• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.179-191
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• 2004

An emotion inference task was used to investigate children's cognitive cuing by age, cue type, and situation-emotion fit. Subjects were 41 of 3-, and 5-year-old children from two different day-care centers in Seoul and Kyonggi province. Each child was individually interviewed with pictorial tasks. 5-year-old children demonstrated more cuing, thinking, and application responses than 3-year-old children. Particularly, they showed more situation and thinking responses in situation-emotion match than in situation-emotion mismatch. 3-year-old children showed more past-oriented responses than 5-year-old children. In the interpersonal cue story, there were more situation, past-oriented and thinking responses than in the interobjective ones. The interpersonal cue story produced more situation responses in situation-emotion match than in situation-emotion mismatch.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.281-287
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the effects of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory cues on simple Serial Task Performance in heaithy adults. METHODS: Sixty-three right-handed heaithy adults without history of neurological dysfunction were participated. A modified version of the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) using five blocks of perceptual motor sequences was administered. The blocked paradigm consisted of the five blocks with randomly repeated 8 digit sequences with 5 repetition. Three types of sensory cue were employed: visual cue, auditory cue and visuoauditory cue. All subjects were assigned to press the matched botton as quickly and accurately as possible, when one of 8 stimulations was presented(one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight). The reaction time, accuracy, and P300 latency were measured during serial task performance. The mean reaction time(ms), accuracy(%), and P300 latency(ms) were compared between three types of cue using ANOVA. RESULTS: The reaction time to auditory cue was significantly longer than visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.001). And accuracy to auditory cue was significantly lower than visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.001). All P300 latency(at Fz, Cz, Pz) were significantly longer than to visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.05). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that type of cues influence in choice reaction. These data may helpful in designing not only effective motor learning training programs for healthy persons but also reeducation programs for patients with neurological dysfunction.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.117-130
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• 1997

This research was to examine the mother's responsiveness to infant cue in order to improve interaction between mother and infant. The subjects were 144 mothers who gave birth to at general hospital or a public health center in Kangnung. The gestational age of infants was more than 38weeks and birth weight was more than 2500g. A questionnaire was developed by applying the content about infant cue in Barnard's NCAST program. This questionnaire was revised through the examination of expertis in this field. The questions were classified into 3 categories : 10 questions about engagement cue, 11 questions about disengagement cue, and 9 questions about general cue and reflex behavior. Each item measured the mother's responsiveness to infant cue using 5 scales : 2 positive responsiveness, 1 negative responsiveness, and 1 meaningless, 1 for in case which mother can't recognize the meaning of reaction. The result presented that mothers showed positive reaction to engagement cue. However, most mothers still didn't recognize that their infants can lead a mother-infant interaction and show active response in interaction. Mothers tended to treat them as Just passive objects. In disengagement cue, mothers tended not to give proper responsiveness to their infants when the infants desired feeding or not and they did not desire mother -infant interaction. In general cue and reflex behavior, the mother's reaction was positive and they took it granted as a infant's behavior. When each item was analyzed by the general characteristics of the subject, there was significant differences according to the mottler's age, birth weight, average house income, birth order, feeding type, nature of infant, and infant's age.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.15-27
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• 2003

The subjects were individually presented with the Maxi-doll task to examine false belief and with the flower-star (Stroop-like day-night) test to examine inhibitory control skill. In the $1^{st}$ session, the subjects were tested with both the Maxi tesk and the flower-star test. Three days later, subjects were retested with the Maxi task, including an inhibitory cue. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA, age(2) $\times$ inhibitory level(2) $\times$ task type(Maxi-task or Maxi-including cue). All the main effects were significant and the interaction effect between inhibitory level and task type was also significant. Thus, their understanding of the mind and inhibitory control skill both influence children's performance on a typical false belief task.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.151-161
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• 2004

The characteristics of generative naming ability between fluent aphasiacs and non-fluent aphasics were investigated for 10 fluent aphasics (6 Wernicke's and 4 conduction type) and 10 non-fluent aphasics (6 Broca's and 4 transcortical motor type). Subjects were given 2 types of generative naming task and asked to generate lists of words to categorical ('animal', 'things at a supermarket') and phonetic ('ㄱ', 'ㅇ', 'ㅅ') cues. The total numbers of correct and incorrect response and error type ratios were calculated. The results of the present study were as follows: (1) Fluent aphasics had higher generative naming scores than non-fluent aphasics. (2) A remarkable dissociation between performance on categorical and phonetic cue in both aphasic groups was observed. Both aphasic groups produced a large number of responses in the categorical cue. (3) There was no significant group-difference in the error type. (4) Any correlation between generative naming and confrontation naming in K - WAB was not found.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.105-127
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• 2015

This study compares experienced and inexperienced consumers' patterns in cue utilisation in product evaluations in the arts market. Borrowing the notion of high- and low-scope cues introduced by the cue-diagnosticity framework, we differentiate between the two most readily discernible extrinsic cues in the fine arts market - an art gallery's brand reputation (a high-scope cue) and certificates of authenticity (a low-scope cue). These two cues are different in nature; the former is more abstract, intangible, and rich in content, so is more difficult to interpret than the latter. Given the differences in experienced and inexperienced consumers' information processing styles, we hypothesise that experienced arts consumers form perceived credibility of and purchase intentions towards artworks based on high-scope cues, whereas inexperienced consumers do so based on low-scope cues. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a consumer intercept study at Korea's two most representative art fairs. The survey participants were categorised into either experienced or inexperienced consumers based on their prior purchase experience, and their responses to a set of attribute combinations about two artworks created by the same artist were collected. The results indicate that experienced participants show higher purchase intentions when an art gallery's reputation is very high, whereas inexperienced participants show higher purchase intentions when artworks are accompanied by certificates of authenticity. This congruency effect between prior experience and cue type is mediated by the perceived credibility of the artworks. The findings suggest a correspondence between a consumer's prior experience and the types of extrinsic cues that are important in product evaluations. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first attempt ever to investigate the role of prior experience in determining when to use high- or low-scope cues. It also provides a useful frame of reference to advise marketers on the effective sales approach based on a client's prior purchase experience.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.241-260
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• 1998

1. Both the festival held in Confucian temple to honor Confucius or a religious ceremony in Korean traditional lecture-hall are the sacrificial rituals which is the mark of the respect for prescholars and these rituals has been followed the rules written in the book,'Yaegi' 2. For the Food formal display for the festival in Confusian temple of Chinese Gukjagam, Pebak(clothes), Mohyul(hair and blood), and the ritual food dishes, such as Byun 10, Doo 10, Gang 3 (Deung 1, Hyung 2), Bo 2, Cue 2, Jo 3 (Taeraeu as beef dish 1, Soraeu as sheep and pork dishes 2), Joo(alcohol) 3 were displayed, while in Juhyunhak, Byun 8, Doo 8 were displayed. In Taesangji edited around in 1873 in Korea, for the Confucian shrine Pebak, Mohyul, Byun 10, Doo 10, Deung 3, Hyung 3, Bo 2, Cue 2, Jo 6 (raw 3, cooked 3), Joo 3 were displayed. In pedantry Confucian temple, Pebak, Byun 8, Doo 8, Bo 2, Cue 2, Jo 2 (raw sheep and pork), Joo 3 were displayed while Mohyul was omitted, which this type of display was almost identical through the nationwide survery for the Confucian food display. Some of the Confucian food display, most of the display for Bo and Cue have been changed to Bo 1 and Cue 1, and one fifth of the Confucian display for Byun and Doo also has been changed in the numbers and food varieties. 3. In most of the sacrificial ritual food display in the Korean traditional lecture-hall, Pebak (some not applicable), Byun 4, Doo 4, Bo 1, Cue 1, Jo 1 (raw), Joo 1 were displayed. In these days, the number of the Confucian temple where the sacrificial rituals is not held, has been increased. 4. For the names of food for the Byun and Doo dishes, mostly the old names are used, however, minor changes in materials and cooking method have been found.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.1 s.203
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• pp.69-84
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate (1) intention perspective taking, (2) cognitive cuing according to infant age, cue type, and emotional-situation fit, and (3) the relationship between a child's intention perspective taking and cognitive cuing. The subjects were 2 groups of 41 infants each aged 3- and S-years-old from two different day-care centers in Seoul and Kyonggi province. Each child was individually interviewed with pictorial tasks. There were significant differences in the children's intention perspective taking according to their age, type of intention, and intention-outcome fit. There were also significant differences in the children's cognitive cuing according to their age, cue type, and emotional-situation fit. A relationship between the intention perspective taking and cognitive cuing was also revealed that is, the thinking and application responses of cognitive cuing were positively related to the children's intention perspective taking.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.647-656
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of vibratory stimulus as somatosensory inputs on the postural control in human standing. To study these effects, the center of pressure(COP) was observed while subjects were standing on a stable and an unstable support with co-stimulated mechanical vibrations to flexor ankle muscles(tibialis anterior tendon, achilles tendon) and two plantar zones on both foot. The COP sway measurement was repeated twice in four conditions: (1) with visual cue and vibration, (2) without visual cue and vibration, (3) with visual cue and without vibration, (4) without visual cue and with vibration. The calculated parameters were the COP sway area and the distance, the median frequency and the spectral energy of COP sway in three intervals $0.1{\sim}0.3,\;0.3{\sim}1,\;1{\sim}3Hz$. The results showed that vibratory stimulus affect postural stability. The reduction rate of the COP sway with vibratory stimulus were higher on the unstable support because the effect of postural stability increases when afferent nervous flow is more activated by vibration on unstable support. If unclear visual or vibratory information is received, one type of information is compared with the other type of sensory information. Then the input balance between visual and vibratory information is corrected to maintain postural stability. These findings are important for the rehabilitation system of postural balance control and the use of vibratory information.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2018

As information technology is more actively incorporated into automobiles, the role of IVIS (In-Vehicle Infotainment System) is becoming increasingly important for providing convenience and entertainment for drivers. However, using the infotainment systems while driving requires task switching and attending to two visual resources simultaneously. We simulated a setting where participants have to drive while interacting with the infotainment system and examined how task difficulty and motor cues impact driver task-switching and driving performance, specifically whether the effects of motor cues differ depending on task difficulty. For the infotainment display, we used two types of number array depending on the congruency between the digit repetition and the chunking unit, while task difficulty was manipulated by the size of the touch-keys. Participants were instructed to dial two numbers on the screen while we recorded the dialing time, lateral position, inter-key press intervals, and steering wheel control. We found that dialing time and lateral position were affected by task difficulty, while the type of number array had no effect. However, the inter-key press intervals between chunked numbers and steering wheel movement both increased when participants had to use an incongruent number array, which indicates that, if number digits are repeated, chunking is ignored by the drivers. Our findings indicate that, in a dual-task condition, motor cues offset the effect of chunking and can effectively signal the timing for task switching.