• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2009

Actin cytoskeletal architecture is believed to be a crucially important modulator of chondrocyte phenotype. 2DG(2-Dexoy-D-glucose) induces reorganization of actin cytoskeletal architecture in chondrocytes. In this study, we have investigated the effects of 2DG on dedifferentiation and inflammation via reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture in rabbit articular chondrocytes, with a focus on p38 kinase pathway. Treatment of 2DG alone reduced type II collagen and COX-2 expression in chondrocytes. But, 2DG reduced type II collagen was recovered by CD, disruptor of actin cytoskeletal architecture, whereas did not affect on COX-2 expression and production of $PGE_2$ compared with 2DG alone treated cells. Treatment of 2DG with JAS, inducer of cytoskeletal architecture polymerization, accelerated reduction of type II collagen expression and synthesis of proteoglycan but did not affect on COX-2 expression and production of $PGE_2$. Also, 2DG stimulated activation of p38 kinase. This result showed that 2DG regulates type II collagen but not cyclooxygenase-2 expression through reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture via p38 kinase pathway in rabbit articular chondrocytes.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2010

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of chondrocyte re-differentiation in using ukmijihwang-Tang gamibang aqua-acupuncture. Methods In this study, chondrocytes were extracted from New Zealand white rabbit's knee joint, and cultured in monolayer after collagenase treatment. In the third passage, after the mRNA transcript of the type II collagen significantly reduced, diluted Yukmijihwang-Tang gamibang were added to cultured of chondrocyte, and its effect on the mRNA expression of type II collagen was quantitatively evaluated. Results As a result of treatment with Yukmijihwang-Tang gamibang in vitro for 48 hours, the mRNA expression of type II collagen was up-regulated. In addition, the result of H&E-staining in vivo indicated that chondrocyte-like tissues were formed in repairing injured cartilages after 12 weeks of treatment with Yukmijihwang-Tang gamibang. Conclusions These results indicated that Yukmijihwang-Tang gamibang was effective on the recovery of chondrocyte phenotype, and could be used for cartilage regeneration in arthritic diseases. However, more clinical study of Oriental medical treatment for this case might be also needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2002

면역억제와 면역항진의 작용을 지닌 녹용(鹿茸)약침의 실험쥐에서의 type II collagen(CII)으로 유발된 관절염(CIA)에 대한 효과를 연구하였다. 본 실험에서 녹용(鹿茸)약침군과 생리식염수군을 대조군으로 하여 실험쥐에게 약침시술을 하였다. 녹용(鹿茸)약침이 CII에 작용하는 세포반응에 대한 효과를 검정하였는데, 대조군에서는 CII 유발주사 후 24일에 관절염이 관찰되었고, CIA의 정도가 점차적으로 심해졌다. 생리식염수 처리군과 비교해 24일 동안 하루에 한번 $50{\mu}g/kg$ 이상 용량의 녹용(鹿茸)약침은 CII 처리 T cell의 interleukin 2(IL-2)와 interferon-${\gamma}$($IFN-{\gamma}$) 생산능력을 억제했다. 또한 녹용(鹿茸)약침은 CII처리 임파절과 대식세포의 tumor necrosis facter ${\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$)의 생산을 억제했다. 한편 CIA에 대한 약침효능의 지표는 녹용(鹿茸)약침을 14일간 하루에 한번씩 처리하면서, 소의 CII로 3주 간격으로 2번 유발접종을 실시하여 검정하였다. 첫 CII 유발접종과 동시에 일일 투여량 $100{\mu}g/kg$으로 14일간의 녹용(鹿茸)약침이 항체형성과 CII에 대한 지연형 과민성 뿐만 아니라 관절염의 증가도 막아주었다. 녹용(鹿茸)약침을 관절염 유발성 CII의 2차 접종과 동시에 시술한 결과, 관절염과 CII에 대한 면역반응을 억제하였다. 이에 저자는 CII로 유발된 관절염에 대한 녹용(鹿茸)약침의 억제효과에 대하여 보고하는 바이다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.534-541
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• 2011

Retinoic acid (RA)는 Vitamin A의 대사산물로서 토끼 관절 연골세포의 탈분화를 유도하는 물질로 알려져 있다. 그러나 RA가 탈분화를 조절하는 정확한 메커니즘은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서, Nitric Oxide (NO)가 유도하는 탈분화에 미치는 RA의 분자적 기전에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과, RA는 NO가 유도하는 탈분화를 촉진시키는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 Western blot analysis를 통해 연골세포 분화의 표지 단백질인 type II collagen 및 Sox-9의 발현양상을 통해 확인 할 수 있었으며, Alcian blue staining을 통해 연골세포의 기질을 구성하고 있는 단백질인 sulfated proteoglycan의 발현량을 통해서도 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한, RA는 NO 가 유도하는 ERK의 활성을 더욱 증가 시켰다. ERK의 억제자인 PD98059를 사용하여 ERK의 활성을 억제하였을 때 RA가 감소시키는 type II collagen 및 Sox-9의 발현과 sulfated proteoglycan의 생성 양상이 PD98059에 의해 다시 회복되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 모든 결과를 종합해 볼 때, RA는 NO가 유도하는 탈분화를 ERK 신호전달경로를 통해 조절하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2008

Absorbable atelo-collagen sponge $TERUPLUG^{(R)}$, Termo Co. Tokyo, Japan) is inserted in the extraction wound where alveolar bone is exposed. It protects wounds and promotes the formation of granulation. This is made of atelo-collagen, to minimize antigenicity, which is cross-linked by heat treatment for biocompatibility. $TERUPLUG^{(R)}$ consists of between 85 and 95 % of collagen type I and between 5 to 15 % of collagen type III. The raw material for the collagen is derived from bovine skin. It features a sponge block design and is shaped for easy insertion in the extraction wound. This study was designed to find out the bone healing capacity of $TERUPLUG^{(R)}$. We implanted $TERUPLUG^{(R)}$ (experimental group I) and $TERUPLUG^{(R)}$ with rhBMP-2 (experimental group II) in the rabbit cranium defect and then histologically analysed the specimen. The results were as follows. 1. In the 4 weeks, a lot of the newly formed collagen fibers around material of the experimental group I implanted $TERUPLUG^{(R)}$ were observed. But, in the experimental group II implanted $TERUPLUG^{(R)}$ with rhBMP-2, a little of newly formed collagen fibers around material were observed. The cell proliferating activity and apoptosis of the experimental group I, II was positive in and around the implanted material. 2. In the 8 weeks, the amount of newly formed and matured bone in the experimental group II was more observed than the experimental group I and control group. The results of this study indicate that absorbable atelo-collagen sponge ($TERUPLUG^{(R)}$) is relatively favorable bone void filler with biocompatibility and has the better bone healing capacity in case of application with rhBMP-2.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.161-176
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• 2013

Objectives : To clarify the anti-arthritic activity of Ostericum koreanum Maxim. (OS) plus Aralia continentalis Kitagawa (AC) in vivo. Methods : All mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen. After a second collagen immunization, mice were treated with OS plus AC once a day for 7 weeks. Oral administration of OS plus AC (200 or 50 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the progression of CIA, which extend is comparable to that of methotrexate (MTX, 0.3 mg/kg), a positive control. The severity of arthritis within the knee joints was evaluated by histological assessment of cartilage destruction and pannus formation. Results : Administration of OS plus AC significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and inhibited the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 in serum. The erosion of cartilage was dramatically reduced in mouse knees after treatment with OS plus AC. In conclusion, our results demonstrates that OS plus AC significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and that this action was characterized by the decreased production of IL-6, IFN-${\gamma}$ and collagen II specific antibody in serum, CD3+CD69+ T cells, MHC class II+/CD11c+ (in DLN), CD11b+Gr-1+ cells (in PBMC), CD11b +Gr-1+ cells, B220+/CD23+ (in paw joint). Conclusions : The the levels of IFN-${\gamma}$ in the culture supernatant of splenocytes stimulated with CD3/CD28 or collagen were dramatically decreased, while those of IL-4 was increased. In the serum of OS and AC-treated mice, the levels of IgM RA factor were decreased.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2007

In order to evaluate the improvement effects of head of Panax ginseng on chronic arthritis, we have investigated the activity of butanol fraction (BuOH fraction) in vitro and in vivo system. BuOH fraction showed significant inhibition on the elastase activity. Anti-arthritic activity of BuOH fraction was also examined on type II collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice. Mice were immunized with injection of type II collagen emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant, followed by a booster injection 21 days later. BuOH fraction(BHPG) was administered at an oral dose of 500mg/kg for 2 weeks from the 1st day boost. The hind paw edema was significantly decreased in the group of treatment with BuOH fraction compared to control. In collagen-induced DBA/1J mice, BuOH fraction did not affected the collagen antibody titer but significantly inhibited the tumor necrosis factoralpha(TNF-${\alpha}$) activity. These results were confirmed with histological evaluation of joint tissues. This study may raise the possibility that the usage of BuOH fraction of head of Panax ginseng as alternative medicine for the relief and prevention of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study was undertaken to determine whether the water extract of Achyranthis Radix, which is the roots of Achyranthes japonica (Achyranthis Radix, AR), is efficacious against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. Methods : Mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen and orally treated with AR-W (50 and 100 mg/kg/bw) from days 21 to 42 after immunization. Arthritis was evaluated by arthritic score, histological examination of knee joint and serological markers such as TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and anti-type II collagen (C II)IgG. Results : The results showed that comparing with untreated CIA mice, treated with AR-W significantly suppressed the clinical score and joint tissue pathological damages, reduced the serum levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and anti-C II IgG in CIA-mice. These results suggest that AR-W can effectively alleviate inflammatory response on CIA, and anti-inflammatoy of AR-W can be attributed, at least partially, to the inhibition of inflamamtory mediators, $PGE_2$ and TNF-${\alpha}$, in CIA. Conclusions : This study suggests that AR-W has a therapeutic potential in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was built to investigate the effect of Trachelospermi Caulis herbal-acupuncture on the Collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of Bovine type II collagen solution into base of tail. Experimental group were divided into 5 groups ; Normal(N) group, Control(C) group, Trachelospermi Caulis high(TH) group, Trachelospermi Caulis low(TL) group, Saline(S) group(n=7 for each group). Normal group was had no management. Control group was injected with Bovine type II collagen solution and taken no treatment. Trachelospermi Caulis high group was injected with Bovine type II collagen solution and taken high-intensity(10mg/kg) herbal-acupuncture treatment on $ST_{36}$. Trachelospermi Caulis low group was injected with Bovine type II collagen solution and taken low-intensity(5mg/kg) herbal-acupuncture treatment on $ST_{36}$. Saline group was injected with Bovine type II collagen solution and taken saline injection on $ST_{36}$. Body weight, paw edema volume and ankle joint thickness were measured during experimental day. On the last experimental day, we analyzed WBC count, TNF-$\alpha$ & IL-$1{\beta}$ concentration, c-fos immunohistochemistry and NADPH-d histochemistry for evaluating the effect of Trachelospermi Caulis herbal-acupuncture. Results : The results were as follows ; 1. In the change of paw edema volume, TH group only has significant difference compared with C group. 2. In the change of ankle joint thickness, TH group only has significant difference compared with C group. 3. In WBC count of serum, TH, TL groups have significant decrease compared with C group. 4. In TNF-$\alpha$ concentration of effusion, TH, TL groups have significant decrease compared with C group. and TH group has significant decrease compared with TL group. 5. In IL-$1{\beta}$ concentration of effusion, TH, TL groups have significant decrease compared with C group. and TH group has significant decrease compared with TL group. 6. In c-fos positive neurons of S1S2(cortex) region, TH, TL, S groups have significant decrease compared with C group. 7. In NADPH-d positive neurons of CPu(caudate putamen) region, TH, TL groups have significant decrease compared with C group. 8. In NADPH-d positive neurons of Tfp(transverse fibers of pons) region, TH, TL, S groups have significant decrease compared with C group. and TH group has significant decrease compared with S group. Conclusions : According to above results, we hope that Trachelospermi Caulis herbal-acupuncture may have the effect that decreases progression and development of CIA. And it can be suggested that Trachelospermi Caulis herbal-acupuncture may reduce the expression of c-fos and NOS.

• 분석과학
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2015

골관절염에 대한 참당귀 추출분말 (AGE)의 치료효과를 검토하고자 토끼연골세포와 흰쥐의 monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)로 유발된 골관절염 부위에서 시료를 채취하여 MMPs의 발현에 대한 AGE의 억제 효능을 검토하였다. 고 농도의 AGE (50 μg/mL) 투여에서 세포독성은 관찰되지 않았으며 면역 및 염증반응과 관련된 여러 인자의 전사인자인 NF-κB 활성화를 효과적으로 억제시켰다. 토끼연골 세포에서 MMP-2와 MMP-9의 활성을 확인해본 결과 AGE는 MMP-9의 활성을 효과적으로 억제시키는 것을 확인하였다. AGE를 토끼연골세포에 처리하여 분석한 결과, 주요성분인 decursin과 decursinol angelate가 3.62±0.47 μg/mg protein와 2.14±0.36 μg/mg protein으로 검출되었다. 동물실험을 위하여, 골관절염은 MIA를 흰쥐 무릎관절에 처리하여 동물모델을 만들었으며, 매일 25, 50와 100 mg/kg의 AGE를 3주 동안 먹인 결과 흰쥐의 연골 조직에서 MMPs가 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 연골조직으로부터 RT-PCR을 통해 collagen Type I, collagen Type II, aggrecan 및 MMPs (MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13)의 mRNA를 확인해본 결과 AGE는 collagen Type I, collagen Type II, aggrecan은 증가시키며 MMPs는 감소시키는 효과를 얻었다. 결론적으로 AGE는 MMPs 억제를 통하여 골관절염의 발생을 억제한다.