• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2011

Objective: To examine the drug use (prescribing) pattern of serious drug-drug interactions (DDIs, contraindicated drug interactions) using real world data. Prescription patterns were examined in terms of dispensing types. Method: Retrospective drug utilization review (DUR) study was performed. One hundred and six datasets of serious DDIs (DDI pairs) were determined among DDI datasets that Ministry of Health & Welfare announced for the DUR system from 2004 to 2005. Electronically transacted ambulatory patients' prescription database to Health Insurance Assessment and Review Services (HIRA) from July, 2005 to June, 2006 was collected with personal information deidentified and analyzed in terms of types of dispensing as a contributing factor. Results: After prescription data analysis per each patient, total number of DDI cases using 95 DDI pairs was 5,511, which accounted for 2.6 cases per patients. DDI cases between two drugs from each of community pharmacy dispensing- type prescription were considerable (63% vs. 24% in those from each of in-institutional dispensing-type prescription and vs. 13% in those from a community pharmacy dispensing-type prescription and an in-institutional dispensingtype prescription). Conclusions: DDI cases from different prescribers were found to be significant. Thus, the concurrent DUR process between prescriptions from different physicians and institutions should be implemented for the safe drug use.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 1993

The study was conducted with 27 health mangers working in manufacturing industries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the health manager's employment status, health examination, and it's follow. up health management level(about the industrial type). The results are as follows: 1. Characteristics of Manufacturing Industries: The ratio of nurse to employees is 1 : 552.6 and the percentage of physician employed was 51.9% All of the physicians were part time except one. 2. Health Examination and Follow Up ; 1) Periodic screening examinations were provided to 92.39% of the employees. Of these 11.56% required a detailed examination. Follow up on routine cases were done for 51.69%. Follow up on intensive cases were done 13.97%. 2) 62% of all employees working in hazardous conditions(noise, artificial light 74.1%) are required to receive a special health examination bi annually. Of these 96.66% were examined. 11.24% of these employees required a detailed follow up examination. 3. Relevancy between health management level, industrial type, and health manager's status 1) Health clinic operated separately except one case. Nursing activity level :. health diagnosis(0.27) Occupational condition (0.97) Health education(0.81) Health assessment(0.74) Health education level is higher at the industries working in environmental technician(P=0.017). The other's significance is not shown by any type of the staff.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 2012

Biopsy is a type of histopathological examinations, in which a physician samples cells or tissues from a patient's suspicious lesion. Such a lesion frequently resides deep inside human body, and then a percutaneous biopsy is therefore performed using a thick needle with the assistance of medical imaging such as computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Recently modern robotic technology is being introduced to percutaneous biopsy in order to reduce any possible human error and hazard on physicians caused by medical imaging. After medical imaging locates the exact location of lesion, an optimization algorithm plans the path for a biopsy needle. Subsequently, a robot system moves the biopsy needle to the lesion in accurate and safe way with the control of a practitioner or automatically. In this article, we try to look into the state-of-art of percutaneous biopsy using such robotic technology. We classified percutaneous biopsy robots by mechanical characteristics and by imaging technology. Then, advantage and disadvantage of each class type are described as well as the basic description, and a few representative designs for each type are introduced. Current research issues of robotized percutaneous biopsy are subjectively selected for the readers' convenience. We emphasize the basic technology of actuator and sensors compatible with imaging technology to conclude this review.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 2022

Background: Many severe nasal bone fractures present with septal fractures, causing postoperative septal deviation and negatively affecting the patients' quality of life. However, when a septal fracture is absent, it is difficult to predict whether surgical correction can help minimize nasal septal deviation postoperatively. This study determined whether performing closed reduction on even mildly displaced nasal bone fracture could deter the outcome of septal deviation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 116 patients aged 21-72 years who presented at the outpatient clinic and emergency room with fractures of nasal bones only without any involvement of the septum from January 2014 to December 2020. Patients were classified into three fracture type groups: A (unilateral), B (bilateral), and C (comminuted with depression). The degree of septal deviation was calculated by measuring the angle between the apex of the most prominent point and the crista galli in the coronal view on computed tomography images. The difference between the angles of the initial septal deviation and that of the follow-up was calculated and expressed as delta (Δ). Results: Closed reduction tended to decrease the postoperative septal deviation in all fracture types, but the values were significantly meaningful only in type A and B fractures. In the surgical group, with type A as the baseline, type B showed a significantly larger Δ value, but type C was not significantly different, although type C showed a smaller Δ value. In the conservative group, with type A as the baseline, the other fracture types presented significantly lower Δ values. Conclusion: For all fracture types, closed reduction significantly decreased the extent to which the nasal septum likely deviated. Therefore, when a patient is reluctant to undergo closed reduction, physicians should address the possible outcomes and prognosis of untreated nasal bone fractures.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.24-36
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to find the factors affecting the number of patients per physician for a day at hospital and compare them with the results of previous studies. We used data of Korean national patients survey that had been carried out by central government and local health centers from October 27th to November 11th in 1999. Descriptive analyses were performed to overview the general characteristics of our study subject. Also, we tried to find the factors affecting the number of patients per physician for a day at hospital through t test and correlation analysis. Factors affecting the number of outpatients per physician for a day at hospital are location, training type, ownership, No. of physicians, No. of beds per physician, No. of physicists per physician, No. of nursing aids per physician and No. of medical technicians per physician. While factors affecting the number of inpatients per physician for a day at hospital are location, ownership, No. of physicians, No. of beds per physician, No. of pharmacists per physician, No. of nurses per physician, No. of nursing aids per physician and No. of administrative auxiliary personnels per physician. The most correlated variable with outpatients per physician for a day at hospital is No. of medical technicians per physician while the most correlated variable with inpatients per physician for a day at hospital is No. of beds per physician. A more detailed investigation is needed for verifying factors affecting the number of patients per physician for a day at hospital and other medical institutions.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2011

Purpose: During August 2010, a natural gas fuel cylinder on a bus exploded in downtown Seoul, injuring 20 citizens. This kind of blast injury has never been reported in Korea before. Thus, the goal of this study was to review the clinical features of these victims to help physicians manage similar cases and to understand the risk factors associated with blast injuries in everyday life. Methods: Twenty (20) victims who visited nearby emergency departments, and 3 peoples left hospital without care. Seventeen (17) victims were included in this study, and the following factors were investigated: age, sex, type of hospital, diagnosis of injury, injury mechanism, position of victim (in-bus/out of bus), classification of injury severity with START (simple triage and rapid treatment), and classification of injury according to the mechanism of the blast injury. Results: The victims included 8 males (47%), 9 females (53%). The mean age was $37.5{\pm}12$. Thirteen (13) victims were transferred to two tertiary hospitals, and 4 were transferred to two secondary hospitals. The types of injury were 3 fractures, 2 ligaments injuries, 6 contusions, 4 abrasions, and 3 open wounds (one of them was combined fracture). According to START classification, 17 victims were 1 immediate, 11 minor, 5 delayed, and no death. Classifications according to the mechanism of the blast injury were 1 primary injury, 6 secondary injuries (2 of them combined other mechanism), 3 tertiary injuries and 9 quaternary injuries. Conclusion: Trauma care physicians should be familiar with not only the specific types of injuries from blast accidents, but also the potential accidents that may occur in public facilities.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to find out drug use pattern of narcotic analgesics in university hospitals in Korea. A university hospital located in Kyungbuk province was chosen for this study. The drug use pattern was analyzed in terms of ingredient, administration route, patient type, and attending department. Amount of drug usage was counted by unit dose defined by the number of ampule or vial for injectable, tablet or capsule for oral, and each for patch preparations. Result showed that 11 narcotic analgesic ingredients were used during 2007-2009, and the drug usage was increased by about 20% annually during the period. Proportion of oral preparations used for pain management was about two third of all narcotic analgesics usage and kept increasing during the period. Proportion of the drug usage for outpatients was also steadily increased. Notably, the usage of oral preparations of oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone was rapidly increased for the management of cancer pain while the usage of codeine and codeine-containing composite preparations for cancer pain were minimal (<10%). About 90% of all narcotic analgesics were used by physicians in Internal Department, especially in Oncology Division of the Department. These findings suggest that pain management is becoming more aggressive and in agreement with WHO's guidelines regarding selection of administration route. However, in terms of 3-step ladder for cancer pain management, the drug use pattern was not congruent to WHO's guidelines. Therefore, in conclusion, it appears that physicians need to try to be congruent to the guidelines when using narcotic analgesics for cancer pain.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.390-399
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• 2017

Background This article aims to investigate current perceptions of beauty of the general public and physicians without a specialization in plastic surgery performing aesthetic procedures. Methods A cross-sectional and interviewing questionnaire was administered to 290 people in Seoul, South Korea in September 2015. The questionnaire addressed three issues: general attitudes about plastic surgery (Q1), perception of and preferences regarding Korean female celebrities' facial attractiveness (Q2), and the relative influence of each facial aesthetic subunit on overall facial attractiveness. The survey's results were gathered by a professional research agency and classified according to a respondent's gender, age, and job type ($95%{\pm}5.75%$ confidence interval). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 10.1, calculating one-way analysis of variance with post hoc analysis and Tukey's t-test. Results Among the respondents, 38.3% were in favor of aesthetic plastic surgery. The most common source of plastic surgery information was the internet (50.0%). The most powerful factor influencing hospital or clinic selection was the postoperative surgical results of acquaintances (74.9%). We created a composite face of an attractive Korean female, representing the current facial configuration considered appealing to the Koreans. Beauty perceptions differed to some degree based on gender and generational differences. We found that there were certain differences in beauty perceptions between general physicians who perform aesthetic procedures and the general public. Conclusions Our study results provide aesthetic plastic surgeons with detailed information about contemporary Korean people's attitudes toward and perceptions of plastic surgery and the specific characteristics of female Korean faces currently considered attractive, plus trends in these perceptions, which should inform plastic surgeons within their specialized fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2016

Background and Objectives : Voice therapy is proven to be effective, but patients are reluctant to receive the therapy when physicians recommend it. This phenomenon may due to patients'lack of trust in or low satisfaction level of the therapy. This study aimed to evaluate patients'satisfaction level after voice therapy and identify factors that could increase the satisfaction. Materials and Methods : First, the fraction of patients who were recommended voice therapy ahead and completed it was studied, and survey was conducted on those who finished ten voice therapy sessions. The patients'1) satisfaction level during the therapy, 2) satisfaction level about physician's explanation about the therapy, 3) willingness to recommend, 4) satisfaction level about the results were assessed, and was correlated with overall satisfaction level. In each category, patients' gender-, age-, and disease type-related differences were analyzed. Results : Patients under 19 years old were most satisfied during the voice therapy; patients above 40 years old showed statistically significantly higher satisfaction level regarding satisfaction with physician explanation about treatments and with treatment results compared to other ages groups. Patients above 40 also showed the highest willingness to recommend. 26.5% of patients either refused to or discontinued voice therapy. 84.3% were satisfied with treatment results. Considering variabilities among factors, patients'satisfaction with physician explanation about treatment and willingness to recommend had positive correlation. Conclusion : Though 26.3% of patients received voice therapy when physicians recommended, patients who completed the therapy were overall satisfied.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-38
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• 2008

The concept of Chiari malformations emerged toward the end of $19^{th}$ century from Chiari's initial descriptions of "alterations in the cerebellum resulting from cerebral hydrocephalus." In 1891, Hans Chiari(1851-1916) suggested cerebellar ectopia in which he classified Type I as "elongation of the tonsils and medial parts of the inferior lobes of the cerebellum into cone-shaped projections, which accompany the medulla oblongata into the spinal canal. The incidence of Chiari malformation has been found to be between 0.56% and 0.77% on MR imaging studies, as well as 0.62% in brain dissection studies. the definition of the adult Chiari malformation has varied with the evolution of neurodiagnositic capabilities and knowledge of physiopathology. This disorder can be associated with significant symptomatology, risk of secondary injury due to trauma, and the risk of progression and damage of the spinal cord due to associated Syringomyelia. Syringomyelia is found in 50 to 70% of Chiari I malformation. It is the clinical judgment of the physicians evaluating this disorder that is of the importance to avoid the therapeutic extremes of pursuing unnecessary surgery or withholding necessary treatment from patients.