• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제3권3_4호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2000

Tyrosinase inhibitory activities of 14 kinds of seaweed, Ecklonia stolonifera, Ecklonia cava, Undaria pinnatiflda, Laminaria japonica, Sargassum fulvellum, Sargassum miyabei, Sargassum thunbergii, Porphyra yezoensis, Gracilaria verrucosa, Carpopeltis affinis, Pachymeniopsis elliptica, Gelidium amansii, Codium fragile and Ulva pertusa were determined using commercially available mushroom tyrosinase in an in vitro assay system. The $1\%$ (w/v) methanol extract from E. stolonifera showed the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity of $79.0\%$, electron donating activity of $79.0\%$ and total phenol content of 3.75 mg/100g. Ethyl acetate-methanol-water (7 : 2 : 0.2, v/v) fraction $(0.5\%,\;w/v)$ isolated from the methanol extract showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity of $75.9 \%$, electron donating activity of $88.1 \%$ and total phenol content of 4.38 mg/100g. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was closely associated with total phenol content (R = 0.99) and electron donating activity (R=0.99). Maximum absorption wavelength of the fraction was 218nm and that of phenolic compounds showed about a range from 210 to 220nm. The inhibition mode of the fraction was noncompetitive inhibition.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.522-528
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• 2001

Tyrosinase plays an important role in the process of melanin biosynthesis, and it is a biochemical target enzyme for skin-whitening agents and the remedy for disturbances in pigmentation. We have screened 25 natural plant extracts for inhibitory effects against DOPA oxidase activity of tyrosinase. For the inhibitory effect against DOPA oxidase activity of tyrosinase, the recombinant human tyrosinase and the purified mushroom tyrosinase were used. Each of the dried plants extracted with methanol, and then the extracts were subjected to sequential fractionations with methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water, respective The methylene chloride fractions of Angelica tenuissima, Nardostachys chinensis, Bombyx mop and Saposhnikovia divaricata, and the n-butanol fraction of Bombyx mori notably inhibited the human tyrosinase activity as well as mushroom tyrosinase activity (more than 90% inhibition). This study suggests that the above extracts have a potential as whitening agents as single ingredients or in combination with other of the extracts.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2015

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme to control the biosynthesis of melanin pigments and has two enzyme activities, namely of 1-tyrosine hydroxylase and of 1-dopa oxidase. Thus, tyrosinase is regarded as a target in skin-whitening and therapeutic intervention of local hyperpigmentation diseases. We have tested tyrosinase inhibitory activity on the water extracts of 50 species oriental medicinal plant. Among them, five medicinal plants, Linderae Radix, Clematidis Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus and Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae were investigated strong inhibition effect. Five medicinal plants were fractionated using organic solvents (methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, water). Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus (ethyl acetate fraction) was investigated strong inhibition effect. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity below $IC_{50}\;40{\mu}g/ml$ is confirmed in five herbal plants that are Linderae Radix, Clematidis Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus and Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae. Tyrosinase inhibitory levels ($IC_{50}\;{\mu}g/ml$) of each plants were 15.56, 35.02, 25.14, 15.20 and 39.77. We also investigate the effect of effective plant's fraction. in dose of $100{\mu}g/ml$, Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus (P-36) EtOAc fraction significant inhibitory effect over 50%. Clematidis Radix (P-35) and Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus (P-36) MC fraction inhibit tyrosinase each 36.60% and 43.21%. inhibitory rates of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (P-40) EtOAc and $H_2O$ fraction are 31.40% and 31.51%. Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (P-45) BuOH fraction regulate tyrosinase activity to 37.71%. We examined tyrosinase inhibitory activity of natural products and these results suggest that several herbs have potential as a new whitening material.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 1997

Tyrosinase catalyzes the rate-limiting steps in melanin biosynthesis which is involved in skin-coloring and local hyperpigmentation of human beings, and unfavorable darkening of food products, Inhibitory effects on 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (dopa) oxidase activity of tyrosinase by 594 kinds of herbal extracts prepared from herbal medicines and wild plants in Korea were estimated. Two herbal extracts prepared from radicis cortex of Morus alba and rhizoma of Curcuma longa were selected as those exhibiting potent inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity. These herbal extracts were subjected to sequential fractionations with methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and polar residue. The inhibitory effects on dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase were shown in ethyl acetate fraction of Morus alba, and in methylene chloride fraction of Curcuma langa. The ethyl acetate fraction of Marus alba exhibited 50% of inhibition on dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase at the concentration of 12 ${\mu}g/ml$, and methylene chloride fraction of Curcuma langa at 51 ${\mu}g/ml$.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

로즈마리(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)는 식품소재로서 널리 사용되고 있으며 다양한 생리활성이 보고되어 있다. 그러나 극성이 다른 용매 추출물의 상호작용과 생리활성에 관한 연구는 잘 정립되어서 보고되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 로즈마리 분말을 hexane, EtOAc, MeOH 그리고 95%, 70%, 50% 또는 25% EtOH 및 물로 추출한 다음, 각각의 용매 추출물의 항산화, 항비만, 항 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성 및 미백효과 등을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 로즈마리 추출물의 항산화 및 tyrosinase 저해 효과는 비교적 극성이 높은 50% EtOH, 25% EtOH 및 증류수 추출물이 가장 효과가 좋았다. 그러나 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성억제는 EtOH의 농도가 높은 50~95%와 MeOH 추출물에서 효과가 가장 좋았다. 지방세포의 분화억제는 70% EtOH로 처리시에 가장 효과가 좋았으며, EtOH의 농도가 70% 보다 증가하거나 감소하였을 경우에는 농도에 비례하여 감소하였다. 본 실험의 결과 최적의 추출용매는 항산화, tyrosinase 저해, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성억제 및 지방세포의 분화 억제 등의 질환에 따라서 차이가 있었다. 이러한 추출용매를 고려하면 추출용매에 따라서 최적의 생리활성 성분의 종류와 함량이 차이가 있고 이로 인하여 생리활성 효과도 달라진 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2007

유기산으로 분해된 카라기난 가수분해물의 각종 생리활성을 실험한 결과, citrate와 malate를 가수분해 매체로 이용할 경우, $100^{\circ}C,\;110^{\circ}C$ 및 $120^{\circ}C$ 가수분해물은 B. cereus와 B. subtilis에 강한 항균활성을 나타내었으며, $120^{\circ}C$에서 180분간 가수분해한 것이 B. subtilis에 대해 특별히 강한 항균활성을 나타내었다. 그러나 충치균인 St. mutans에 대한 항균활성은 없는 것으로 확인되었다. Tyrosinase 활성 저해 효과는 $100^{\circ}C$ 및 $120^{\circ}C$에서 처리된 시료 중에서 citrate와 malate 처리구가 97% 이상의 높은 tyrosinase 활성을 저해하는 것으로 확인되었다. Citrate로 $100^{\circ}C$에서 90분 처리된 시료의 경우 97.1%, 180분 처리된 것은 99.4%의 저해 활성을 나타내었고, $120^{\circ}C$에서 90분 처리된 시료의 경우 98.2%의 tyrosinase 활성을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, malate 처리구도 처리온도와 처리시간에 따라 약간의 차이는 있지만 전체적으로 citrate 처리구와 비슷한 결과로 $98{\sim}99.5%$의 높은 tyrosinase 활성 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 당질 농도에 따라 tyrosinase 활성 저해 효과가 다르게 나타났으며, 환원당 및 전당의 농도에 비례하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 항혈액응고활성은 유기산의 종류에 따라 차이를 나타내고 있는데, 0.3% malate 용액으로 $80^{\circ}C$에서 180분간 처리 시료의 경우 APTT가 $2,451{\pm}18(sec)$로 항혈액응고활성이 가장 높았으며, 동일한 조건에서 얻어진 0.3% citrate 가수분해물이 $1,617{\pm}15(sec)$였으며 lactate, succinate, acetate 가수분해물 순으로 높았다. 가수분해가 진행됨에 따라 분자량이 적어지고 결국은 황산기 함량도 낮아지게 됨으로써 항혈액응고활성이 낮아지는 것으로 여겨졌다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1997

To identify inhibitors of melanogenesis, we compared the effects of 5 compounds on mushroom tyrosinase, human melanocytic tyrosinase activity and melanin content. The cytotoxicyty of the components were also tested on cultured human melanoctes. Kojic acid showed marked inhibitory effect both on mushroom and human tyrosinase activity. This action of kijic acid is stronger than that of ascorbic acid. Arbutin inhibited human tyrosinase activity of cultured melanocytes although it had slightly inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity. Azelaic acid had no effect on human tyrosinase activity. Melanin production was inhibited significantly by kojic acid and tranexamic acid. MTT assay showed that all of the compounds were non-cytotoxic to melanocytes at the concentrations tested. These results suggest that the effect of kojic acid on cultured meanocytes involve inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis without affection the cell number.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.245-248
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate tyrosinase inhibitory activity of plant extracts, especially Korean indigenous plants, for the cosmetic use of skin whitening. When 50 plant extracts were tested, the methanol extracts of Agrimonia pilosa, Aster scaber; Dianthus sinensis, Fatsia japonica, Hemistepta lyrata, Lespedeza cuneata, Osmunda japonicum, Pyrvla japvnica, Rodgersia phodophylla and Veratrum grandiforum possessed the considerable tyrosinase inhibitory activity at 3-300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Especially, L. cuneata, aerial part of O. japonicum and V. gandiforum exhibited the strong inhibition (>50％ inhibition at 300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). In particular, the methanol extract of V. grandiforum and its ethylacetate fraction showed potent inhibition ($IC_{50}$/=30 and 13$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, respectively), while the reference compound, kojic acid, showed $IC_{50}$/ value of 26$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. These plant extracts may be used as tyrosinase inhibitors in cosmetics.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1013-1017
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• 2002

마이크로웨이브 추출을 이용하여 팽이버섯을 물, 50% 에탄올, 99% 에탄올로 추출하였으며 마이크로웨이브의 power와 시간에 따라 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량, 전자공여작용 (EDA), tyrosinase 저해작용, 아질산염 소거작용의 차이를 관찰하였다. 마이크로웨이브 power를 $60{\sim}120\;W$로 증가시킴에 따라 총 폴리페놀 함량과 전자공여능은 90 W에서 평형에 이르러 거의 변화하지 않았다. Tyrosinase 저해능은 마이크로웨이브 power 증가에 따라 뚜렷한 증가 경향을 나타내었다. 추출시간을 증가시킴에 따라 전자공여능과 tyrosinase 저해능은 추출시간을 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내다가 각각 추출시간 10분, 5분에서 평형에 이르렀다. 용매별 추출물에서 아질산염 소거능은 마이크로웨이브 power와 추출시간을 증가시킴에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며 pH에 의존적인 소거율을 나타내었다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.151.2-151.2
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• 2003

For the purpose of the development of a skin-whitening agent, Sophora flavescens was evaluated for tyrosinase inhibitory activity and its active principles were identified followed activity-guided isolation. The ethanol extract and dichloromethane fraction from S. flavescens showed significant inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase. From the dichloromethane fraction, three known prenylated flavonoids, sophoraflavanone G, kuraridin, and kurarinone, were isolated. Compared with kojic acid ($IC_50$=20.5 $\mu$M), these compounds possessed more potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. (omitted)