14:14.2) 중심부($26^{\prime\prime}{\times}29^{\prime\prime}$)의 archive 자료를 분석하여 이 은하의 거리와 성간소광량을 새로 구했다. 이 은하의 거리를 측정한 과거 자료는 Tully(1988, Nearby Galaxies Catalog) 목록과 Special Astrophysical Observatory 6m 망원경/VI(각 300s) 영상자료의 가장 밝은 별로 거리를 구한 Karachentsev et al. (1996) 자료 뿐이다. 우리는 HST/ACS/HRC+UBVI 자료 중 U자료를 이용하여 아주 신뢰할 만한 소광량 값($E(B-V)=0.35{\pm}0.05$)을 얻었고, 가장 밝은 빨간 별과 파란 별 자료를 이용하여 새로운 거리지수($(m-M)_0=29.39{\pm}0.20$, $d=7.6{\pm}0.7$ Mpc)를 결정했다. 이 거리 값은 과거의 값들(Tully $6.4{\pm}1.2$ Mpc; Karachentsev et al. $7.8{\pm}0.5$ Mpc)과 크게 다르지 않으며, 기존의 거리 자료들 역시 신뢰할만함을 보여준다. ACS/Wide Field Channel과 달리 ACS/HRC의 경우 등급 표준화 방정식이 완벽하지 않은데, 우리의 경우 F550M자료를 표준화할 수 없었다. 그러나 우리는 여러 파장, 많은 관측자료가 존재하는 47 Tucanae (NGC 104) 구상성단의 관측자료와 Padova 등연령곡선을 이용하여 성공적인 등급변환을 수행할 수 있었다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.37.1-37.1
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• 2019

The faint quasars with M1450 > -24 mag are known to hold the key to the determination of the ultraviolet emissivity for the cosmic reionization. But only a few have been identified so far because of the limitations on the survey data. Here we present the first results of the z ~ 5 faint quasar survey with the Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS), which covers ${\sim}100deg^2$ areas in J band to the depths of $J_{AB}$ ~ 23 mag. To improve selection methods, the medium-band follow-up imaging has been carried out using the SED camera for QUasars in Early uNiverse (SQUEAN) on the Otto Struve 2.1 m Telescope. The optical spectra of the candidates were obtained with 8 m class telescopes. We newly discovered 10 quasars with -25 < $M_{1450}$ < -23 at z ~ 5, among which three have been missed in a previous survey using the same optical data over the same area, implying the necessity for improvements in high-redshift faint quasar selection. We derived photometric redshifts from the medium-band data and found that they have high accuracies of ${\langle}{\mid}{\Delta}z{\mid}/(1+z){\rangle}=0.016$. The medium-band-based approach allows us to rule out many of the interlopers that contaminate ${\geq}20%$ of the broadband-selected quasar candidates. These results suggest that the medium-band-based approach is a powerful way to identify z ~ 5 quasars and measure their redshifts at high accuracy (1%-2%). It is also a cost-effective way to understand the contribution of quasars to the cosmic reionization history.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2024

This work presents experimental data and modelling of the release of Mo from high-burnup spent nuclear fuel (63 MWd/kgU) at two different pH values, 8.4 and 13.2 in air. The release of Mo from SF to the solution is around two orders of magnitude higher at pH = 13.2 than at pH = 8.4. The high Mo release at high pH would indicate that Mo would not be congruently released with uranium and would have an important contribution to the Instant Release Fraction, with a value of 5.3%. Parallel experiments with pure non irradiated Mo(s) and XPS determinations indicated that the faster dissolution at pH = 13.2 could be the consequence of the higher releases from metallic Mo in the fuel through a surface complexation mechanism promoted by the OH^- and the oxidation of the metal to Mo(VI) via the formation of intermediate Mo(IV) and Mo(V) species.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2001

저광도 중합법, 펄스 지연 중합법, 초고광도 중합법 등의 광조사 방식이 광중합형 복합레진 수복물에서의 중합수축 응력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 in vitro에서 미세 누출 실험을 하였다. 80개의 발거된 소구치의 협측면에 5급 와동을 형성하고, 600mW/$cm^2$로 30초간 광조사하는 보통 광도 중합군, 300mW/$cm^2$로 60초간 광조사하는 저광도 중합군, 400mW/$cm^2$로 2초간 광조사하고 5분간 기다린 후 800mW/$cm^2$로 10초간 최종 중합시키는 펄스-지연 중합군, 그리고 1930mW/$cm^2$의 광도로 3초간 광조사하는 초고광도 중합군 등의 4개의 군으로 나누어 hybrid 형의 광중합복합레진을 충전하고 각 군의 방법대로 중합한 후, 변연의 0.5mm 외부에 nail varnish를 도포하고 37$^{\circ}C$, 2% metylene blue 용액에 24시간 동안 침적시켰다. 시편을 아크릴릭 레진에 매몰한 후 수복물의 중앙에서 종절단하여 입체현미경하에서 그 단면을 관찰한 후 법랑질과 상아질 변연으로 나누어 색소의 침투도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 펄스 지연 중합군의 색소 침투도는 법랑질과 상아질 변연 모두에서 보통광도, 저광도 및 초고광도 중합군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 2. 상아질 변연에서 초고광도 중합군은 보통광도 중합군과 저광도 중합군에 비해 유의하게 높은 색소 침투도를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 법랑질 변연에서의 4개 군의 색소 침투도는 서로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 4. 모든 군에서 상아질 변연에서의 색소 침투도는 법랑질군에서의 색소 침투도에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05).

• 지역연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.65-78
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• 1993

In this study, the significant and enduring concentration of federal R&D spending in metro-scale clusters across the nation is treated as evidence of the operation of a distinct industrial infrastructure defined by the ability of R&D performers to attract external funding and pursue the sophisticated project work demanded. It follows, then, that the agglomerative potential of these R&D concentrations -- performers and their support infrastructures -- requires a search for economic impacts guided by a different stimulative effects attributable to federal R&D spending may be that substantial subnational economic impacts are routinely obscured and diluted by research designs that seek to discover impacts either at the level of nation-scale economic aggregates or on firms or specific industries organized spatially. Therefore, this study proceeds by seeking to link the locational clustering of federal contract R&D spending to more localized economic impacts. It tests a series of models(X-IV) designed to trace federal contract R&D spending flows to economic impacts registered at the level of metro-regional economies. By shifting the focus from funding sources to recipient types and then to sector-specific impacts, the patterns of consistent results become increasingly compelling. In general, these results indicated that federal R&D spending does indeed nurture the development of an important nation-spanning advanced industrial production and R&D infrastructure anchored primarily by two dozed or so metro-regions. However, dominated as it is by a strong defense-industrial orientation, federal contract R&D spending would appear to constitute a relatively inefficient national economic development policy, at least as registered on conventional indicators. Federal contract R&D destined for the support of nondefense/civilian(Model I), nonprofit(Model II), and educational/research(Mode III) R&D agendas is associated with substantially greater regional employment and income impacts than is R&D funding disbursed by the Department of Defense. While federal R&D support from DOD(Model I) and for-profit(Model II) and industrial performer(Model III) contract R&D agendas are associated with positive regional economic impacts, they are substantially smaller than those associated with performers operating outside the defense industrial base. Moreover, evidence that the large-business sector mediates a small business sector(Model VI) justifies closer scrutiny of the relative contribution to economic growth and development made by these two sectors, as well as of the primacy typically accorded employment change as a conventional economic performance indicator. Ultimately, those regions receiving federal R&D spending have experienced measurable employment and income gains as a result. However, whether or not those gains could be improved by changing the composition -- and therefore the primary missions -- of federal R&D spending cannot be decided by merely citing evidence of its economic impacts of the kind reported here. Rather, that decision turns on a prior public choice relating to the trade-offs deemed acceptable between conventional employment and income gains, the strength of a nation's industrial base not reflected in such indicators, and the reigning conception of what constitutes national security -- military might or a competitive civilian economy.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2011년도 제44차 학술발표회
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• pp.110-110
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• 2011

염색공업 폐수는 그 성분이 일반적으로 매우 복잡하며, 작업공정의 가동 사항에 따라 수질 변동이 큰것이 특징으로, 각 공정에서 배출되는 염료, 보조화학물질, PVA(Polyvinyl alchol), 전분, wax 등이 포함되어 있으며 pH가 높고, 색도로 인해 하천에 방류될 경우 확산성이 높아 미생물에 의한 자정작용을 방해하여 하천의 수중생태계를 파괴할 우려가 있다. 이러한 염색산업에서 발생하는 폐수는 일반적으로 응집침전, 부상분리법 등의 전처리한 후 활성오니공정으로 처리하는 방법이 널리 이용되고 있으나, 이들 처리공정으로는 폐수 속에 포함되어 있는 다양한화학적 구조의 색소성분 및 유해물질을 완벽하게 제거하는 것이 어려운 실정이다. 유기물 함량이 높은 염색폐수를 처리하기 위해 제안된 기술로는 산소활성슬러지법, 유동상 및 고정상 생물막법, 포괄고정화법 등이 있다. 이러한 기술들중 기존의 처리공정을 증축없이도 처리효율을 높일 수 있는 방법으로 담체를 이용한 부유메디아 생물막공정(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)이 있다. 이공정은 미생물이 부착, 성장할 수 있는 공극율과 비표면적이 큰 담체를 이용하므로 반응조내의 부유 미생물 뿐만 아니라 담체에 고농도로 부착된 부착 미생물에 의해서도 유기물을 제거하기 때문에 다른 공정들에 비해 처리효율이 뛰어나고 기존의 활성슬러지 공정에 비해 갑작스러운 부하변동 및 유독성 폐수유입에 대해서도 안정적으로 운전이 가능한 장점이 있다. 본연구에서는 부유메디아 생물반응기(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)을 이용하여 염색폐수내 $COD_{Mn}$, 색도 및 난분해성 물질인 PVA 저감에 대한 Lab-scale test 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 염색폐수의 수질은 평균 pH 13, $COD_{Mn}$ 900 mg/L, SS 135 mg/L, 색도 1,134 [C.U.], PVA 593 mg/L였으며, 2L의 반응기를 사용하여 회분식 실험을 수행였다. 본 실험에서는 호기성 미생물에 의한 염색폐수의 생분해가 유지되는데 필요한 최적의 용존산소 농도와 이에 필요한 공기 폭기량을 결정하기 위하여 i) DO uptake rate측정과 ii) 담체의 충진율, iii) COD/N ratio, iv) Air 유량, v) 담체내 흡착제의 종류, vi) $Ca^{2+}$ 첨가가 염색폐수의 생분해에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 운전시간을 7일로 하여 COD, 색도, PVA 등을 측정한 결과 담체를 첨가한 경우가 담체를 첨가하지 않은 경우 보다 제거효율이 뛰어났다. 특히 충진율 30%(C/N 3)의 경우에서 COD, 색도, PVA의 제거율이 각각 평균 65%, 70%, 60%로 가장 높은 제거효율을 나타내었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.148-152
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• 1989

본 시험은 봄철 건물이용초지에서 이른 봄 추비처용시기가 목초의 생육과 수량 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 추비시비시기를 3월 10일, 20일, 30일, 4월 9일, 19일 및 무시비(대조구) 등 6처리를 두고 1차 수확은 출추초기(1989년 5월 9일)에, 2차 이후는 각각 지예적기에 수확하였다. 추비시용구의 목초 생육과 수량 및 사료가치는 무시비구에 비해 크게 양호하였으며, 이른 봄 추포시용시기에 따른 목초의 생육, 수량, 조필자질함량, 초필자질생산품, 실요이용율 및 소화율 등을 비교해 볼 때, 효과는 3월 30일 추비구에서 가장 좋았고, 다음이 3월 20일이었다. 본 시험의 결과로서 이른 봄 추비시용적기로 판정된 3월 20~30일까지의 개략적인 적산온도는 200~280도씨, 지중온도(10cm)는 8~10도씨 였으며, 따라서 수원지방에서 열년기상을 기준으로 한 봄철 건초이용초지이 이른 봄 추비시용적기는 4월 10~15일 경으로 생각된다.