• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of social support on type 2 diabetes by classifying it into diabetes and impaired fasting blood sugar, a pre-diabetic state. Subjects of this study were 22,846 adults aged 30 years or above who agreed and registered to participate in the "Korean Health Examine Cohort (KOEX)" study that simultaneously collects questionnaires and biological samples at 8 university hospitals around the nation. Normal fasting blood sugar was defined as below 100 mg/dL, and impaired fasting blood sugar was defined as 100~125 mg/dL. Diagnosis of diabetes was defined as fasting blood sugar of 126 mg/dL or above, diagnosis by a doctor, or medication of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent. Social support groups were divided into 4 groups, and Group 1 (G1) had high positive support and low negative support. This is the reference group with the highest social support. During multivariate analysis, female group (G3) that had high positive support and high negative support showed prevalence of impaired fasting blood sugar 1.19 times higher (95% CI = 1.02~1.41) than G1. As this study confirmed that social support increases fasting blood sugar of women after correction for socioeconomic status, health behavior, and biological and medical variables, it implies the importance of social relations such as social support in addition to management of personal risk factors for prevention of type 2 diabetes.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to propose prototypical plans for a dwelling unit applying the concepts of 'open housing' and 'aging in place' for senior citizens living in cities focusing on specific life patterns with chronic disease. Especially, a unit was designed for diabetes patients because diabetes, a representative disease of elderly people, often accompanies complications such as arthritis and Alzheimer disease. A unit design suitable for the convenient life of the elderly people with diabetes will provide a guideline for the similar unit designs of the senior citizens with other diseases. In this study, three types of unit plan are proposed. A-type plan is for type-1 diabetes patients, B-type alt.1 for the independent seniors of type-2 diabetes patients, and B-type alt.2 for the dependant seniors of type-2 diabetes patients. And a support design for a unit plan with the exclusive area of $60\;m^2$ is proposed. The same support design is used for all three unit types. Although the locations of bathroom and storage room are fixed and the location of the kitchen is changeable only in wet-zone. In conclusion, senior residents with diabetes can choose one of three unit types before occupation and the chosen unit type can be renovated by replacing infill systems as the health condition or life style changes.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2013

In this present study, we determined the immunoregulatory activity of ginsenoside Rd extract from Panax ginseng. To determine the activity, we tested Rd against $CD4^+$ Th cells in a murine model of type 1 diabetes, which involves Th1-dominant immunity. The type 1 diabetes was caused by streptozotocin (STZ) and the severity of the diabetes was evaluated by measuring the degree of hyperglycemia, a major symptom of diabetes. The data resulting from experiments showed that ginsenoside Rd induced a greater level of Th1 type cytokines [IFN-${\gamma}$ & IL-2] than Th2 type [IL-4 & IL-10] (P<0.05), which was determined by cytokine profile analysis. In the animal model of diabetes, the depletion of $CD4^+$ Th cells by a treatment of anti-CD4 mAb resulted in considerably lower values of blood-glucose levels than those of the mAb-untreated mice, which indicates that the Th1 immune response from $CD4^+$ Th cells are responsible for diabetes. Based on these observations, the effect of Rd on diabetes was examined in the same animal model. Results showed that Rd-treated mice groups had increased levels of blood glucose compared to Rd-untreated mice groups that were used as a negative control (P<0.05). In other words, Rd aggravated the diabetes via the Th1 immune response. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rd had an immunoregulatory activity of Th1-dominant immunity.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to identify factors related to perceived health status among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This is cross-sectional observational study. Respondents were 106 visitors in an outpatient diabetes clinic of a university hospital. Self-report questionnaire which included general information inquiry, diabetes-related, sociopsychological factors, functional health literacy and perceived health status was used for this study. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, independent simple t-test, one-way ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple linear regression. All analysis were conducted using SAS 9.3. Results: Among the respondents, 43.4% engaged in poorly perceived health status. After adjusting for control variables, functional health literacy is significantly related to perceived health status(${\beta}$=0.095, p=0.016). Conclusion: Independent of diabetes-related, sociopsychological factors, higher functional health literacy is associated with better perceived health status of patients with type 2 diabetes. In order to improve perceived health status in the type 2 diabetes patients, it is necessary to develop strategy to enhance the functional health literacy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.1239-1243
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• 2005

목 적 : 체내에 축적된 철은 간에서 인슐린제거를 늦게 해 고인슐린혈증을 유발하며, 인슐린 작용을 저해시키고 이로 인해 당신생이 증가해 이차적으로 당뇨병을 유발할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 체내의 저장 철을 알 수 있는 가장 좋은 지표인 ferritin을 측정해 2형 당뇨병 발생과의 연관성을 조사하기 위한 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 연세의료원에서 진료받고 있는 1형 당뇨 환자군 36명, 2형 당뇨 환자군 8명, 내당능 장애군 18명을 대상으로 하였으며, 2004년 학교 신체 검사에서 정상 대조군 29명을 선정하여, ferritin과 기타 혈청학적 및 임상적 검사를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 1) 정상대조군, 내당능 장애군, 2형 당뇨 환자군에서 평균 Log ferritin은 각각 $1.33{\pm}0.32$, $1.63{\pm}0.19$, $1.90{\pm}0.30$였으며 정상 대조군에 비해 내당능 장애군(P<0.01)과 2형 당뇨 환자군(P<0.01)에서 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. 2) Log ferritin과 각 변수인자와의 상관관계는 체질량 지수(P<0.01), 수축기 혈압(P<0.01), 공복시 혈당(P<0.01), 공복시 인슐린(P<0.01)과 유의한 관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 정상 대조군에 비해 내당능 장애군과 2형 당뇨 환자군에서 ferritin이 의미 있게 높았으며 ferritin의 증가는 인슐린 저항성과 2형 당뇨병 발생의 유발인자로서의 가능성을 시사한다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2010

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical effect of oriental obesity therapy on morbid obese patient with Type 2 Diabetes. Methods Two cases of Type 2 Diabetes patient was treated with herbal medicine, electrolipolysis, dietetic therapy, and aerobic exercise during the treatment period. Results The diagnostic index (Weight, BMI, PBF, WHR, FPG, HgbA1C) was improved at the end of treatment. Conclusion The improvement of the patient with Type 2 Diabetes is identified through receiving oriental medical treatments, dietetic therapy, and aerobic exercises. Further research on medical treatments and long-term maintenance of weight loss for obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes should be needed in order to standardize the treatment methodology.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the level and correlation of compliance and barriers to self-care behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The participants for this study were 122 patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the out-patient clinic of C national general hospital. Data collection was done by self-report questionnaires. Results: The mean score of the patients with type 2 diabetes for self-care behavior was higher than average level. Level of barriers to exercise was also higher than average, and higher than other barriers of diet and medication; There were low but significant correlations between self-care behavior and barriers to diet, exercise and medication; Variance in barriers to exercise, using alcohol, regular hospital visits, medical treatment and good foot care explained 29.6% of the variance in self-care behavior. Conclusion: According to the study, the self-care behavior of medication and barriers to exercise were the highest. Barriers to exercise highly influenced self-care behavior. Barriers to diet and exercise were significantly correlated the self-care behavior. Further study or interventions are necessary to decrease barriers in patients with type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

Objectives: To investigate whether smoking and the smoking status are predictors of the incident impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes in Korean men. Methods: A cohort of 1,717 Korean men without IFG or diabetes, who underwent annual periodic health examinations for 4 years (2002-2006), were retrospectively investigated. IFG and diabetes were defined as a serum fasting glucose concentration of 100-125 mg/dL and more than 126 mg/dL, respectively. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between smoking and development of IFG or type 2 diabetes. Results: A total of 558 cases (32.5%) of incident IFG and 50 cases (2.9%) of diabetes occurred. After controlling for the potential predictors of diabetes, the relative risk for IFG, compared with the never smokers, was 1.02 (95% CI=0.88 to 1.19) for the ever-smokers, 0.96 (95% CI=0.79-1.16) for those who smoked 1-9 cigarettes/d, 1.15 (95% CI=1.01 to 1.30) for those who smoked 10-19 cigarettes/d, and 1.31 (95% CI=1.10 to 1.57) for those who smoked 20 or more cigarettes/d (the P value for the current smokers was only p<0.002). The respective multivariate adjusted relative risks for type 2 diabetes, compared with the never-smokers, were 1.07 (95% CI=0.64 to 1.92), 1.47 (95% CI=0.71 to 3.04), 1.84 (95% CI=0.92-3.04), and 1.87 (95% CI=1.13-3.67), respectively (the P value for the current smokers was only p=0.004). Conclusions: The smoking status and the number of cigarettes smoked daily are associated with an increased risk for developing IFG or type 2 diabetes in Korean men.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2016

Background: Glycemic control is an effective way to reduce the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, but more than half of the adults with diabetes in Korea are improperly controlling their glycemic levels. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors associated with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: This study analyzed 1,261 subjects ${\geq}30years$ old diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012). Poor glycemic control rates were defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level ${\geq}7%$. To shed light on the causes of poor glycemic control, socio-demographics, diabetes severity, health status, and health behavior factors were adjusted and logistic regression was done. Results: Of the total 1,261 patients, 53.0% of patients with type 2 diabetes had HbA1c ${\geq}7%$. After running a logistic regression model, the odds ratio of poor glycemic control was higher in high school graduates than elementary school graduates; in people living in Chungcheong and Jeolla/Jeju than those living in Seoul; in the group with diabetes for over 5 years had diabetes less than 5 years; in a group with insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent treatment than non-treatment; in a group with hypertriglyceridemia than without hypertriglyceridemia; and in the group with slept less than 6 hours slept 7-8 hours. Conclusion: We need a comprehensive public health policy to reduce the poor glycemic control rates in type 2 diabetes patients. We should recognize the education levels, duration of diabetes, diabetes treatment, hypertriglyceridemia, and sleep duration were associated with poor glycemic control.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical studies on the effect of herbal medicine in type 1 diabetes in children and to seek better approach of herbal medicine to treat type 1 diabetes in children. Methods This study researched randomized controlled trials through various databases in the world about herbal medicine treatments in type 1 diabetes in children. Results 10 out of 337 studies were selected and analyzed. All studies were conducted in China. All studies were using herbal medicines, as an adjunctive treatment to the main regimen. As a result, the integrated Chinese medicine and western medicine lowered FPG by -1.56 mmol/L and 2hPG by -1.94 mmol/L on average, respectively. The HbA1c also decreased by -1.11% in the treatment group compared to the control group. Total efficacy of the treatment was 1.21 times more effective in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusions Based on the results of the studies, it seems that the herbal medicine for the treatment of type 1 diabetes in children will be effective as a combination with conventional medicines. Further research is needed to prove the findings of this observatoional studies.